I-Novel Coronavirus isephakathi kwethu futhi wonke umuntu emhlabeni wonke futhi izivivinyo zisendleleni yokunikeza izincazelo eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka. UJohn Hopkins University uphendule imibuzo eminingi ekuhlolweni kwe-COVID-19 futhi wanikeza nezimpendulo.

UJohn Hopkins University uqale ucwaningo nge-coronavirus yenoveli futhi wanikeza nezimpendulo eziningi ngayo. Namuhla sifisa ukwaba nawe uhlu lwemibuzo evame kakhulu kuhlolo lwe-COVID-19.

Ngubani oqale i-Testing Insights Initiative futhi ngani?

Wazalwa ngokwesekwa yiBloomberg Philanthropies kanye neStavros Niarchos Foundation. Bangabalingani be-philanthropic besikhathi eside bale nyuvesi, ngaphezu kwesikhuthazo esivela kuSenator uMark Warner. ICOVID-19 Testing Insights Initiative ikhombisa ukusebenzisana okukhona phakathi kwamaqembu amaningi eJohns Hopkins University. Phakathi kwethu esinakho, iBloomberg School of Public Health, Applied Physics Laboratory, Center for Health Security, Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) eWhititing School of Engineering, kanye neCenters for Civic Impact, esekelwa ngokwengxenye Bloomberg Philanthropies.

I-Atlantic's COVID Tracking Project, i-ESri kanye neMitapo Yezincwadi yeJHU Sheridan zinikezela ngemininingwane nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe, ngenkathi abenzi benqubomgomo abavela kulo lonke leli lizwe, kufaka phakathi ezingeni likahulumeni bafuna usizo oluphakathi nendawo nedatha ngokuhlolwa. Baphethe nokuhlola izinhlelo zokuvula kabusha kwezomnotho nezimpendulo zenqubomgomo yezokulwa ukubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo.

I-Testing Insights Initiative entsha izonikeza izinsizakusebenza ezinjengale futhi zisize ukuhola abaholi njengoba becabanga ukuthi bangavula kanjani futhi nini.

 

Ngabe i-COVID-19 itholakala kanjani? - UJohn Hopkins University ngokumelene ne-coronavirus

Izindlela ezenziwa yi-PCR zisisekelo cishe sonke ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa kwe-COVID-19. Lezi zindlela zingaxilonga kuphela umuntu one-COVID-19 uma enegciwane. E-United States, izivivinyo zokuxilonga eziningi ze-COVID-19 test nopharyngeal noma i-oropharyngeal specimens (ekhaleni noma komphimbo), okwamanje. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-FDA yanikeza Ukugunyazwa Kokusebenzisa Abephuthumayo kwelebhu ukuze ihlole amathe eziguli.

 

UJohn Hopkins University: yini ukulinganiselwa ekuhlolweni kwe-COVID-19?

Noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga, kunethuba lokungahambi kahle kwamanga noma okungelona iqiniso. Ukuhlolwa okukhona kwe-COVID-19 e-US, kuye kwaba nemibiko yokuhlolwa okungahambi kahle kwezinye iziguli. Ukuhlolwa okungahambisani namanga kungenzeka uma i-specimen ingatholakalanga kahle noma isiguli sihlolwe ekuseni kakhulu noma sekephuze kakhulu ekuthelelekeni kwaso. Iphutha elabhorethri liyimbangela futhi yemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamanga engemihle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibiko eyiphutha yamanga ayivamile.

 

Ngubani okufanele ahlolwe i-coronavirus?

UJohn Hopkins University ubika ukuthi abantu abanezimpawu ze-coronavirus kufanele bahlolwe ukuze bazi uma bazihlukanisa nabanye. Ukuhlola abantu be-asymptomatic nakho kuyakhonjiswa. Iziphakamiso eziphathelene nokuthi ngubani okufanele ahlolwe noma angahlolwa Kodwa-ke, ukulinganiselwa kwamanje kumthamo wokuhlola kukhawulele abangahle bahlolwe i-COVID-19.

Kwenzeka ukuthi ezinye izifundazwe ezinamacala amakhulu we-coronavirus acele ukuthi okuthiwa unezimpawu ze-COVID-19, zigweme izikhungo zezempilo ngaphandle kokuthi zibe nezimpawu ezinzima. Lokhu kumele kwenzeke ngoba laba bantu kuthiwa bane-coronavirus.

 

Yini izivivinyo ze-serology futhi zisetshenziswa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa okusekelwe egazini futhi kungasetshenziswa ukuthola i-pathogen ethile kubantu. Ukuhlolwa kweSerology kusebenza njengabalawuli bama-antibodies noma amaprotheni athile akhiqizwa ngumzimba ukuphendula ukutheleleka. Kungakho kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe umuntu wake wangenwa yini yi-coronavirus esikhathini esedlule, noma ngabe wake waba nezimpawu zalesi sifo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR okusetshenziselwa ukuthola amacala asebenza ku-COVID-19 kungakhombisa kuphela ubukhona bezakhi zofuzo zangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okusebenzayo futhi kungakhombisi ukuthi ngabe umuntu utheleleke futhi walulama ngemuva kwalokho.

