《美國心臟協會雜誌》（JAHA）專門討論了“拯救兒童生命”這一部分，這是一項由歐洲復甦委員會（ERC）與意大利復甦委員會（IRC），歐洲患者安全基金會（EUPSF）特殊合作於2015年研究的項目，世界社會和麻醉學家聯合會以及國際復甦復甦聯絡委員會（ILCOR）的高級生命支持工作組。

The aim of this project is the improvement of communication and spread of CPR education among children and in schools.該項目的目的是改善兒童和學校中心肺復蘇教育的交流和傳播。 It is very important for children knowing how to save a human being now.對於現在知道如何拯救人類的孩子來說，這非常重要。 Tomorrow they will be more responsible adults and in case of emergency, they will be prepared to face such issues on their own.明天他們將成為負責任的成年人，在緊急情況下，他們將準備獨自面對此類問題。

OOHCA：工業化國家的主要死因

Sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA) is most probably the third leading cause of death in industrialized nations.突然的院外心臟驟停（OOHCA）很可能是工業化國家的第三大死亡原因。 We expect that up to 400 000 people will die of OOHCA in the United States each year, and the same applies to Europe and many areas of the world.我們預計，美國每年將有XNUMX萬人死於OOHCA，歐洲和世界許多地區也是如此。

改善具有良好神經功能的心臟驟停生存的最重要措施是旁觀者立即開始心肺復蘇（CPR）程序。

Following the cardiocirculatory arrest and no blood flow, the brain can survive for only 3 to 5 minutes without any damage;心臟停搏並沒有血液流動後，大腦只能存活6至8分鐘，而不會造成任何損害。 however, emergency medical service systems anywhere in the world likely will not arrive until more than 10, XNUMX, XNUMX, or more minutes have passed, depending on the country, system configuration, geography, and other factors.但是，取決於國家，系統配置，地理位置和其他因素，世界各地的緊急醫療服務系統可能要等到超過XNUMX、XNUMX、XNUMX或更多分鐘後才能到達。

因此，在幾乎所有情況下，對於OOHCA來說，緊急醫療服務都來不及了。 眾所周知，科學證明，外行旁觀者啟動CPR可使生存率提高至少2到3倍。 在這方面，與OOHCA之後的任何其他治療干預相比，非常規CPR更好，更有效。 但是，在大多數國家/地區，外行CPR率低於30％。 在極少數國家/地區，心肺復蘇術的發生率在40％到60％之間，甚至> 70％。 如果我們能夠在全世界範圍內實現60％至80％的非常規心肺復蘇術，那麼在OOHCA之後，這將立即導致200萬至000萬倖存者。

但是我們該怎麼做才能增加倖存者的數量呢？

2015 CPR指南中建議所有這些選項，並且它們都是有用且可行的。

We have seen in several countries that educating schoolchildren in CPR is particularly associated with interaction and social competencies and is often a lot of fun for the pupils and the teachers.我們已經在幾個國家看到，對小學生進行心肺復蘇術教育尤其與互動和社交能力有關，這通常對學生和教師來說很有趣。 Following their training, schoolchildren serve as multipliers.經過培訓後，學童充當乘數。 A homework assignment could be to show 10 additional people how to do CPR within the next 2 weeks.一項家庭作業可能是向另外XNUMX個人展示在接下來的XNUMX週內如何進行CPR。 It is no wonder that several US states, although not all, have started to educate schoolchildren in CPR.難怪美國有幾個州（儘管不是全部）已經開始對CPR中的學童進行教育。

對小學生的心肺復蘇術教育

在歐洲，法律規定在5個國家/地區對小學生進行CPR教育，並建議在16個參與歐洲復甦委員會研究網絡的近期調查的另外34個國家/地區進行。

This issue of JAHA includes a nationwide investigation by Carolina Malta Hansen and coworkers of CPR training in schools 8 years after mandating legislation in Denmark, where a national initiative started in 2001 to increase lay CPR rates throughout the country.本期《 JAHA》包括在丹麥頒布法規2005年後，Carolina Malta Hansen及其同事對學校進行心肺復蘇術的全國性調查，丹麥於3年啟動了一項全國性計劃，以提高全國的心肺復蘇術率。 Using a practical approach with media campaigns and many other measures, and with implementing mandatory education of schoolchildren in CPR in 2010, the survival rates following OOHCA increased XNUMX-fold by XNUMX.通過採用一種實用的方法以及媒體宣傳活動和許多其他措施，並在XNUMX年實施對CPR中小學生的強制性教育，OOHCA後的存活率到XNUMX年提高了XNUMX倍。

