Kukonzekera mwadzidzidzi m'mahotela ndikofunikira kutsimikizira chitetezo nthawi iliyonse pakafunika. Jordan akutenga chisamaliro kuti athe kuthana ndi kuthana ndi zovuta m'mahotela zikachitika.

Pansipa tikambirana za kuzindikira kwa zovuta zazikulu zomwe zingachitike ndikuyika hotelo za Jordanian munthawi yadzidzidzi komanso pakagwa tsoka. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza pakukonzekera bwino kwama hotelo, momwe amathandizira ndikuthana ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi, zoperewera kapena zomwe zimapangitsa kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi mwadzidzidzi.

Munkhaniyi, tifotokoza zomwe oyang'anira ochokera ku hotelo zitatu-, zinayi- ndi zisanu za nyenyezi ku Amman ndi Petra anena zamakonzedwe okonzekera mwadzidzidzi m'nyumba zawo. Zotsatira zaulula kuti Hotelo za ku Jordanian zimakumana ndi zovuta zingapo zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa ndi anthu. Pankhani yakukonzekera mwadzidzidzi, mahotela aku Jordanian kusowa chochita mwadzidzidzi kukonzekera ndi zovuta zomwe zimalepheretsa kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha masoka. Izi zikutsindika udindo womwe ali nawo kuti akhazikitse oyang'anira mwadzidzidzi ku hotelo kuti awathandize kuchita izi, motero amatha kuthandizira mwadzidzidzi.

Kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi ndikuwongolera masoka ku Jordan: momwe mungapewere kuvulala kwambiri

Kuwongolera masoka yakhala nkhani yofunikira monga momwe osewera ofunikira ochereza amafunira njira zothanirana ndi zochitika zosayembekezereka izi, zomwe zimasokoneza chiwopsezo cha mabungwe ochereza (Ref. Mitroff, 2004), ndikupanga zovuta zambiri m'magulu aboma ndi pagulu (Ref. Prideaux, 2004).

Kash ndi Darling (Ref. 1998) ananena kuti Chofunika kwambiri pothana ndi tsokalo ndikuwunika madera omwe akukonzekera tsokalo, ndikuwunikanso ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa zinthu za bungwe (mtundu, kukula, ndi zaka), ntchito zakuchuluka kwa tsoka komanso kukonzekera mwadzidzidzi.

Hotelo za ku Jordanian zakumana ndi kuchuluka kwa masoka ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi m'zaka makumi awiri zapitazi. Ponseponse, nthawi kuyambira 2000 mpaka pano yakhudzidwa ndi masoka achilengedwe komanso opangidwa ndi anthu, kusakhazikika pazandale ku Middle East komwe kumakhudza ma hotelo aku Jordanian molakwika (Ref. Ali & Ali, 2011). Kuyambira pa Seputembara 11, 2001, zigawenga zikuluzikulu zosachepera 18 zidawopseza makampani ochereza alendo padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza awiri omwe adachitika ku Jordan (Rif. Paraskevas & Arendell, 2007).

Kafukufukuyu akufuna pezani zadzidzidzi zazikulu zomwe zidachitika mumsika wama hotelo ku Jordan kufufuza m'mahotela akukonzekera zadzidzidzi m'mbuyomu, ndikuwunikira momwe hotelo zimathandizira ndikuthana ndi izi; ndi malire omwe mahotela adakumana nawo; gawo lazophunzirazi silikudziwika bwino ku Middle East konsekonse komanso m'mahotela a Yordani.

 

Kukonzekera mwadzidzidzi: Kukonzekera kumatanthauza kusayendetsa masoka!

Kuwongolera kwadzidzidzi Zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri kubizinesi iliyonse, makamaka makampani ochereza alendo pazovuta zomwe zingachitike kukumana ndi zoopsa kutali ndi kwawo (Ref. Stahura et al., 2012). Akatswiri amati oyang'anira zadzidzidzi ayenera kusankha mtundu kapena njira yabwino pokonzekera, kuchitapo kanthu, ndikuchira nthawi yadzidzidzi.

Quarantelli (Ref. 1970) adatchulidwa pakufufuza kwake komwe kukonzekera sikuyendetsa masokandipo masoka amtsogolo sikuti ndikobwereza zomwe zidachitika kale. Drabek (Ref. 1995) adasanthula kuchuluka kwa kukonzekera mwadzidzidzi ndi kuthawa kwa mabizinesi apaulendo kuti adziwe momwe angakonzekere kukonzekera, magulu ankhondo, ndi maphunziro omwe adaphunzira monga mapulani ochita, omwe akuwongolera, ndi kuyankhulana.

