12 Chivabvu, Zuva Renyika Dzese ravanamukoti: Florence Nightingale aive ani?
Musi wa12 Chivabvu 1820 Florence Nightingale, muvambi wesainzi yemazuva ano yehukoti, akazvarwa. Sangano reInternational Council of Nurses (ICN) rinorangarira zuva iri nekucherechedza zuva reInternational Nurses Day pasi rose.
12 Chivabvu wave mukana wekuti basa roukoti 'ritaure zvishoma nezvaro' nevarwere vari muchipatara, nevashandisi venzvimbo, nevakwegura, nevamwe vashandi vezvehutano, vane vechidiki vanofanirwa kusarudza basa. , nevose avo – muchidimbu – avo muhupenyu hwavo vakasangana kana kuti vachasangana ‘namukoti’.
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE akaberekerwa muFlorence pa12 Chivabvu 1820 kuvabereki vakapfuma vechiRungu vaive vaenda kuItaly kwenguva refu.
Mudiki kwazvo, akaratidza kufarira kukuru mukuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwehutano hweChirungu.
Panguva iyoyo, zvipatara zvaityisa nharaunda, kuti zvidzivirirwe zvachose: muwadhi imwe chete, dzimwe nguva pamubhedha mumwechete, varwere vanotambura nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana vakaungana.
Pfungwa yehutsanana yakanga isingazivikanwi: vanachiremba havana kugeza maoko avo vasati vavhiya uye vakapinda muimba yekushanda mune zvipfeko zvakafanana zvavaipfeka mumugwagwa.
Kufa muchipatara kwaive kwakanyanya.
Nightingale akaziva kuti kuitira kuvandudza mhedzisiro yehutano hweBritain zvaive zvakafanira kutanga kushanda pane dzimwe pfungwa dzakakosha, dzakadai sehutsanana hwenzvimbo nemararamiro, kurongeka kwemabasa ehutano hwemagariro uye hukama hwekubatsira vanorwara.
Zvaive zvakatenderedza pfungwa idzi kuti akakwanisa kuvaka hwaro hwekuzvarwa nekuvandudzwa kweNursing.
Simba reuchapupu mudzidziso dzake.
Mafungiro aNightingale akamutsa kufarira kukuru mumatunhu ehurumende yeChirungu, nekuda kwekugona kwake kuvatsigira kuburikidza nemidziyo yehumbowo hwesainzi, iyo panguva iyoyo yakanga yave kutanga kutora kukosha kukuru, kwete nekuda kwekupararira kwepfungwa yepositivist muEurope.
Munguva yeHondo yeCrimea, umo maBritish, French neTurks akarwa nemaRussia, hurumende yeBritain yakamugadza semukuru wevakoti veBritish United Hospitals muTurkey.
Chipatara cheSkodra chaiva nezviuru zvemibhedha yakazara mumakiromita matanhatu emakorori akareba, ane tsvina: yakanga yakazara nemakonzo, pakanga pasina mvura uye zvimbuzi zvakavharwa zvakaputika mumawadhi.
Nightingale akasvika ikoko aine vanamukoti 38, avo 12 chete ndivo vaizopona
Akaratidza kuti huwandu hwehuwandu hwekufa kubva mukurwara pakati pevarwi (42%) hwaive nechokuita nekusachengetwa kwakakwana uye, kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi zvakaiswa munzira yake nevakuru vezvokurapa, avo vasina kugamuchira dzidziso iyi, akakwanisa kuvimba nemari kubva. zvipo zvepachivande uye, nekutsunga kukuru, vakakwanisa kugadzirira Barrack Hospital muShkodra nehutsanana hunoshanda uye zvivakwa zvakakodzera.
Nhamba yekufa yakaderera kusvika pa2%.
Nekuongorora zvakacherechedzwa izvi uye kushandisa mhando dzemasvomhu, akakwanisa kuratidza huchokwadi hwedzidziso dzake, izvo zvaizokurumidza kutungamirira kukudzikisira kukuru kwehuwandu hwekufa nehurwere kunyangwe pakati pevagari vemo.
Iyo inonzi 'wedge' graph, yakagadzirwa naNightingale kutsanangura kuti munguva yeHondo yeCrimea kupindira kwake kwehutano kwakaderedza zvakanyanya kufa kubva kuchirwere pakati pemasoja eBritish, inyanzvi yehuwandu hwevamiriri uye, panguva imwecheteyo, inogona kutorwa seimwe ye mienzaniso yekutanga yewww.fnopi.it welfare applications yakavakirwa pahumbowo hwesainzi (pakati pezvakasiyana-siyana onawo muna Pam Brown, Florence Nightingale, Editrice Elle Di Ci, Turin, 1991).