The current article investigates the effectiveness of Danish law on educating schoolchildren.本文探討了丹麥法律對學童教育的有效性。 The results are not as encouraging as hoped.結果並不像希望的那樣令人鼓舞。 CPR education in schoolchildren is not implemented in many schools in Denmark.丹麥的許多學校都沒有對小學生進行心肺復蘇術教育。 There is much room for improvement.有很大的改進空間。

關於研究：學校中進行心肺復蘇教育的一些證據

Nevertheless, survival rates following OOHCA tripled within a 10-year period following the Danish national initiative.然而，在丹麥國家倡議之後的XNUMX年內，OOHCA後的存活率增加了兩倍。 Additional work to implement nationwide training of schoolchildren in CPR could increase the survival rate following OOHCA even more.開展全國性的對CPR中小學生的培訓的其他工作可以進一步提高OOHCA後的存活率。

本研究還表明，即使在一個擁有專業醫務人員，政治人物，教師，教育者和學生的國家，並且擁有強大的國家主動性，在所有丹麥學校中，都需要更多的支持來促進對CPR中小學生的教育。

Denmark is one of the most active countries in furthering the national initiative to increase lay CPR rates.丹麥是最積極的國家，進一步推動了提高非專業CPR率的國家計劃。 And it is one of 5 European countries in which legislation for CPR education in schools exists.它是歐洲2005個存在學校中進行心肺復蘇教育立法的國家之一。 Despite the fact that, since XNUMX, legislation has mandated that students should be trained in CPR by the time they graduate from middle school, CPR training of schoolchildren in Denmark has not been implemented successfully.儘管事實上，自XNUMX年以來，立法已強制要求學生從中學畢業時就接受心肺復蘇術培訓，但丹麥對學童的心肺復蘇術培訓尚未成功實施。

This situation is likely even worse in other countries.在其他國家，這種情況可能更糟。 Several factors were associated with completed CPR training in schools in Denmark: belief that other schools were conducting training, awareness of mandating legislation, presence of a school CPR training coordinator, teachers who felt competent to conduct training, and easy access to CPR training material.在丹麥的學校中，完成CPR培訓與幾個因素有關：相信其他學校正在進行培訓，對法規的了解，學校CPR培訓協調員的到來，認為有能力進行培訓的老師以及容易獲得CPR培訓材料。 In addition to legislation, implementation is a key issue to increase the number of schoolchildren educated in CPR.除了立法之外，實施也是增加心肺復蘇術學童人數的關鍵問題。

我們該怎麼做才能成功實施心肺復蘇教育？

Additional efforts are necessary to successfully implement CPR training in all schools, and the factors listed above should be emphasized for further improvements.要在所有學校成功實施心肺復蘇術培訓，還需要付出額外的努力，並且應強調上述因素以進一步改進。 Moreover, teachers should probably be trained in CPR education while at university, as in Norway, and legislation must always include clear sources of adequate funding.此外，像在挪威一樣，在大學期間可能應該對教師進行心肺復蘇術培訓，並且立法必須始終包括充足資金的明確來源。

Today we know that one of the most effective ways to increase lay CPR rates in a country is by educating schoolchildren in CPR.今天，我們知道，提高一個國家的普通心肺復蘇率的最有效方法之一是對中小學生進行心肺復蘇術教育。 With such an approach and with schoolchildren as multipliers, lay CPR rates can be increased successfully and rapidly throughout a country.通過這種方法，並將學童作為乘數，可以在整個國家成功快速地提高非專業CPR率。

正如世界衛生組織於2015年批准的跨學科“救助兒童生命”聲明中所述，這種方法應在全球所有國家/地區通過法律強制實施。我們可以在丹麥和其他地方看到，這樣的法律必須隨後在全國范圍內製定了有效的實施策略並給予了支持。