Ukuhlaselwa kwegesi e-Siriya kuye kwagwetywa ngoorhulumente behlabathi lonke, kwaye kukho isizathu esinamandla kakhulu: iigulane zamagulane-kuquka i-Sarin enye-izixhobo eziphazamisayo ezibangelwa yimiphumo ebuhlungu yintlungu kumaxhoba.

Shiya ngaphandle kweemvavanyo zezopolitiko, ukuvavanywa komkhosi okanye izigwebo. Kukho izifundo ezifunekayo kwaye ziqondwe ukuba zikwazi ukujongana neemeko ezingxamisekileyo apho kusetyenziswe i-agent agent engumonakalo.

Njengamaxesha onke, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kwimeko yokuhlaselwa ngamachiza, abaqhubi bezempilo kufuneka bathobele imithetho ephambili yendawo ekhuselekileyo kwaye kufuneka bazame ngandlela zonke ukuhlala bezikhuselekile kuqala. Kufuneka bahlale kude neendawo ezinobungozi, ukuba abaxhotywanga nge-PPE efanelekileyo. Rhoqo - njengabaqhubi benkonzo abangenelela mihla le enkundleni bezazi kakuhle - amaqela okuqala ukuya kwindawo yoncedo olungxamisekileyo ii-ambulensi, hayi iFire Brigade (eneenqwelo mafutha eziphuthumayo kwaye zibekwe kwiindawo ezininzi ezikude).

Unokwenza ntoni xa uhlaselwa ngerhasi?

Ukuhlaselwa kwegesi yinto engaqhelekanga, nangona kunjalo, isilumkiso sokuqala yile: ungangeni kwindawo yokubetha ngaphandle kokhuseleko olufanelekileyo. Iityhefu zerhasi ezinobungozi zichaphazela kakubi inkqubo ye-nerve, kuba zithintela i-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) kwaye zichaphazela okanye zingcolise amanzi okanye ukutya ngokuphefumla. Ezinye iintlobo zegesi yerhasi zinokuchaphazela ulusu, kwaye ngolusu, zibangele iziphumo ezifanayo kodwa ngendlela ebanzi emntwini.

Eyona ngxaki ibaxekileyo kukuba zonke iiarhente zamayeza zinokunyanzeliswa kokusingqongileyo: azikhuphi kwaye aziphakami emoyeni, kodwa ziphikelela kwindawo ezikhutshwe kuyo (kusetyenziswa iibhombu, imigodi, okanye ii-nebulizer).

Xa kucace gca ukuba irhasi isasazekile endaweni, kwaye isebe lokuqala eliluncedo loMlilo iBrigade lijikeleze, Amasebe e-CBRNE babizwa. Ezi ziingcali zokucima umlilo zingenelele kwimeko yokuhlaselwa kwegesi kwaye zinokuthi zahlulwe ngoko nangoko izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza: iimaski ze-antigas, i-sensrochemical sensors, izinto ezinobungozi zizinto ezingesosinye sezixhobo zabaqhubi be-CBRNE.

La maqela - amasebe e-22 asebenzayo kulo lonke elase-Italy - afumane ulwazi lobuchwepheshe kunye namava ukuba abhekane nesimo ngaphandle kokungcola. Kwiimeko zoxakeko, kwanamasebe akhethekileyo Amajoni axhobile kungabizwa ukuba kungenelele.

Ngeli xesha, nangona kunjalo, kukho amaziko ezempilo asemthethweni axhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezinekhowudi yokungenelela kwimeko ye Isiganeko se-CBRNE. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wezempilo kufuneka alinde de indawo ibhalwe yi Abacimi mlilo, phambi kokungenelela. Kungenxa yokuba kukho indawo apho ukufikelela kwabasebenzi bezempilo kungavinjelwa. Kwimeko apho Umsitho we-CBRNE, eqinisweni, iBrigade yoMlilo, ngokubambisana kunye nenye inxaxheba yongenelelo, ihlula indawo ibe yimacandelo.

Kwi indawo zokusebenza, kuphela abantu abayimfuneko imisebenzi yokuhlangula banokufikelela, ngaphandle kokuba baxhotyiswe ngokuthe ngqo PPE. KwiRed Zone inokuchazwa kwakhona njengendawo evaliweyo ekungeneni kuye nakubani na. Kwindawo ye-orenji- ebizwa ngokuba yi-decontamination - bafikelela kuphela kwi-crews efanelekileyo kwaye ixhotyiswe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, indawo etyheli, eyona ndawo isebenza kuyo yangaphandle, yenzeka ngexesha lokunxiba kwabaqhubi ekufuneka bangene kumhlaba obomvu, kwaye kusekwe i-PMA yokuqala. Ngaphandle kwendawo etyheli, kwenye likaxakeka indawo yolawulo lwenkqubo inokusetwa.

E-Italy kukho i-nucleus yokungenelela okukhethekileyo kwezempilo, i-NISS esekwe kwiVicenza: zezi oogqirha, oongikazi kwaye SUEM118 abasebenzi bazimisele ukujamelana nesiganeko kunye nokunyanga amaxhoba okuqhuma or balimala ngemibhobho. Oogqirha, abongikazi, abaqhubi kunye neengcali zeZiko lokuSebenza leSuem baqeqeshiwe kwaye balungiselelwe ukuphatha imeko kaxakeka equka ukuqhuma kunye nenxeba. Le projekthi, engalinganiyo e-Itali, yazalwa ngokuthanda kwe-Suem yokuqala, uGqirha Federico Politi, oye walandela iikhosi zikaxakeka ku Israeli nase United States.

