Frontiers of Oncology in Emergency Care: Prehospital Cancer Management
Innovation and challenges in the care of oncological patients in emergency situations
Urgent Oncology: A New Frontier
Emergency oncology has become a key field in cancer patient care. Emergency services are often the first contact point for oncological patients presenting with acute complications, making effective and timely management crucial.
Complications Related to Oncological Treatments
Complications from treatments, such as extravasation injuries caused by chemotherapy, require prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Prevention is key to avoid severe consequences, like the need for debridement or amputation.
Management of Gastrointestinal Issues
Gastrointestinal problems are common in oncological patients, often caused by opioid or immunological therapies. Symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea require stabilization, including rehydration and the use of antiemetics and antidiarrheals.
Complications of Radiotherapy Treatments
Complications from radiotherapy treatments can range from dermatitis to cardiovascular diseases and depression. Managing these complications requires consultations with various specialists.
Impact of Immunotherapy
With advancements in cancer research, new immunological agents are available. These can cause immune-related adverse effects, ranging from flu-like symptoms to potentially life-threatening conditions like pneumonitis and pancreatitis.
Utilization of Emergency Departments for Oncological Emergencies
Studies show that between 2006 and 2014, over 4% of all emergency department (ED) visits in the United States were cancer-related. Visits vary depending on the primary cancer type, with high rates among patients with breast, lung, prostate, and colon cancer.
Determinants of ED Visits Among Oncological Patients
The Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use provides a framework to understand the determinants of ED use among oncological patients. Individual factors such as chronic conditions and demographic characteristics can influence the use of emergency departments.
In summary, managing oncological emergencies requires a deep understanding of the complex needs of cancer patients and adequate preparation of emergency personnel. Collaboration between oncologists and emergency services is crucial to provide optimal care.