I-Novel Coronavirus isephakathi kwethu kwaye wonke umntu kwihlabathi liphela kwaye iimvavanyo zisendleleni yokunika ingcaciso ethe kratya njengoko kunokwenzeka. IYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins iphendule imibuzo emininzi kuvavanyo lwe-COVID-19 kwaye yanika iimpendulo.

IYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins iluqalisile uphando malunga nenqaku le-coronavirus kwaye ikwanika iimpendulo ezininzi kuyo. Namhlanje sinqwenela ukwabelana nawe uluhlu lweyona mibuzo ixhaphakileyo kuvavanyo lwe-COVID-19.

Ngubani oqale i-Testing Insights Initiative kwaye kutheni?

Wazalwa ngenkxaso yeBloomberg Philanthropies kunye neStavros Niarchos Foundation. Bangamahlakani ethuba elide bephilanthropic bale yunivesithi, ukongeza kwinkuthazo evela kuSenator uMark Warner. Iphulo i-COVID-19 lokuHlola ii-Insights Initiative libonisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamaqela aliqela kwiYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins. Phakathi kwezinto esinazo, iSikolo saseBloomberg seMpilo yoLuntu, iZiko loLondolozo lweeNzululwazi, iZiko loKhuseleko lwezeMpilo, iZiko leeSayensi zeNzululwazi kunye nezoBunjineli (CSSE) kwiSikolo seWebhu esineeNjineli, kunye namaZiko okuPhuhliswa kwabahlali, axhaswe yinxalenye I-Bloomberg Philanthropies.

Iprojekthi yokulandela umkhondo ye-Atlantic yeCOVID, i-ESri kunye neThala leencwadi likaJHU Sheridan zibonelela ngedatha kunye nenkxaso yezobuchwephesha, ngelixa abaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo abavela kulo lonke ilizwe, kubandakanya kwinqanaba lomdibaniso baye bafuna i-hub esembindini yolwazi kunye nedatha malunga novavanyo. Baphethe ukuvavanya izicwangciso zokuvula kwakhona uqoqosho kunye neempendulo zomgaqo-nkqubo wezokulwa ukumelana nokusasazeka kwesi sifo.

Inyathelo elitsha lokuvavanya i-Insights Initiative liza kubonelela ngesixhobo esinjalo kwaye sincede isikhokelo njengoko zijonga ukuba zingavulwa njani kwaye nini.

 

Ifunyaniswa njani i-COVID-19? -Yunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins ngokuchasene ne-coronavirus

Iindlela ze-PCR ezisekwe kwiziseko zazo zonke uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19. Ezi ndlela zinokuchonga umntu one-COVID-19 kuphela ukuba wosulelekile. E-United States, uvavanyo oluninzi lokuxilonga uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19 lwe-nasopharyngeal okanye i-oropharyngeal specimens (impumlo okanye umqala), okwangoku. Emva koko, i-FDA inike uGunyaziso loSetyenziso oluNgxamisekileyo kwilabhoratri yokuvavanya amathe ezigulana.

 

IYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins: zithini izithintelo kuvavanyo lokuqonda u-COVID-19?

Ngalo naluphi na uvavanyo lokuqonda ukuba sesiphi na imeko, kukho ukubakho kwezinto ezingalunganga okanye ubuxoki. Uvavanyo olukhoyo lwe-COVID-19 e-US, kuye kwakho iingxelo zovavanyo olungelulo olungezizo kwezinye izigulana. Uvavanyo olungelulo olungeyonyani lunokwenzeka ukuba intsholongwane ayifunyanwanga ngokufanelekileyo okanye ngaba isiguli saye savavanywa kwangoko okanye sasemva kwexesha kakhulu kusulelo lwabo. Impazamo yaselabhoratri ikwangunobangela weziphumo zovavanyo ezingalunganga. Kwelinye icala, iingxelo ezichazayo ezixokayo azifane ziqheleke.

 

Ngubani ekufuneka evavanyelwe i-coronavirus?

IYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins inika ingxelo yokuba abantu abaneempawu ze-coronavirus kufuneka bahlolwe ukuze bazi ukuba bazikhethele abanye. Ukuvavanywa kwabantu be-asymptomatic nako kubonisiwe. Iingcebiso malunga nokuba ngubani na okanye onokuthi avavanye imeko kaRhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, ukusikelwa umda okwangoku kumthamo wovavanyo kuthintele ukuba ngubani onokuvavanyelwa i-COVID-19.

Kuyenzeka ukuba amanye amazwe anamanani amakhulu eemeko ze-coronavirus acelwe ukuba otyholwa ukuba ufumana iimpawu ze-COVID-19, gwema amaziko ezempilo ngaphandle kokuba abe neempawu ezibi. Oku kufuneka kwenzeke kuba aba bantu kuthiwa bane-coronavirus.

 

Zithini iimvavanyo ze-serology kwaye zisetyenziswa njani?

Ziimvavanyo ezisekwe egazini kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo esithile kubantu. Uvavanyo lweSerology lusebenza njengabalawuli beentsholongwane okanye iiproteni ezithile eziveliswa ngumzimba ukuphendula usulelo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kunokuba luncedo ekumiseleni ukuba ngaba umntu wosulelwe kwi-coronavirus kwixa elidlulileyo, nokuba ngaba akaze abe neempawu zesifo.

Kwelinye icala, iimvavanyo ze-PCR ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa iimeko ezisebenzayo ze-COVID-19 zinokubonisa ubukho bezinto zemvelo zentsholongwane ngexesha lokosuleleka ngentsholongwane kwaye zingabonisi ukuba umntu wosulelekile kwaye waphinda walulama.

 

IYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins: ukulinganiselwa kovavanyo lwe-serology lwe-coronavirus kunye nexesha lokufumana iziphumo

Ukuze wenze uvavanyo kunye noxilongo kwi-coronavirus, iilebhu kufuneka zibuze ukugunyaziswa kokuSebenzisa okungxamisekileyo (i-EUA) kwimvume ye-FDA. Uvavanyo lweSerology, ngokungafaniyo novavanyo lwe-PCR, alunakusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba isifo sangoku sinesifo se-COVID-19. Ngelixa abantu abosulelekileyo kucingelwa ukuba banokuzikhusela, akucaci ukuba lingakanani kwaye lide kangakanani.

I-FDA inike ukuqonda okulawulayo kuyo nayiphi na inkampani ephuhlisa iimvavanyo ze-serology kwaye ayifuni ukuba ifake isicelo se-EUA. Ngenxa yoko, khange kubekho kuvavanywa ngokusesikweni kokusebenza kweemvavanyo zeseroloji ezikhoyo ngoku. Ezinye iingxelo ziphakamise inkxalabo malunga nokunyaniseka kweemvavanyo ze-serology ezisetyenziswayo ngoku. I-NIH, i-FDA, iCDC, kunye nabaphandi kwezemfundo bakwinkqubo yokuqinisekisa uvavanyo lwe-serology.

Malunga novavanyo lwexesha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uluqwalasele. Kuyinto, ngaxeshanye, kubaluleke kakhulu, ukwazi iziphumo ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokuxhasa amanyathelo ezempilo oluntu ukulawula i-COVID-19. Abaguli bafumana iziphumo zovavanyo kwangoko, abantu abosulelekileyo banokwahlukaniswa.

Okwangoku, ixesha lokufumana iziphumo zovavanyo e-US lingahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi. Iitekhnoloji zovavanyo ezahlukeneyo zivelisa iziphumo kumaxesha ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, abanye oomatshini bokuvavanya bathembisa iziphumo kwimizuzu engama-30, ngelixa ezinye iindlela zelebhu zinokuthatha iiyure. Ukuba iziko lezempilo kufuneka lithumele uvavanyo kwilabhoratri eyahlukileyo, kungathatha ixesha elongezelelweyo ngenxa yohambo - usuku okanye nangaphezulu kuxhomekeke ekubeni kukude kangakanani na kwilabhoratri. Kungathabatha ixesha elongezelelweyo ukuhambisa iziphumo zovavanyo kumboneleli wezempilo kunye nesigulana. Kuyo yonke i-US, ukulibaziseka kuvavanyo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo zovavanyo kuye kwaxelwa.