Kwaye enyanisweni, kwi-Suem yeVicenza, izixhobo zokwakha zomkhosi sele zifikile ezivumela ukungenelela ukuthintela ukopha kunye nokugcina amanxeba kwimizuzwana embalwa. Ngelishwa alikho iqela elithile elifana neli lenziwe yi-NHS yesiNgesi, iqela le-HART, apho ii-paramedics zixhotyisiwe kwaye zaqeqeshwa ngokungathi abacima umlilo, kwaye ke banokufikelela kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo ngokuzisa ubungcali babo besayensi.

Ukuhlaselwa kwegesi: indlela yokunyanga ukunxila kweer nerve?

Ukongeza kwingozi, imiphumo yegesi yentsholongwane ibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye ibonakala. Ukuqonda ukuba umntu uye wakhankanywa kwi-gas nererve, kufuneka uqaphele kwisigulane i-miosis eqinile, ukuphazamiseka okunamandla ekufumaneni isikhundla esinqabileyo (indawo yokuhlala), ukuqhuma komzimba kunye ne-bronchoconstriction, i-bradycardia, isisongela, i-sialorrhea, ukucoca ngokungahambiyo kunye nokuchasana, i-asthenia , i-musciculations muscular kunye-xa isiphumo sinzima - ukukhubazeka. Ekugqibeleni, ukuxhamla kunye nokufa kwangenelela.

Kwezi meko ke kufuneka ukuba umhlanguli aqale ngokuhlamba ngamanzi amaninzi emzimbeni wexhoba, apho kunokwenzeka ngokususa iimpahla kuba irhasi yenzonzobo, ingene kwimicu, ithanda ukuhlala apho. Igalelo lezonyango kunye nokonga libalulekile kulawulo kwimithamo emibini ye-atropine.

I-SIMG (Italian Society of General Medicine) iqaphela ukuba - kwimvumelwano kunye namava-imithamo ye-atropine eza kuhanjiswa kwizigulana ezivezwe kuhlaselo lwerhasi kufuneka ibe "yi-heroic" okanye iphakame kakhulu kunedosi ye-2mg evumelekileyo Ukusetyenziswa kwesiqhelo kwezonyango. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba iikhemesti zezi zibhedlele zekhaya zixhotyiswe ngokwaneleyo.

Kukho iindawo ezithile zehlabathi (i-Israel kunye ne-Iraq) apho i-nerf yegesi isetyenzisiwe kwaye isithintelo se-toxin siphathwe nge-pridostgmine. Ukusebenza kokuthintela kule nkunkuma kuyaziwa kwizilwanyana kodwa kungekhona kubantu. Amanqanaba angasetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, emva kwemizuzu ye-5-10, ide ifikelele ekugqibeleni i-atropinization (ukubukeka kwe-mydriasis), ukuya kwiqondo elingu-100mg ngaphakathi kweeyure ze-24.

Ngoko ke, ukuthintela kwemithi ye-pharmacy ayithembekiyo ngenxa yokuba iimpendulo ezinobungozi zisengozini. Iingcamango zombuzo zivela kwiimvavanyo eziphuhlisiwe kwi-Israel kwiminyaka engama-80 nangama-90. Nangona kunjalo, bekungeke kube neempahla ezaneleyo ze-pyridostigmine e-Italy ukuphatha abantu basekuhlaleni, ekubeni unyango lwamayeza alucebisi kwaye kuba luyi-molecule. Ngoko ke, unyango olungxamisekileyo lwe-atropine lucetyiswa, oluvimba i-peripheral kunye nezenzo eziphambili zokuvimbela i-AChE.

I-anti-gas KIT: njani umkhosi wempi?

Ekubeni ukuhlaselwa kwegesi yentsholongwane kubonakala kuninzi kwimimandla yemfazwe, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukulwa neethagethi zempi (ukusebenzisa igesi yesigubha ivinjelwe iindibano zentlalo yoluntu) kwimikhosi yaseYurophu zikhona iikiti ezithile kunye ne-atropine 2mg kunye neziyobisi ezisebenzayo ze-AChE (ezifana pralidoxima). Ngethamsanqa, ukukhusela kunye ne-atropine kubonakalise ubuninzi besichetho kubemi ngokubanzi kunye nakwabantwana bakwaSirayeli ngexesha leMfazwe yeGulf.

Ngaba izibhedlele zilungiselelwe umsitho onje ngokuhlaselwa ngerhasi?

Kodwa ukuba umkhosi unokulungele ukujamelana nesongelo esifanayo, izibhedlele zihlelwe njani? Kuzo zonke izibhedlele zaseItaliya, izitokisi ezinkulu ze-atropine zikhoyo kwizicwangciso eziqhelekileyo. Amaziko anxamnye nobutyhefu ahlakazekile kulo lonke ipeninsula anokufumana izakhono ezifanelekileyo kunye neziyobisi ukunyanga naziphi na izidakwa. Kuyaziwa - ukuya kutsho - kuphela eFransi ukusabalaliswa ngokubanzi kwe-40mg / 20ml isisombululo se-atropine sulphate esingenakucala senzeke emva kokuhlaselwa kobubi kaNovemba 2015. E-Italy, ke kunjalo, kucetyiswa ukuba, ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba uqalise ukuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwe-atropine ngokwaneleyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-drug-intra-osseous infusion.