Ngomhla we-12 kuMeyi ka-1820, uFlorence Nightingale, umseki wesayensi yezobunesi yanamhlanje, wazalwa. I-International Council of Nurses (ICN) ikhumbula lo mhla ngokubhiyozela uSuku lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lwabongikazi kwihlabathi liphela.

Ngomhla we-12 kuCanzibe ke ngoko ibe lithuba lokuba umsebenzi wabongikazi 'uthethe kancinci malunga nawo' kunye nezigulana ezilaliswe esibhedlele, kunye nabasebenzisi beenkonzo zemimandla, kunye nabantu abadala, kunye nabanye abasebenzi bezempilo, kunye nabantu abatsha ekufuneka bakhethe umsebenzi. , nabo bonke – ngokufutshane – abathi ngethuba lobomi babo badibane okanye baza kudibana 'nomongikazi'.

UFLORENCE NIGHTINGALE wazalelwa eFlorence nge-12 kaMeyi 1820 kubazali abacebileyo abangamaNgesi ababeye e-Italiya ukuhlala ixesha elide.

Emncinci kakhulu, wabonisa umdla omkhulu ekuphuculeni inkqubo yezempilo yesiNgesi.

Ngelo xesha, izibhedlele zaziyindawo eyoyikisayo, ukuba igwenywe kuzo zonke iindleko: kwiwadi enye, ngamanye amaxesha ebhedini enye, izigulane eziphethwe zizifo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Ingcamango yokucoceka yayiphantse ingaziwa: oogqirha abazange bahlambe izandla zabo ngaphambi kokuba benze utyando kwaye bangene kwindawo yokuqhuba kwiingubo ezifanayo ababezinxibe kwisitrato.

Ukubhubha kwabantu esibhedlele bekuphezulu kakhulu.

U-Nightingale waqaphela ukuba ukuze kuphuculwe iziphumo zokhathalelo lwempilo lwaseBritane kwakuyimfuneko ukuba kuqaliswe ukusebenza kwiingcamango ezithile ezisisiseko, ezinjengococeko lwemekobume kunye nendlela yokuphila, umbutho weenkonzo zentlalontle kunye nobudlelwane bokunceda abagulayo.

Kwakujikeleze ezi ngcamango ukuba wakwazi ukwakha iziseko zokuzalwa kunye nophuhliso lwe-Nursing.

Amandla obungqina kwiingcamango zakhe.

Izimvo zikaNightingale zivuse umdla omkhulu kwizangqa zorhulumente wamaNgesi, ngenxa yokukwazi kwakhe ukubaxhasa ngezixhobo zobungqina besayensi, ezathi ngelo xesha zaziqala ukubalasela, hayi ngenxa yokusasazeka kwengcinga yepositivist eYurophu.

Ngexesha leMfazwe yaseCrimea, apho amaBritane, amaFrentshi namaTurkey ayesilwa namaRashiya, urhulumente waseBritane wammisela njengentsumpa yombutho wabongikazi kwiBritish United Hospitals eTurkey.

Isibhedlele saseShkodra sasinamawaka eebhedi ezixineneyo kwiikhilomitha ezintandathu kwiipaseji ezinde, ezingcolileyo: zazizaliswe ngamagundane, kwakungekho manzi kwaye izindlu zangasese ezivaliweyo zaphuphuma kwiiwadi.

UNightingale wafika apho kunye nabongikazi abangama-38, ekwakuza kusinda abali-12 kubo

Ubonakalise ukuba izinga eliphezulu lokusweleka ngenxa yokugula phakathi kwamajoni (42%) lalinxulumene nokhathalelo olungonelanga kwaye, ngaphandle kwemiqobo ebekwe endleleni yakhe ngamagosa ezonyango, awayengayamkeli le nkcazo-bungcali, wakwazi ukuxhomekeka kwimali evela kumagosa ezonyango. iminikelo yabucala kwaye, ngokuzimisela okukhulu, ukwazile ukuxhobisa iSibhedlele saseBarrack eShkodra ngogutyulo olusebenzayo kunye neziseko eziluncedo ezifanelekileyo.

Izinga lokusweleka lehlile laya kutsho kwi-2%.

Ngokuphonononga olu qwalaselo kunye nokusebenzisa iimodeli zemathematika, wakwazi ukungqina ubunyani beethiyori zakhe, nto leyo eya kuthi kungekudala ikhokelele ekwehleni okukhulu kokusweleka kunye nezinga lokugula naphakathi kwabemi.

Igrafu ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-wedge', eyenziwe nguNightingale ukucacisa ukuba ngexesha leMfazwe yaseCrimea ungenelelo lwakhe lwentlalontle luye lwanciphisa kakhulu ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yesifo phakathi kwamajoni aseBritane, bubuchule bobuchwephesha bamanani kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, inokuthathelwa ingqalelo njengenye imizekelo yokuqala ye-www.fnopi.it izicelo zentlalontle esekelwe kubungqina benzululwazi (phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuzala jonga kwakhona kuPam Brown, uFlorence Nightingale, u-Edirice Elle Di Ci, eTurin, ngo-1991).

