Faʻasalaga faʻafuaseʻi i faletalimalo e taua mo le faʻamautinoa saogalemu i soʻo se taimi pe a manaʻomia. Ua faia e Jordan se puipuiga ina ia mafai ona pulea ma foia ai faalavelave faafuasei i faletalimalo pe a tupu.

Lalo o le a tatou talanoa e uiga i le iloagofie o faalavelave tutupu faʻafuaseʻi e mafai ona tupu ma tuʻuina faletalimalo Ioritana i faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi ma faʻalavelave faʻalavelave. O loʻo suʻesuʻe le mataupu e uiga i sauniuniga faʻafuaseʻi o faletalimalo, pe faʻafefea ona latou pulea ma foia faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi, ma mea e gata mai ai poʻo mea e aʻafia ai fuafuaga faʻatautaia faʻafuaseʻi.

I lenei tusitusiga, o le a tatou lipotia ai le mea pule mai tolu-, fa ma le lima-faletalimalo faletalimalo i Amman ma Petra fai mai e uiga i faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi fuafuaga i totonu o latou fale. Iʻuga faʻaalia na O faletalimalo Ioritana o loʻo faʻaalia i le tele o faʻalavelave faʻanatura ma faʻaleaga tagata. I se mataupu o sauniuniga faʻafuaseʻi, faletalimalo o Jordanian leai se faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi fuafuaina ma se seti o faʻalavelave lea e faʻalavelaveina ai le fuafuaina lelei o faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi mo faalavelave. O lenei mea e faamamafaina ai le matafaioi tatau a le pulega e faʻatuina ai pulega faʻafuaseʻi i faletalimalo e faʻamalosia i latou e faia na faiga, o lea e mafai ai ona latou faia lelei ma faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi.

O le sauniuni mo faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi ma le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi i Ioritana: faʻafefea ona puipuia le tele o tagata na maliliu

Faʻalavelave faʻaleaga ua avea ma mataupu taua e pei o le au talimalo tagata autu e saili ni auala e faafetaiaia ai nei mea e le i faamoemoeina, lea e faafefe ai le tauvalea o faalapotopotoga talimalo (Ref. Mitroff, 2004), ma faia ni luitau se tele mo tagata tumaoti ma tagata lautele (Ref. Prideaux, 2004).

Kash ma Darling (Ref. 1998) na faailoa mai o le o le autu o le fofoina o se faalavelave matuia o le iloiloga o le tulaga oi ai nei o fuafuaga o faalavelave matuia ma sauniuniga i pisinisi talimalo, ma le suʻesuʻeina o le sootaga i le va o faʻalapotopotoga faʻapitoa (ituaiga, lapoa, ma le matua), fuafuaga mo le fuafuaina o faalavelave ma sauniuniga faʻafuaseʻi.

O faletalimalo Ioritana na latou mauaina se galu o mala ma faalavelave tutupu faafuasei i le luasefulu tausaga talu ai. I le aotelega, o le vaitaimi mai 2000 e oʻo mai i le aso ua aafia ai faanatura ma mea e fai e tagata, faʻatasi ai ma le le mautu o polokiki i Sasaʻe tutotonu o loʻo aʻafia ai faletalimalo a Ioritana i ni tulaga le lelei (Ref. Ali & Ali, 2011). Talu mai Setema 11, 2001, tusa ma le 18 tele mea faatupu faalavelave na faʻatatau i le talimalo talimalo lalolagi, aofia ai lua faia i Jordan (Rif. Paraskevas & Arendell, 2007).

O lenei suʻesuʻega e faʻatatau i faailoa mai faʻalavelave tutupu faʻafuaseʻi na tupu i le fale faletalimalo i Ioritana suʻesuʻeina o faletalimalo sauniuni mo faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi i le taimi ua tuanaʻi, ma suʻesuʻe pe faʻapefea ona puleaina e aloaʻia ma foia faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi; ma tapulaa na feagai ma le au faletalimalo; o le suʻesuʻega e tele lava ina le mafai ona faʻamatalaina i le Sasaʻe Tutotonu i le lautele ma i totonu o faletalimalo o Jordan.

