Bari muyi magana game da pneumothorax da pneumomediastinum: barotrauma shine lalacewar nama wanda ya haifar da canji mai dangantaka da matsa lamba gas a cikin sassan jiki.

Abubuwan da ke ƙara haɗarin barotrauma na huhu sun haɗa da wasu halaye (misali hawan gaggawa, riƙe numfashi, shakar iska mai matsa lamba) da kuma cututtukan huhu (misali cututtukan huhu na yau da kullun).

Barotrauma na huhu: pneumothorax da pneumomediastinum sune bayyanar cututtuka na kowa

Marasa lafiya da ke buƙatar gwajin jijiya da hoton ƙirji.

Ana kula da pneumothorax.

Rigakafin ya ƙunshi raguwar halayen haɗari da tuntuɓar masu haɗari masu haɗari.

Ƙunƙasa da ɓarnawar alveolar na iya faruwa a lokacin da mutum yake riƙe numfashi (yawanci yayin da ake shakar iska mai matsa lamba) yayin hawan, musamman a lokacin hawan sama da sauri.

Sakamakon zai iya zama pneumothorax (jakar dyspnoea, ciwon kirji da rage sautin numfashi daga huhu na ipsilateral) ko pneumomediastinum (wanda ke haifar da ƙirjin ƙirji). wuyansa zafi, ciwon pleuritic wanda zai iya haskaka zuwa kafadu, dyspnea, tari, hoarseness da dysphagia).

Pneumomediastinum na iya haifar da crepitus a wuyansa, saboda emphysema na subcutaneous emphysema, kuma da wuya a sami precordial crepitus yayin systole (alamar Hamman).

Wani lokaci iska na iya ɗaure ruwa a cikin rami na cikin mahaifa (ƙarya yana nuna faɗuwar hanji da buƙatar laparotomy), amma yawanci baya haifar da alamun peritoneal.

Pneumothorax mai hawan jini, ko da yake yana da wuya a cikin barotrauma, na iya haifar da hypotension, turgor veins na wuyansa, hyperresonance a kan percussion kuma, a matsayin bincike na ƙarshe, ɓarna na tracheal.

Rushewar alveolar na iya ƙyale iska ta shiga cikin jijiyar huhu wanda ke haifar da kumburin iskar gas.

A lokacin zurfafawar apneas, matsawar huhu yayin gangarowa ba zai iya haifar da raguwar ƙarar huhu a ƙasa da ƙaramar saura ba, yana haifar da edema na mucosal, cunkoso na jijiyoyin jini da zubar jini, wanda ke bayyana a asibiti azaman dyspnea da hemoptysis yayin hawan.

Bincike na huhu barotrauma

• Gwajin asibiti
• Hoton kirji

Marasa lafiya suna buƙatar gwajin jijiya don bincika alamun tabarbarewar ƙwayar cuta ta biyu zuwa zubar da jini.

Ana yin X-ray na ƙirji don gano alamun pneumothorax ko pneumomediastinum (ƙarashin radiyo tsakanin leaflet ɗin pleural tare da gefe na zuciya).

Idan X-ray na ƙirji ba shi da kyau amma akwai zato mai ƙarfi na asibiti, to CT scan na ƙirji na iya zama mafi mahimmanci fiye da daidaitattun X-ray, don haka ganewar asali.

Ultrasonography na iya zama da amfani ga saurin ganewar cutar pneumothorax a gefen gado.

Pneumoperitoneum ba tare da fashewar viscera ba ya kamata a yi zargin lokacin da pneumoperitoneum ya kasance ba tare da alamun peritoneal ba.

Jiyya na huhu barotrauma

• 100% oxygen
• Wani lokaci thoracostomy

Ana kula da wanda ake zargi da cutar hawan jini pneumothorax tare da huda huda sannan kuma thoracostomy.

Idan ƙaramin pneumothorax yana nan (misali, 10 zuwa 20%) kuma babu alamun haemodynamic ko rashin kwanciyar hankali, ana iya warware shi ta hanyar sarrafa iskar oxygen mai girma na 100% na awanni 24-48.

Idan wannan magani ya tabbatar da rashin tasiri ko kuma idan an sami pneumothorax mafi mahimmanci, ana yin magudanar ruwa (ta yin amfani da catheter pigtail ko karamin bututun kirji).

Babu takamaiman magani don pneumomediastinum da ake buƙata; Alamun suna warwarewa nan da nan cikin sa'o'i ko kwanaki.

Bayan 'yan sa'o'i kadan na lura, yawancin marasa lafiya za a iya kula da su ta hanyar asibiti; Ana ba da shawarar manyan kwararar iskar oxygen 100% a cikin waɗannan marasa lafiya don hanzarta sake dawo da iskar gas a saman huhu.

Da wuya, ana buƙatar mediastinotomy don magance hauhawar jini na pneumomediastinum.

Barotrauma na huhu: rigakafi

Rigakafin shine mafi kyawun magani don barotrauma na huhu.

Madaidaicin lokaci da dabaru suna da mahimmanci.

Marasa lafiya da ke cikin haɗarin pneumothorax yayin nutsewa sun haɗa da waɗanda ke da bullae na huhu, ciwon Marfan, cututtukan huhu na huhu ko tarihin pneumothorax na kwatsam.

Irin waɗannan mutane bai kamata su nutse ko yin aiki a wuraren da ke da hawan iska ba.

Marasa lafiya tare da asma na iya zama cikin haɗari ga barotrauma na huhu, kodayake mutane da yawa na iya nutsewa cikin aminci bayan kimantawa da magani da ya dace.

Marasa lafiya da ke da pneumomediastinum bayan nutsewa ya kamata a tura su zuwa ga ƙwararrun likitancin ruwa don tantance haɗarin a nutsewar gaba.

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Source:

MSD