Iyo 'wedge' girafu inotora kukosha kwakakodzera kana munhu akafunga kuti sainzi yenhamba yakanga ichiri mudiki panguva iyoyo: kune mienzaniso mishoma yehuwandu hwemumiriri hwakashandiswa kune zviitiko zvemagariro zvinogona kurondwa kumashure panguva iyoyo, kana munhu akasabatanidza mukurumbira waMinard. girafu ra1869, umo kufa kunotonhora kweuto raNapoleon muRussia kwakamiririrwa.
Girafu yaMinard, inoonekwa seimwe yeakanakisa kumiririrwa kwakagadzirwa kusvika panguva iyoyo, yaive chinhu chakatariswa naNightingale, uyo, mushure mekunyatsoyedzwa kweiyo data iripo, akasvika pakugumisa kuti uto reNapoleonic, semamwe mauto mazhinji, akanga asina kuparadzwa nehondo asi nehosha.
Nightingale's graphs, iyo chero ipi zvayo yakatangira Minard's, haingotsananguri chete asiwo inotsanangura sezvo iine mukati mavo mhinduro kudambudziko rakaonekwa.
William Farr pachake, mukuru weGeneral Registry Office uye shamwari yeNightingale, akaona kuti nokushandisa mazano mamwe chetewo, migumisiro yakafanana yaigonawo kuwanikwa pakati pevagari vemo.
PaInternational Congress of Statistics yakaitirwa muLondon muna 1860, Nightingale akaita mupiro wakajeka kunzira dzekuunganidza kwakarongeka kwedata rechirwere.
Muenzaniso unokosha wekuti zvaive zvakakosha sei kuti aite sarudzo dzinotsigirwa nenheyo dzesainzi zvidzidzo zvake zvechirwere chezvirwere zvewadhi yekuzvara.
Zvakabuda muongororo iyi, zvinoratidza huwandu hwevanhu vanofira muzvipatara zvakanyanya kudarika madzimai anosunungukira kudzimba, zvakaita kuti mawadhi aya avharwe.
Zvidzidzo pamusoro pekufa kwevacheche vevaAborigine munharaunda dzeBritain zvakachengetawo munzveri akabatikana kwenguva refu, sezvo aishora pfungwa yokuti vana ava vanofanira kufa kaviri kupfuura avo vezera rimwe chetero vanogara muEngland.
Basa rake munhamba dzezvokurapa rakanga rave richiorora kwazvo zvokuti muna 1858 akasarudzwa kuva nhengo yeStatistical Society of England yakakurumbira.
Kuedza kwekutanga kupa vanamukoti vane hunyanzvi hunyanzvi kwakaitwa muna 1865 muLiverpool's hospice, nekuda kwemari kubva kuChristian philanthropist, William Rathbone, achitungamirwa neNightingale pachake uye mutariri weSt Thomas' Hospital.
Kuedza kwakaitwa kuratidza nesainzi kuti mukoti ane hunyanzvi anogona kuponesa hupenyu: huwandu hwevanhu vanofa hwakaenzaniswa pakati pemawadhi umo vanamukoti vakaunzwa nemawadhi asina hunyanzvi hwehukoti.
Ongororo iyi haina kuburitsa misiyano yakakura pakati pehuwandu hwevanhu vanofa mumapoka maviri aya, asi yakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya naNightingale, uyo akati kugovaniswa kwenyaya hakuna kumboitika zvachose, asi kuti mawadhi aishanda vanamukoti vakabvuma zvakanyanya. varwere.
12 Chivabvu, hutungamiriri hwaNightingale hunobva paruzivo rwake
Kunyanya kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwenhamba kwakaita kuti awane zvinhu zvikuru: mavakirwo akaitwa zvipatara, mawadhi ekuzvara airongwa, mabharaki aifambiswa akanga achinja kuvonga kwaari uye rudo rwake rwekufunga, kugona kwake kubvunza fungidziro uye kunyatsoteerera. nzira yekusvika pamhedziso.
Mushure mekudzoka kubva kuCrimea uye nekugamuchirwa kumusha segamba renyika, Nightingale akapedza makore makumi mana akatevera ehupenyu hwake achiyambira hurumende pakati penyika, kusanganisira India neUnited States, nezve mavakirwo ezvipatara uye maitirwo emabasa ekuchengetedza, kunyanya. mabasa ehukoti, anofanira kurongwa.
Aine chokwadi chokuti Nursing yaiva nzira, nzira yakanakisisa, yokuponesa upenyu, pasinei nokuti vakawanda vezvokurapa panguva iyoyo vaizviona sezvisingabatsiri, Nightingale aikoshesa zvikuru dzidzo youkoti: mumakore mashomanana zvipatara mumakondinendi ose zvinenge zvichibvunza. Nightingale nurse kuvhura zvikoro zvitsva.
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