 

Ngaba abaguli kufuneka bahlawule ukuze bahlolwe kwaye abantu baya phi ukuze bafumane uvavanyo? IYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins iphendula nge-coronavirus

Ngo-Matshi 2020, i-US Congress yadlula kwaye uMongameli watyikitya umthetho we-Families First Coronavirus Response Act, efuna izicwangciso zikarhulumente kunye nezabucala zokuhlawula iindleko zovavanyo lwe-COVID-19. Umthetho awukhuseli kwiindleko zangaphandle-zenethiwekhi okanye iindleko zokundwendwela usulelo lwe-coronavirus olunokwenzeka olungakhokelela kuvavanyo. Ngelixa iCongress ibekele bucala imali yokuvavanya i-uninsured, kunokwenzeka ukuba abanye abantu abangenayo i-inshurensi baya kuhlawuliswa. Umthetho awubhatali iindleko zonyango lwe-COVID-19.

Indawo zokuvavanya zahluka ngokwendawo kunye nendawo. Kwezinye iindawo, uvavanyo lunikezelwa kuphela kumaziko ezempilo kwaye lunokugcinelwa abaguli abalaliswe esibhedlele. Amanye amazwe aseke iindawo zovavanyo zabahlali, ezinje ngeeklinikhi zokuvavanya ukuqhuba.

 

Kukho ukungangqinelani phakathi kokuvavanya idatha ye-coronavirus. Ngoba?

Amanye amazwe e-US anika ingxelo yokuvavanywa okuhle ngokwahlukileyo kuvavanyo olubi, olunokuthi lubonakale ngathi i-100% yeemvavanyo zabo zazintle okanye i-100% yayingalunganga ngalo mhla. Ingxelo yedatha yecandelo lokuvavanya ifika ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, okanye zinokutshintsha indlela abazixela ngayo iindidi zedatha ekuhambeni kwexesha, zonke ezinokuthi zichaphazele ukubalwa kwenqanaba lokuhle. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ulandele nasiphi na isiphumo sokuvavanywa kukarhulumente, ukwenzela ukulinganisa ukusasazeka kwe-coronavirus e-US.

Xa iingxelo zichaza inani lovavanyo lwe-coronavirus olwenziweyo, oku kufanele ukuba kubandakanya inani lovavanyo lwentsholongwane olwenziweyo kunye nenani lezigulana olwenzelwe kuzo olu vavanyo. Kwaye, akufuneki zibandakanye i-serology okanye uvavanyo lwe-antibody kwingxelo. Oku akusetyenziswanga ekuchongeni isifo esisebenzayo se-COVID-19 kwaye abanikeli kukuqonda kwenani leemeko ze-COVID-19 ezichongiweyo okanye ukuba uvavanyo lwentsholongwane lwanele na ukufumana usulelo olwenzeka ngaphakathi kurhulumente ngamnye.

Okwangoku, amazwe anokungafani phakathi kuvavanyo oluphathisiweyo kwinani labantu abaye bavavanywa. Esi sisiseko esibalulekileyo sedatha ekhoyo yokujonga uvavanyo e-US, kwaye amazwe kufuneka asebenze ukujongana nawo.

 

FUNDA KUNYE

Unyango lwe-Plasma Therapy kunye ne-COVID-19, isikhokelo esibhedlele saseJohn Hopkins University

ECOVID 19 e-Bolivia, Umphathiswa wezeMpilo uMarcelo Navajas ubambe eso sigculelo

I-COVID 19 yokuvavanywa kwezinja: urhulumente wase-UK unika i- £ 500,000 yokuxhasa uphando

I-COVID 19 yaseMyanmar, ukungabikho kwe-Intanethi kuvimbela ulwazi lwezempilo kubahlali abakwingingqi yeArakan

ISenegal: Ukulwa kwemoto yeDocteur I-COVID-19, ePittechnic Institut yaseDakar kuzisa irobhothi ngezinto ezintsha ezinokulwa ne-COVID

 

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