Ndekupi kwekutanga kana uchitaura nezve EMS muAfrica? Isu tinoshandiswa kufunga nezve ERs uye ambulensi masevhisi sehwaro hwe chero emergency. Nekudaro, ivo vanofanirwa kushanda nemazvo kuvimbisa kubata kwakaringana uye zviri nyore kutaurwa pane kuzviita.

EMS kutenderera pasirese: iro dambudziko rechokwadi remamwe matunhu epasi, senge EMS mu Africa, ndiyo hurongwa. Pasina anoshanda zvechimbichimbi zvekurapwa system, ambulensi sevhisi, dhipatimendi rekukurumidzira uye zvivakwa hazvigone kushanda nenzira kwayo, uye pasina chirongwa chakakodzera chedzidzo uye yekudzidzisa, ndiani achashanda muhurongwa? Uyezve, ndiani achashanda pa ambulances?

Yese yemibvunzo iyi inotarisana nemumwe mubvunzo wakasiyana-siyana: ungazviita sei? Takataura navo Prof. Terrence Mulligan, Co-founder uye Visi Mutungamiri we IFEM Foundation, uyo akabata musangano panguva iyo Africa Health Exhibition 2019 about the Global Emergency Medicine kukura.

Ndeapi mamiriro eEMS muAfrica?

"Ndakadzidziswa muUnited States muEmergency Medicine. Kune 6 kana nyika ye7 mishonga inokurumidzira yakanyatsogadziridzwa, dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dziri pakati pekuvandudza, asi huwandu hwenyika huri kutanga kwahwo kana kuti hahumbotanga, sezvizvarwa zveAfrica. Mushure mekudzidziswa mukati Emergency Medical Specialist, Iniwo ndinowedzera kudzidza shure nzira yekugadzira sangano.

Muzvizhinji zvezvikoro, vanokudzidzisa nzira yekutarisira varwere asi havakudzidzisi kuti ungavaka sei urongwa, saka humwe hutano hwehutano. Ehe saizvozvo, kutarisira varwere inonyanya kukosha, asi zvakare kuziva nzira yekugadzira a kudzidzisa chirongwa chekuita, kushanda nehurumende yehurumende, maitiro ekuwana kuzivikanwa uye zvinhu zvakadai semari uye mari yekugadzirisa inshuwarisi, somuenzaniso. Uyewo kumutemo mitemo, mitemo yehutano. Iwe unogona kunge uine mhinduro mune chero mamiriro ekurapa kwekukurumidzira. Saka kuvaka chirongwa chekurapa kwekukurumidzira kwakafanana kuvaka chigadzirwa muitiro.

Pakati pachemo iwe unayo vanhu kurapa uye vanachiremba dzidzo, uye kune rumwe rutivi, une ruzivo pamusoro nzira yekushandira dhipatimendi rinokurumidza, nzira yekugadzira a chirongwa chekudzidzisa. Development in kutarisirwa kuchipatara inopfuura kupfuura ruzivo rwekuzvitarisira pachako. Inosanganisira yose yakarongwa.

Iwe unobatanidzwa sei mukuvandudzwa kwekurapwa kwenyika dzese muAfrica?

Ndakapindira African medical emergency emergency, kushanda mukati Chamhembe Afrika uko muna 2004 ini ndakatanga uye ikoko tinogona kuwana maitiro akafambira mberi epasi rose reAfrica. Ndakavabatsira mukugadzira mapurogiramu ekudzidzisa asiwo kutarisira uye kutarisira nekupa zvimwe advanced training. Asi pandakatanga navo, vakanga vasina kutora zero. Sezvo akashanda navo kwenguva yakareba, mu2008 yakagadzirirwa African Federation of Emergency Medicine (AFEM) uye yakatanga nechinangwa chekuva sangano revanhu vanokurumidzira. Ndiani anoita izvi zvose? Ndeapi nyika dzakagadzirirwa kutanga kuvaka hurongwa hwehutano hwekukurumidzira? Ndiani anoita basa iroro? Mhinduro idzi dzinogona kunge dziri mapoka mapiyona, asi izvo zvavanowanzoita zvinogadzirisa sangano rezvehutano rinokurumidza.

Patakavaka AFEM, taireva kubatsira kubatsira kuvaka hurumende yepamusoro yezvokurapa munyika dzeAfrica. Kana imwe nhepfenyuro yezvehutano inokurumidzira yakavakwa, ipapo nyika imwe neimwe inogona kukura mapurogiramu ayo. Iye zvino, nyika dze8 muAfrica dzine hurumende dzehutano hwekukurumidzira, uye ndinofunga 9 ine mishonga inoshandiswa pakarepo. Nhamba idzi dziri kukurudzira uye zvinhu zviri kukura kunyange nekukurumidza, uye gore roga roga, nyika itsva muAfrica iri kuenderera mberi. Kunyange zvazvo kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika kune nyika dze60 umo mushonga wekukurumidzira unozivikanwa sehumwe hunokosha, tinotarisira kuti mumakore anotevera 15 Africa ichakwanisa kutanga nguva itsva yemishonga inokurumidzira nekuda kwekukura uku. "

Rimwe dambudziko nderokusiyana kweAfrica Nyika. Ko rurimi nemitauro zvinogona sei kuva zvipingamupinyi zvekusimudzira?