 

Faʻavevesi o faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi: fuafuaga o lona uiga o le le pulea o mala!

Faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi mafai ona avea ma luʻitau sili i soʻo se pisinisi, aemaise lava le talimalo alamanuia e uiga i le leaga tulaga mai le mauaina o se faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi mea mamao mai le fale (Ref. Stahura al iā., 2012). Ua finau tagata popoto e faapea o pule o faʻalavelave tutupu faʻafuaseʻi e tatau ona fuafua le ata sili ona lelei pe faʻaaogaina pe a sauniuni mo, tali atu i, ma toe faʻaleleia mai se faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi.

Quarantelli (Ref. 1970) o loʻo taua i lana suʻesuʻega faifai pea o fuafuaga e le o le pulea o mala, ma o faʻalavelave i le lumanaʻi e le o se mea o le taimi ua tuanai. Drabek (Ref. 1995) suʻesuʻeina le tulaga o sauniuniga mo faalavelave faʻafuaseʻi ma le faʻataunuʻuina o fuafuaga mo pisinisi tafafao maimoa e fuafua ai le aʻafiaga o fuafuaga i sauniuniga, malosi, ma aʻoaʻoga faʻapitoa e pei o fuafuaga faʻatinoga, o ia e pule, ma fesoʻotaʻiga.

O le lelei o le fuafuaga faʻafuaseʻi e tatau ona mataituina, iloilo, ma faaleleia mo tele mafuaaga. Muamua, faʻataʻitaʻi faʻataʻitaʻi e leʻo avea o se aʻoaʻoga atoatoa (Ref. Crews, 2001), ma le le lava o aʻoaʻoga talafeagai ma faʻapitoa poto mo faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi. Lona lua, o le le atoatoa i fuafuaga faʻafuaseʻi e faʻatupuina ai le le tutusa i le va o taualumaga ma avanoa o loʻo maua i le paleni ma faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi manaʻoga. Lona tolu, o faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi e tatau ona avea ma faʻasolosolo faifai pea gaioiga, talu ai ua avea mautu o le a suia e avea le aoga (Ref. RW Perry & Lindell, 2003).

O fuafuaga lelei ma 'au o ni mea manaʻomia manaʻomia mo le ola mai faalavelave. O le galue malosi ma le tele o filifiliga faigata e taua tele i le tulaga o le toe faʻaleleia o faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi. Mai le pito i tua o le taimi o le faalavelave faʻafuaseʻi seia oʻo i le toefaʻatūina o le faʻaleleia o faʻafitauli faʻafuaseʻi aofia ai taumafaiga uma e faʻatonutonu, pulea ma toe faʻaleleia mai le tulaga leaga.

O le vave faʻaleleia o se laasaga taua o le filifili. O tagata ei ai manaoga faʻapitoa poʻo tagata manua e mafai ona i ai ni faigata i le sola ese mai le fale. O le mafuaʻaga lea e tatau ai ona faʻapipiʻi faʻapitoa ia faletalimalo, pei o isi fale faitele mea saʻo i le tulaga o faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi.

 

Taʻiala mo le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave

I le taimi o faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi, o le puleaina o punaʻoa ma le tufatufaina atu e taua e faʻatatau i luitau o feagai ma faletalimalo i le muamua, i le taimi-ma le meli-faalavelave faʻafuaseʻi e faʻavae i luga o le faʻavaeina o le faʻatulagaga o faʻatulagaga, le 'au o feagai ma faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi (Ref. Burritt, 2002).