Igrafu 'ye-wedge' ithatha ixabiso elifanelekileyo ukuba umntu ucinga ukuba inzululwazi yezibalo yayisebusaneni ngelo xesha: kukho imizekelo embalwa kakhulu yeenkcukacha-manani ezimele ezisetyenziswa kwiziganeko zentlalo ezinokulandelwa emva kwelo xesha, ukuba ubani akabandakanyi odumileyo kaMinard. Igrafu ye-1869, apho ukufa okubandayo komkhosi kaNapoleon eRashiya kwakumelwe.

Igrafu kaMinard, ethathwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ezenziwe ngelo xesha, yayiyinto eyayiqwalaselwa nguNightingale, owathi, emva kovavanyo olucokisekileyo lwedatha ekhoyo, wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba umkhosi weNapoleon, njengeminye imikhosi emininzi, azange atshatyalaliswe ngamadabi kodwa zizifo.

Iigrafu zeNightingale, kuyo nayiphi na imeko ngaphambi kweMinard, azichazi nje kuphela kodwa zikwachaza njengoko ziqulethe izisombululo zengxaki ephawulweyo.

UWilliam Farr ngokwakhe, intloko yeOfisi yoBhaliso Jikelele kunye nomhlobo kaNightingale, waqonda ukuba ngokusebenzisa amacebo afanayo, iziphumo ezifanayo zinokufunyanwa naphakathi kwabemi.

Kwi-International Congress of Statistics eyayibanjelwe eLondon ngo-1860, i-Nightingale yenza igalelo eliqinisekileyo kwiindlela zokuqokelela ngokucokisekileyo idatha ye-epidemiological.

Umzekelo obalulekileyo wokuba bekuyimfuneko kangakanani kuye ukuba enze izigqibo ezixhaswa ziziseko zenzululwazi luphando lwakhe lwe-epidemiological kwiiwadi zokubelekisa.

Iziphumo zolu phando zibonisa ukuba liphezulu izinga lokubhubha kwabasetyhini ababelekela ezibhedlele kunabo babelekela emakhaya, zikhokelele ekuvalweni kwezi wadi.

Izifundo malunga nokufa kweentsana zabemi base-Aboriginal kwiikoloni zaseBritani nazo zagcina umphandi exakekile ixesha elide, njengoko wayeyicaphukela ingcamango yokuba aba bantwana kufuneka bafe kabini ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunabo bakwiminyaka efanayo abahlala eNgilani.

Umsebenzi wakhe kumanani ezonyango wawuchukumisa kangangokuba ngowe-1858 wonyulwa njengelungu loMbutho woBalo-manani owaziwayo waseNgilani.

Iinzame zokuqala zokubonelela ngononophelo lwabahlengikazi abanobuchule zenziwa ngo-1865 kwi-hospice yaseLiverpool, ngenxa yenkxaso-mali evela kwi-philanthropist yobuKristu, uWilliam Rathbone, phantsi kwesikhokelo sika-Nightingale kunye nomphathi weSibhedlele saseSt Thomas.

Iinzame zenziwa ukubonisa ngokwenzululwazi ukuba ukonga abanezakhono kunokusindisa ubomi: amazinga okubhubha athelekiswe phakathi kweewadi apho abongikazi baye baziswa khona kunye neewadi ezingenabo abongikazi abanezakhono.

Uphononongo alukhange luveze umahluko obonakalayo phakathi kwamazinga okusweleka kula maqela mabini, kodwa wagxekwa kabukhali nguNightingale, owabanga ukuba ulwabiwo lwamatyala aluzange lwenzeke nje kwaphela, kodwa ukuba iiwadi abasebenza kuzo abongikazi ziye zavuma ezona meko zinzima. izigulane.

Ngomhla we-12 kuCanzibe, ubunkokeli bukaNightingale buphuma kulwazi lwakhe

Ubukhulu becala yayikukusebenzisa amanani-nkcazo awathi wazuza izinto ezinkulu: indlela ezazakhiwe ngayo izibhedlele, amagumbi okubelekisa ayelungelelaniswe, amaziko okubelekisa ayeqhutywa, umbulelo wakhe wawutshintshile ngenxa yokuthanda kwakhe ukuqiqa, ukukwazi kwakhe ukubuza izinto ezicingelwayo kunye nokunikela ingqalelo enkulu kuye. inkqubo yokufikelela kwizigqibo.

Emva kokubuya eCrimea nokwamkelwa ekhaya njengegorhakazi lesizwe, u-Nightingale uchithe iminyaka engama-40 ezayo yobomi bakhe ecebisa oorhulumente abakwisiqingatha sehlabathi, kubandakanya i-Indiya ne-United States, malunga nendlela ekufuneka zakhiwe ngayo izibhedlele kunye nendlela iinkonzo zokhathalelo, ngakumbi. iinkonzo zokonga, kufuneka zilungelelaniswe.

Eqinisekile ukuba ukonga kwakuyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusindisa ubomi, phezu kwayo nje isibakala sokuba uninzi lwezonyango ngelo xesha lwalulugqala lungenamsebenzi, uNightingale wayeyigqala njengebaluleke gqitha imfundo yokonga: kwiminyaka nje embalwa izibhedlele kuwo onke amazwekazi ziya kube sele zibuza. Abongikazi beNightingale bavule izikolo ezitsha.

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