Basalioma: The Silent Enemy of the Skin
What is Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), commonly known as basalioma, is the most common yet often underestimated form of skin cancer. Deriving from basal cells located in the lower part of the epidermis, this neoplasm initially manifests with skin lesions that may appear innocuous, such as small shiny bumps, non-healing sores, or areas of scarred skin. Unlike other tumors, basal cell carcinoma grows slowly and rarely metastasizes, but this does not make it any less dangerous. If ignored or not adequately treated, it can penetrate into underlying tissues, causing significant damage and disfigurement. The primary cause of basal cell carcinoma is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, both from sunlight and artificial sources such as tanning lamps. Risk factors also include genetic predisposition, as evidenced by Gorlin syndrome, characterized by a genetic mutation that increases the risk of developing multiple basal cell neoplasms.
Risk Factors and Prevention
As mentioned, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, both solar and artificial, is the primary risk factor for developing basal cell carcinoma. Genetic factors, such as Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), can also increase the risk. Prevention includes reducing sun exposure during peak hours, using sunscreen, and adopting protective clothing.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Basal cell carcinoma can present in various forms: as a non-healing ulcer, a reddened or irritated area, a small pink growth with raised edges, or as a flat scar-like lesion that is white or yellowish in color. The diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma is based on clinical examination and confirmed through a skin biopsy.
Treatment and Management
Treatment depends on the type, size, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient’s conditions. Therapeutic options include surgical excision, photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy, and, in selected cases, topical treatments or radiation therapy. Mohs micrographic surgery offers high healing rates while preserving surrounding healthy tissue, proving particularly useful for lesions in critical areas such as the face.
Knowledge and prevention are crucial in the fight against basal cell carcinoma. Early recognition and timely treatment can significantly reduce the risk of complications. It is important to consult a dermatologist when faced with changes in the skin or suspicious lesions.
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