I le upu a Fink (Ref. 1986) faʻafoega o le faʻalavelave faʻaleagaina, faʻaauau le puleaina o faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi ao lei tupu le faʻalavelave ma aʻo lei i ai lona tau i le fale faletalimalo. E mafai ona vaevaeina faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi i ni vaega se fa: Faʻaauau, Aʻoaʻo, Faasologa, ma le Tali. Na ia taʻutinoina o faʻamatalaga vave lapataiga mo le toe faia o faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi e faigata ona iloa. O le feaveaʻi mai i le gasologa i se gaioiga tele, faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi e mafua ai le faʻaleagaina ma mea e leiloa, o le tulaga sauniuni faʻafuaseʻi ma le aoga o le faʻafefeaina o faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi e mafai ona saofaga i le tikeri o le pasi. I le eseesega, o le taimi masani e mafai ai e le faʻalapotopotoga ona toe faʻaleleia mai le faʻalavelave ma aʻoaʻoina mai malosiaga ma vaivaiga i le fuafuaga o tali faʻafuaseʻi.

I lana faʻataʻitaʻiga, na faʻamatala ai e Roberts (Ref. 1994) fa vaega o le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave. le mea na tupu muamua pe afai o taumafaiga e faʻaitiitia le aʻafiaga o ma ia saunia mo le faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi. I totonu le faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi, faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi ma o le a faia taga e laveaʻi ma laveaʻi ai tagata ma meatotino. I le vaʻavaʻavaʻa, O faletalimalo e maua ai fuafuaga mo taimi pupuu e toe faʻafoisia ai auaunaga taua ma faʻatoʻilaloina vave vave. Mulimuli, o le taimi uumi o le mea lea o le toe faʻaleleia o aseta e faʻaaoga ai fuafuaga faʻavae umi, ma faʻaleleia fuafuaga faʻafuaseʻi i sauniuniga faʻafuaseʻi faʻafuaseʻi.

 

O a mafuaaga o faalavelave faʻafuaseʻi i faletalimalo Ioritana?

Na talosagaina le au tali e faʻamatalaina le ituaiga ma le tele o faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi na tutupu i totonu oa latou faletalimalo i le taimi ua tuanaʻi.

O mea na maua na faaalia mai ai Faletalimalo o Jordanian sa faamataʻuina e tele o faalavelave faafuasei ma le le mautonu i Sasaʻe Tutotonu. O mea na maua e pei ona faailoa mai ai o faiga faatupu faalavelave, Amman osofaʻi 2005, talaaga o le gasegase o Libyan, faafitauli tautupe, lafoga, faʻamaʻi, mea faigaluega, ma faʻamataʻu masani na faʻaalia o ni faʻalavelave tutupu faʻafuaseʻi e feagai ma faletalimalo o Jordanian.

Na maua foi i le sailiga e faapea afi, le lelei o le tausiga o tausiga, masini malupuipuia o le saogalemu, ma sauniuniga vaivai o nisi o faalavelave faafuasei feagai ma pisinisi faletalimalo i Jordan ma se aafiaga le lelei i pisinisi talimalo, alamanuia fesootai, ma le tamaoaiga o le atunuu. Sa le fiafia foi le au tetee i maliega na faia ma le malo o Libyan e talimalo ma talia atoatoa le maʻi manua. komiti i faletalimalo Ioritana ma folafola atu latou te totogiina pili i totonu o le 14 aso; latou fa'ai'uga e o'o mai i le taimi nei e na'o le 50% latou te mauaina mai a latou tupe pe a mae'a se fa'asologa o su'etusi ma fa'aitiitiga mai komiti a Libyan. E le gata i lea, o le maualuga o le tau o le malosi, maualuga lafoga ma le mamafa i auaunaga.

 

I le faaiuga, o sauniuniga faʻafuaseʻi ma le faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi o ki ia

Na mulimuli ane osofaia Jordan i se tele o faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi ma faalavelave faʻafuaseʻi. Faʻamanatuina le faʻaletonu o le fale talimalo i mea matautia i totonu ma fafo o le siosiomaga. O lenei mea ua mafua ai suiga iloga i tagata malaga mai le Faimalaga ma tupe maua. O mea na tutupu na faʻatalanoaina i lenei suʻesuʻega e faʻaalia ai se faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi na aafia ai le faletalimalo i Ioritana i le sefulu tausaga talu ai, lea e aʻafia ai le saofaga a le aufaʻatasi i le GDP o Jordanian ma faʻaalia ai le faʻaopoopoga o aafiaga i le tamaoaiga.