"Diversity chinhu chinokosha chatinofanira kutora, kufanana mitauro yakasiyana, dialects uye tsika. Zvisinei, kana tikavatarisa, tinogona kuona kuti ivo vakafanana zvakanyanya kupfuura zvinoshamisa. Kubva muAfrica kune kuwedzera kwemamiriyoni uye a kuparadzira epidemiological mamiriro ezvinhu kupfuura mamwe maguta eWestern Countries, hazvisi zvakanyanya 100% zvakasiyana, kwete kunyange 50%, uye nokuti zvekutevedzera yakavakwa kuti iwirirane kazhinji kunyika dzakawanda.

Mune nzvimbo apo iyi yakagadzirwa, pane ikozvino mazano. Somuenzaniso, kazhinji, pamatambudziko e700, 200 ndiyo matambudziko evanhu vose, asi imwe 500 ndeyako uye zviri kwauri kuti uzvione. Munyika dzakawanda dzeAfrica, kunyanya, iwe unofanirawo kuremekedza tsika dzavo. Kunenge 30% yenyika inofanira kudzorerwa mune zvose, panguva 70% inenge iine chimiro.

Tatoziva zvimwe kana zvishoma vanachiremba ndinofanira kuita, chii icho dhipatimendi rinokurumidza Inofanira kutaridzika senge, zano rekuti hwakawanda sei Hurumende hunofanirwa kubatanidzwa, uye izvo zvikwaniriso zvekutarisira. Saka takaisa pamwe chete chidzidzo pamushonga wekukurumidzira weAfrican Federation. Kharikhulamu ndiyo yaunofanira kudzidzisa uye tsika yeAfrican ingangoita muenzaniso International Federation of Emergency Medicine uye makore 10 apfuura takagadzirisa masvomeri vadzidzi vezvechiremba, vanachiremba uye nokuda Specialty training.

Saka takaita a skeleton curriculum uye kune avo vanoshuvakira kuvaka ikharikhulamu munyika, vanogona kutevedzera AFEM kharikhulamu. Iyo AFEM inoshandisa iyo chidzidzo uye ichishandura iyo zvishoma zvishoma kune iyo mamiriro eAfrica nekuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana kupfuura muEurope kana North America, kutanga kubva kune zviwanikwa zvinowanikwa muNyika dzakawanda dzeWestern zvakasiyana chaizvo muAfrica. Ivo vanogona kuziva nzira yekununura kutarisira kwakakwirira mushure mekunge vadzidziswa nekidzidzo iyi, asi vangave vasina kukwanisa kuzviita, nokuti vangangodaro vane matambudziko akawanda mukati iye dhipatimendi rekukurumidzira, saka dzidzo inofanira kuchinjwa maererano nezvinodiwa. Kana uri kutanga chirongwa chekudzidzisa iwe unofunga kuchinja zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai sezita remishonga. IFEM pamwe chete neAFEM yave iri kushanda pamwe chete ne WHO kuitira kuti tive nekuparadzanisa kwakanaka kwekutarisirwa kwekukurumidzira. Kushanda neWHO, IFEM neAAFEM vakagadzira ikozvino zvishandiso zvekuongorora kuti vabvumire chikumbiro chepamutemo chiri pedyo nechipatara; wHat mamiriro ekukurumidzira ekugadziriswa kwemishonga iwe uri ikozvino? Rudzii rwe midziyo unoda here? Kamwe maitiro achinge asimbiswa neWHO anova epasi rose. ”

Muchiitiko ichi chinenge chichifunga nezvekuchengetwa kwechipatara chisati chaitika, nzvimbo ipi inoita mabasa emagulance?

"Kusiyana kukuru kwatinofanirwa kuderedza ndeyekuti ambulance service inongova chikamu che prehospital care system. Zvatiri kuedza kuvakira ruzivo muAfrica ndiyo chain of care. Kunyanya, the chain of survival. Nyaya ndeyikuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo, pane zvimwe ambulances (kana motokari) iyo inounza kutarisira kwekutanga, asi nhengo dzevarwi dzimwe nguva dzisina kudzidziswa kutarisana nenjodzi ivo vari kutumira, kana kuti zvichida havatombozivi kuti vangashandisa sei zvigadzirwa. Uyezve, mashoma mashoma uye zvivako anoita kuti basa iri rive rakaoma.

Ambulance kuchengetedza chikamu chekukurumidzira uye kushungurudzika asi haufaniri kuva chinhu chekutanga chatinofanira kutarisa. Tinofanira kufunga pamusoro pazvo chirongwa chekuchengetedza chirango se piramidi, uye rimwe nerimwe bhanhire rine nguva yake yekupedzisa. Somuenzaniso, mamwe mabasa anogona kutorawo makore kuti apedze. Uye zvechokwadi kana zvichatora makore gumi, haungatarisiri kwemakore gumi kuita izvozvo, iwe unogona kutanga ikozvino. Zvinowanzoitika apo vakawanda pavanofunga nezvekukurumidzira vanofunga nezvehutambi hwebasa. Isu tine hurukuro iyi nenyika dzakawanda apo hurumende yakatitaurira uye yakati iine zvikepe zveku ambulensi kuti zvipiwe uye kana tikakwanisa kuvaka basa rekukurumidzira. Zvisinei, hazvisi nyore.