Khalidwe la kukonzekera mwadzidzidzi liyenera kuyang'aniridwa, kuunikidwa, ndikukonzedwa pazifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, kasamalidwe kazidzidzidzi sikadali ntchito yokwanira (Ref. Crews, 2001), osakhala ndi maphunziro okwanira komanso chidziwitso chaukadaulo kwa omwe akukonzekera zadzidzidzi. Chachiwiri, kusachita bwino pakukonzekera mwadzidzidzi kumadzetsa kusamvana pakati pa njirazi ndi zinthu zomwe zilipo mogwirizana ndi zosowa zadzidzidzi. Chachitatu, kukonzekera mwadzidzidzi kuyenera kukhala njira yopitilira muyeso, popeza ikhala yokhazikika imasinthidwa kuti ikhale yopanda ntchito (Ref. RW Perry & Lindell, 2003).

Mapulani abwino ndi magulu ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mupulumuke pamavuto. Kugwira ntchito molimbika komanso zosankha zambiri zovuta ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuchira mwadzidzidzi. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi ya zovuta zammbuyo mpaka kukonzanso mzere wowongolera zadzidzidzi kumakhudzanso kuyesetsa kuthana, kuwongolera ndikuchira mavuto.

Kutuluka msanga ndi gawo lofunikira la unyolo. Anthu olumala kapena ovulala amatha kukhala ndi vuto kuthawa nyumbayo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mahotela, monga nyumba zina zapagulu, amayenera kukhala okonzeka nthawi zonse ndi zida zoyenera pakachitika ngozi.

 

Njira zoyendetsera masoka

Chifukwa cha mavuto, kasamalidwe ka magawidwe ndi magawidwe ndikofunikira malinga ndi zovuta zomwe hotelo zimakumana Pre-, panthawi- komanso pambuyo pakagwa mwadzidzidzi potengera gulu lolumikizana, gulu lolimbana ndi zoopsa (Ref. Burritt, 2002).

M'mawu a Fink (Ref. 1986) njira yoyendetsa masoka, kasamalidwe kadzidzidzi amayenera kuyamba tsoka lisanachitike ndipo isanayambe kuluma kuhotelo. Kuwongolera kwadzidzidzi kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: Prodromal, Acute, Chronic, and Resolution. Adanenanso kuti chizindikiritso choyambirira cha masoka obwerezabwereza ndizovuta kuzindikira. Kusuntha kuchokera kumalo otsika kwambiri kupita kwawoko, kuwonongeka kumayambitsa kuwonongeka ndi kutayika, gawo lokonzekera mwadzidzidzi komanso magwiridwe antchito omwe angakumane nawo mwadzidzidzi atha kuthandizira kuwonongeka. Mosiyana ndi izi, gawo losatha limalola bungwe kuti libwererenso ku ngozi ndikuphunzira kuchokera ku mphamvu ndi zofooka zomwe zili mu pulani yankho ladzidzidzi.

Mu chithunzi chake, a Roberts (Ref. 1994) adalongosola magawo anayi a kuwongolera masoka. The gawo lisanachitike komwe kuyeserera kuchepetsa kuthana ndi kukonzekera tsoka lomwe lingachitike. Mu gawo lazadzidzidzi, tsoka limachitika ndipo zochita zidzatengedwa kupulumutsa ndikupulumutsa anthu ndi katundu. Mu gawo lapakatikati, hotelo zimapereka mapulinsipulo a kanthawi kochepa kuti abwezeretse ntchito zofunika ndikugonjera mwachangu. Pomaliza, gawo lalitali ndipomwe kukonza madongosolo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zazitali, ndikuthandizira njira zadzidzidzi kukonzekera mwadzidzidzi kukonzekera.

 

Kodi ndizifukwa ziti zadzidzidzi m'mahotela aku Jordanian?

Ofunsidwa adapemphedwa kuti afotokoze mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zadzidzidzi zomwe zinachitika m'mahotela awo kumapeto kwa nyengo.

Zomwe zidapezeka zidavumbulutsa izi Mahoteni aku Jordania adawopsezedwa ndi zadzidzidzi zingapo komanso kusakhazikika pazandale ku Middle East. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsanso kuti uchigawenga, Amman akuphulitsa 2005, mbiri ya odwala ku Libyan, mavuto azachuma, msonkho, miliri, kutembenukira kwa ogwira ntchito, ndikuwopseza kwachilengedwe adadziwika kuti ndizovuta zazikulu zomwe zikukumana ndi hotelo za Jordania.