O le sailiiliga e faamamafa ai foi o le faatulagaga o le faalapotopotoga, tausaga, ma lona telē na i ai se aafiaga tele i fuafuaga faʻamalosi e tusa lava pe o le faʻalapotopotoga na feagai ma se faʻalavelave muamua pe leai foi. Sauniuniga mo faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi ma se faʻafou fuafuaga faʻafuaseʻi faʻatasi ai ma le faʻalauiloaina o taʻitaʻi e fesoasoani i pisinisi faʻafeiloaʻi ia maua ai punaoa talafeagai, faʻapea foʻi ma aʻoaʻoga lelei e aloese ai pe faʻaitiitia ai aʻafiaga. O le saogalemu ma le saogalemu o polokalama e puipuia ai ola o tagata asiasi ma fale talimalo. O nei mea taua e mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina e avea ma meafaigaluega maketi mo tagata asiasi ma fuafuaga fuafuaina. Ma le mea mulimuli, e taua tele le malamalama i faʻatulagaga fou e faʻafefe ai aʻafiaga ma ia saunia lelei aʻo leʻi oʻo i le faʻafitauli faigata.

E le gata i lea, e faʻaitiitia ai le gau i le taimi aveeseina pe a tupu le faalavelave. E tatau ona i ai i le tulaga o le malo ni fuafuaga faʻamalosia lelei ma aʻoaʻo mai le taimi ua tuanai e foia ai le aafiaga o ia mea. O le mea e leaga ai, o lenei suʻesuʻega na maua ai se faʻasalaga i le faʻatautaia o fuafuaga faʻafuaseʻi e le au taʻavale autu.

 

FAITAU LE TULAGA LELEI ONA ACADEMIA.EDU

 

LE TUSI A LE FAIA

Dr Ahmad Rasmi Albattat - Polofesa Fesoasoani i le Post Center Graduate, Pulega ma Saienisi.

Dr Ahmad R. Albattat, o se Polofesa Lagolago i le Post Gradu Center, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. O ia o se asiasi Polofesa ma fafo suʻega i Medan Academy o Turisi (Akpar Medan). O loʻo ia te ia le tikeri faʻailoga faʻataʻitaʻi i le Hospitality Management mai le University of Science Malaysia (USM). Sa galue o ia o se Fesoasoani Polofesa, Amone Applied University College, Amman, Jordan. Faiaʻoga sinia ma faʻataʻitaʻi suʻesuʻe i le Aoga o Talimalo & Faʻataʻitaʻiga Faʻataʻitaʻi, Pulega ma Saienisi Iunivesite, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, ma le Suʻesuʻega i le Sustainable Tourism Research Cluster (STRC), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Sa galue o ia mo le pisinisi talimalo i Ioritana mo le 17 tausaga. Na ia auai ma faʻalauiloa pepa o suʻesuʻega i le tele o fonotaga faʻaleaʻoaʻoga na faia i Meleisia, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, ma Jordan. O ia o se sui galue o Saienitisi ma Faʻatonutonu Iloiloga Komiti i le talimalo pulega, faletalimalo, turisi, mea na tutupu, faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi, faʻatautaia o faʻalavelave, tagata faigaluega mo le Tusitusiga o Turisi Pulega, Tusi o Talimalo talimalo & Pulega (JHMM), Nofoaga o loʻo iai nei i turisi (CIT), Asia-Pasefika Tusitala o Foufou i talimalo ma turisi (APJIHT), International Journal of Economics and Management (IJEAM), AlmaTourism, Tusi o Turisi, Culture and Territorial Development, International Journal of Tourism ma Sustainable Community Development. O ana galuega fou na lolomiina i totonu o le laupepa tusi faavaomalo, taualumaga o konafesi, tusi ma tusi mataupu.

 

 

 

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