EMS muAfrica: kukosha kwemamishini yeambulensi uye nevanhu vakadzidziswa

Ambulance inofanira kuuya yechipiri mune izvi nokuti mibvunzo ndeyikuti: ndiani ari kushanda ikoko? Ndechipi chemidziyo yaunayo? Vanhu ava vanodzidziswa here? Uyewo nokuti tinofanira kufunga kuti kune 70% yevarwere vanouya zvipatara zvisina ambulensi. Vanowanzouya voga. Zvikonzero zvinogona kuva zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana, zvinetso hazvirevi zvakanyanya, vanogara munzvimbo dziri kure, vanongotora mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Zvisinei, chokwadi chechokwadi ndechekuti vanhu vashomanana vanoshandisa basa reku ambulensi. Ndicho chikonzero nei chinhu chakakosha chirikuvandudza uye, pane dzimwe nzvimbo, inogadzira nekunyatsotarisa nzira yose yekuchengetedza.

Kudzidzisa vadzidzisi, kudzidzisa vadzidzisi. Iyi ndiyo nzira yokutanga. Tinogona kuita izvi muchipatara, kana yunivhesiti, kana kunyange mune imwe nzira yakapararira munyika yose ine mapurogiramu chaiwo. Saka vanachiremba mukuvhiya vanogona kudzidza kuva vanachiremba mune imwe nguva yekukurumidzira nokuti vanogona kufarira kuuya nemishonga yeEE, asi vangave vasingazive chirwere chepamusoro chechipatara. Saka tinokwanisa kudzidzisa hurumende yekutanga uye vadzidzisi ava vanotanga kudzidzisa vanhu vavo uye tinogona kuvabatsira kuti vaise zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa.

Basa reAmbulance harisi danho rokutanga raunofunga kuti rakarurama kutora. Mune dzimwe nyika, kune ambulensi yemabasa, saSt. John Ambulance, Red Cross, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Saka ikozvino, ndezvipi zvinoitika zvinofanira kutorwa munyika umo zvinhu izvi zvichishanda? Izvo hazviiti kuti tive nekunzwisisa kuva neruzivo rwema ambulensi yese kana iwe usina dambudziko rakanaka. Zvinhu zvechokwadi muAfrica zvakasiyana zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, muCape Town, kune maitiro akanaka kwazvo emabasa ekukurumidza. Vamwe vanomhanya nehurumende, vamwe vari voga. Asi huwandu hwemabasa ekukurumidzira muAfrica hwakazara zvakanyanya. Kwatinofanira kutanga-kwatinofunga kuti zviri nani kutanga-ndekubva kuvaka dambudziko remasangano.

Tinofanira kuyeuka kuti chete 30% yevanhu inouya kuchipatara ine ambulensi. Kunyanya muAfrica, uko pasina hutano hwepamberi uye vanhu vanorarama kupfuura maminitsi 30 kubva kuchipatara chiri pedyo, saka vanofanira kufamba kana kutyaira motokari, mabhasikoro kuti vasvike. Apo pandaishanda muIndia, ndakawana matambudziko akafanana uye takaita basa rakanaka ikoko. Iwe unogona kupinda muchipatara muAfrica uye inosvika pakuva ER chete. Hazvisi nyore kuziva zivo, unyanzvi asi iyo nzvimbo apo vanhu vanoziva kuti vanofanira kuenda ikoko. Saka patinoziva kuti masvingo e4 sechipatara tinotanga kudzidzisa vanhu ipapo, kuitira kuti zvive zvisina kungova nzvimbo iyo kuchengetwa kunowanikwa asi nzvimbo iyo mukoti navanachiremba vanogona kudzidza kudziita. "

EMS Africa: ndeipi matanho ekutanga erojekiti uye yasvika kupi?

"Vanhu vanobatanidzwa kana vanofarira kuva mumatambudziko kana ma ambulensi, vanofanirwa kuziva kuti pane vanhu vakawanda vanoziva kwete ivo chete nyanzvi mune EM uye nhamo dzekukurumidzira asi vanhu vane nyanzvi mukuvaka hurongwa munyika. Vanhu vanobva kumativi ose enyika vanokudzidzisa iwe kuvaka dambudziko rezvehutano rinokurumidza kana pasina, kuti ungazviita sei pane chimwe chinhu chiripo. Mumakore gumi aya, ruzivo rwe AFEM rwakakwanisa kugadzira hutsva huri nani hweEEM munyika dzakawanda dzeAfrica. Somuenzaniso, ikozvino Tanzania ine mapurogiramu ekudzidzisa a2, Ghana ine 4 neKenya ine 2. Uye zvakaoma zvikuru. Dzimwe nguva zviri nyore kuvaka shanduro yose uko pasina. "