 

UJohn Hopkins University: ukulinganiselwa kokuhlolwa kwe-serology kwe-coronavirus nesikhathi sokuthola imiphumela

Ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa nokuxilongwa ku-coronavirus, amalebhu kufanele acele Ukugunyazwa Kokusetshenziswa Okuphuthumayo (i-EUA) kwimvume ye-FDA. Ukuhlolwa kweSerology, ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kwe-PCR, akunakusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga okukhona kunesifo se-COVID-19. Ngenkathi abantu abanegciwane kucatshangwa ukuthi banokuzivikela komzimba, akucaci ukuthi kungakanani futhi isikhathi eside kangakanani.

I-FDA inikeze amandla okulawula kunoma iyiphi inkampani ethuthukisa ukuhlolwa kwe-serology futhi ayidingi ukuthi bafake isicelo se-EUA. Ngenxa yalokhu, akukaze kube nokuhlolwa okusemthethweni kokusebenza kokuhlolwa kwe-serology okukhona njengamanje. Eminye imibiko iveze ukukhathazeka ngokusebenza kwezivivinyo ze-serology ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje. I-NIH, i-FDA, i-CDC, kanye nabaphenyi bezemfundo basezinhlelweni zokuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa kwe-serology.

Mayelana nokuhlolwa kwesikhathi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusicubungula. Kuyinto, ngasikhathi sinye, kubaluleke kakhulu, ukwazi imiphumela ngesikhathi esifanele sokuxhasa izindlela zezempilo zomphakathi ukulawula i-COVID-19. Iziguli ezisheshe zithole imiphumela yokuhlolwa, abantu abanegciwane abasheshe bahlukaniswe bodwa bese bephula uchungechunge lwezifo.

Njengamanje, isikhathi sokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa e-US singahluka ngokuya ngezici ezithile. Ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bokuhlola bukhiqiza imiphumela ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, eminye imishini yokuhlola ithembisa imiphumela ku- <30 imizuzu, kanti ezinye izindlela zaselebhu zingathatha amahora. Uma isikhungo sezempilo kufanele sithumele isivivinyo elabhoratri esehlukile, kungathatha isikhathi esengeziwe ngenxa yokuhamba - usuku noma ngaphezulu kuya ngokuthi isikhungo sikude kangakanani nelabhorethri. Kungase futhi kuthathe isikhathi esengeziwe ukudlulisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo nesiguli. Kuwo wonke amazwe aseMelika, kuye kwabikwa ukubambezeleka kokuhlolwa ngenxa yokushoda kwempahla yokuhlola.

 

Ngabe iziguli kufanele zikhokhe ukuze ziyohlolwa kanti abantu bayaphi ukuhlolwa? UJohn Hopkins University uphendula nge-coronavirus

NgoMashi 2020, iCongress yase-US yadlula futhi uMongameli wasayina umthetho we-Families First Coronavirus Response Act, odinga ukuthi kube nezinhlelo zomshuwalense zikahulumeni nezizimele zokukhokhela izindleko zokuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19. Umthetho awuzivikeli ngamacala angaphandle kwenethiwekhi noma izindleko zokuhambela kokutheleleka kwe-coronavirus okungenzeki okungaholeli ekuhlolweni. Ngenkathi iCongress ibeka eceleni imali yokuhlola okungakhokhelwe, kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu ngaphandle komshuwalense bazokhokhiswa. Umthetho awubheki izindleko zokwelashwa kwe-COVID-19.

Izindawo zokuhlola ziyahlukahluka ngesimo nangendawo. Kwezinye izindawo, ukuhlolwa kunikezwa kuphela ezikhungweni zezempilo futhi kungagcinelwa iziguli ezisezibhedlela. Ezinye izifundazwe zisungule amasayithi okuhlola umphakathi, njengemitholampilo yokuhlola idrayivu.

 

Kukhona ukungahambelani phakathi kokuhlola idatha ye-coronavirus. Ngani?

Abanye emazweni ase-US babika ukuhlolwa okuhle ngaphandle kokuhlola okungekuhle, okungenza kubonakale sengathi izivivinyo zabo eziyi-100% zazinokuthile noma u-100% wayengekho ngalolo suku. Umbiko wedatha yengxenye yokuhlola ufika nezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, noma zingashintsha nokuthi bazibika kanjani izigaba zedatha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, konke okungathinta ukubalwa kwezinga lokuhle. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandelela noma imuphi umphumela wokuhlolwa kombuso, ukuze kukalwe ukusabalala kwe-coronavirus e-US.

Lapho amazwe ebika inani lokuhlolwa kwe-coronavirus okwenziwe, lokhu kufanele kufake isibalo sokuhlolwa kwegciwane kanye nenombolo yeziguli okwenziwa kuzo lezi zivivinyo. Futhi, akufanele zifake ukuhlolwa kwe-serology noma ama-antibody embikweni. Lokhu akusetshenziselwe ukuthola ukutheleleka kwe-COVID-19 okusebenzayo futhi akunikezeli ekuqondeni inani lamacala we-COVID-19 atholakele noma ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegciwane kwanele yini ukuthola izifo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kombuso ngamunye.

Okwamanje, izifunda kungenzeka zingahlukanisi izivivinyo ezijwayelekile eziphathwe ngenani labantu abahloliwe. Lokhu kungumkhawulo obalulekile kudatha etholakalayo ukulandelela ukuhlolwa e-US, futhi uthi amazwe kufanele asebenze ukubhekana nakho.

 

FUNDA OKWENGEZIWE

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ISenegal: Imoto ye-Docteur Car ilwa ne-COVID-19, i-Polytechnic Institut yaseDakar ifaka irobhothi ngezinto ezintsha ezenziwe nge-anti-COVID

 

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