Zomwe zidapezeka zidawululiranso moto, kasamalidwe koyipa, makina achitetezo apamwamba, komanso kukonzekera kochepa mphamvu zinali zina mwadzidzidzi kuyang'anizana ndi bizinesi yama hotelo ku Jordan ndizovuta pabizinesi yochereza alendo, mafakitale okhudzana, komanso chuma cha dzikolo. Ofunsidwa adakhumudwitsidwanso ndi mapangano omwe adachitika ndi boma la Libyan kuti alandire ndikulandila wodwala wovulalayo. bolodi m'mahotela aku Jordan amawalonjeza kuti adzalipira ma invoice mkati mwa masiku 14; amawona kuti mpaka pano amangolandira zosaposa 50% kuchokera ku ndalama zawo pambuyo pofufuza ndi kuchotsera makomiti aku Libyan. Kuphatikiza apo, kukwera mtengo kwamphamvu, misonkho yayikulu komanso kukakamizidwa kwa mautumiki.

 

Mapeto ake, kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi ndi kuwongolera masoka ndiye makiyi

Pambuyo pake Jordan idakhudzidwa ndi masoka osiyanasiyana komanso zochitika mwadzidzidzi. Kuwonetsera kuwonongeka kwama hotelo kuzinthu zowopsa mdera lakunja ndi lakunja. Izi zadzetsa kusinthika kwakukulu kwa alendo okaulendo ndi ndalama. Zochitika zomwe takambirana mu kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa mavuto azakhudzana ndi makampani aku hotelo ku Jordan zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zomwe zikukhudza zomwe kampaniyi idachita ku Jordanian GDP ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwachuma.

Kupezako kukutsimikiziranso kuti mtundu, bungwe, komanso kukula kwake zidakhudza kwambiri dongosolo lokonzekera mosasamala kanthu kuti bungwe lidakumana ndi tsoka kapena silinachitike. Kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi ndi kukonza dongosolo ladzidzidzi ndi chidziwitso cha oyang'anira zithandiza makampani ochereza kupereka zofunikira, komanso maphunziro othandiza kupewa kapena kuchepetsa zoopsa. Njira zowunikira chitetezo ndi njira zopezera chitetezo ndi nyongolotsi yopulumutsa miyoyo ya alendo ndi malo ochereza. Zinthu izi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chida chotsatsira kwa alendo ndi okonza misonkhano. Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse njira zomwe zikubwera kuti muchepetse mavuto ndikukonzekera bwino chisanachitike zovuta.

Komanso, kuchepetsa zowonongeka nthawi kuthawa pakagwa tsoka. Kukonzekera mwachangu kuyenera kukhalapo m'boma komanso kuphunzira kuchokera m'mbuyomu kuti athe kuthana ndi zochitika izi. Tsoka ilo, mwatsoka, kafukufukuyu adapezanso njira yoyenera yogwirira ntchito mwadzidzidzi ndi osewera makampani.

 

WERENGANI PITANI YA ENTIRE ACADEMIA.EDU

 

BI WA AUTHOR

Dr Ahmad Rasmi Albattat - Wothandizira Pulofesa ku Post Graduate Center, Management ndi Science.

Dr Ahmad R. Albattat, ndi Pulofesa Wothandizira ku Post Graduate Center, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Ndi Pulofesa woyendera komanso wofufuza wakunja ku Medan Academy of Tourism (Akpar Medan). Ali ndi digiri ya udokotala ku Hospitality Management kuchokera ku University Sain Malaysia (USM). Adagwira ngati Pulofesa Wothandizira, Amoni Applied University College, Amman, Jordan. Mphunzitsi wamkulu ndi wotsogolera kafukufuku ku School of Hospitality & Creative Arts, Management ndi Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, ndi Researcher ku Sustainable Tourism Research Cluster (STRC), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Anali akugwirira ntchito yolandila alendo ku Jordanian kwa zaka 17. Adatengapo gawo ndikupereka mapepala ofufuza pamisonkhano ingapo yamaphunziro yomwe idachitikira ku Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, ndi Jordan. Ndi membala wokangalika pa Scientific and Editorial Review Board on Hospitality kasamalidwe, hotelo, zokopa alendo, zochitika, kukonzekera mwadzidzidzi, kasamalidwe ka masoka, zothandizira anthu pa Journal of Tourism Management, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management (JHMM), Nkhani Zatsopano mu Tourism (CIT), Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism (APJIHT), International Journal of Economics and Management (IJEAM), AlmaTourism, Journal of Tourism, Chikhalidwe ndi Kukula kwa Madera, International Journal of Tourism and Sustainable Community Development. Ntchito zake zaposachedwa zidasindikizidwa m'manyuzipepala apadziko lonse lapansi, zochitika pamisonkhano, m'mabuku ndi mitu yamabuku.

 

 

 

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