Kugadziriswa kwekukurumidzira mumahotera kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza chero nguva kana zvichiitika. Jordan ari kutora matanho ekuchenjera kuti akwanise kubata nekukunda emergency mumahotera pazvakaitika.

Pazasi isu tichataura nezve kuzivikanwa kwengozi huru dzinogona kuitika nekuisa mahotera eJordanian mune zve emergency uye tsaona. Iyo nyaya iri kuongorora nezvekugadzirira kwekukurumidza kwemahotera, maitiro avo uye nekukunda kwekukurumidzira, uye zvisingakwanisi kana zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuronga kwekukurumidzira.

Mune ino chinyorwa, isu tichazotaurira izvo mamaneja kubva kumatatu-, mana- uye mashanu-nyeredzi mahotera muAmman nePetra akataura nezve hurongwa hwekugadzirira zvechimbichimbi muzvivakwa zvavo. Mhedzisiro yakaratidza izvo Mahotera eJordani ari pachena kune dzakasiyana-siyana njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga uye dzakagadzirwa nevanhu. Mune nyaya yekukurumidza kugadzirira, Mahotera mahotera kushaya proactive emergency kuronga uye seti yezvipingamupinyi zvinotadzisa kubudirira kuronga kwekukurumidzira panjodzi. Izvi zvinosimbisa pane chakakodzera chinzvimbo chevane mvumo kumisikidza manejimendi kumahotera kuvabvumidza kutora zviitiko izvi, nokudaro vanokwanisa kuzviita nekukurumidzira.

Kugadziriswa kwekukurumidzira uye kugadzirisa njodzi muJoridhani: kudzivirira sei kuuraya kukuru

Kutarisana nenjodzi rave nyaya yakakosha sevatambi vanokosha vanotsvaga nzira dzekumirisana nezviitiko izvi zvisingatarisirwi, izvo zvinokonzeresa kutyisidzira kwekugona kwemasangano evaeni (Ref. Mitroff, 2004), uye zvinogadzira matambudziko akawanda kune ayo akazvimirira neveruzhinji zvikamu (Ref. Prideaux, 2004).

Kash naDarling (Ref. 1998) akataura kuti musimboti wekugadziriswa kwenjodzi iri mukutarisa huwandu hwazvino hwekuronga njodzi uye kugadzirira muindasitiri yekugamuchira vaeni, uye kuongorora hukama pakati pezvakarongeka zvinhu (mhando, saizi, uye makore), zviitiko zvekugadzirira njodzi uye kugadzirira kwechimbichimbi.

Mahotera eJordani ane ruzivo a mafungu enjodzi uye emergency mumakumi maviri apfuura. Pakazara, iyo nguva kubva ku2000 kusvika parizvino yakakanganiswa ne njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga uye dzakagadzirwa nevanhu, nekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika kuMiddle East zvinokanganisa mahotera eJordanian zvisina kunaka (Ref. Ali & Ali, 2011). Kubva munaGunyana 11, 2001, zviitiko zvegandanga zvikuru zvakanangana neindasitiri yekugamuchira vaenzi pasi rose, kusanganisira mbiri dzakaitwa muJordani (Rif. Paraskevas & Arendell, 18).

Tsvagurudzo iyi inoda Ziva emergency izvo zvakaitika muindasitiri yehotera muJoridhani kuongorora mahotera kugadzirira kwechimbichimbi munguva yakapfuura, uye kuongorora kuti mahotera anoshanda nekukunda sei emergency dzakadai; uye zvisingakwanisi zvakasangana nemahotera; Munda wekudzidza uchinge uchinge uchinge uchisanganisirwa muMiddle East mamiriro akawanzo uye mumahotera eJordani zvakananga.

 

Kugadzirira kwekukurumidzira: kuronga kunoreva kusadzora njodzi!

Emergency management inogona kuva chinetso chikuru kubhizimusi chero ripi zvaro, kunyanya indasitiri yekugamuchira vaenzi maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu akashata kubva pakuona chiitiko chekukurumidzira kure nekumba (Ref. Stahura and unto., 2012). Nyanzvi dzakapokana kuti mamaneja ekukurumidzira anofanirwa kusarudza yakanakisa mhando kana nzira yekugadzirira kana achigadzirira, kuita, uye kupora kubva kune emergency mamiriro.

Quarantelli (Ref. 1970) akataurwa pakuenderera mberi kwekutsvagurudza izvo kuronga hakusi kugadzirisa njodzi, uye njodzi dzinozoitika hadzisi dzekudzokorora zvekare. Drabek (Ref. 1995) akaongorora mwero wekugadzirira nekukurumidza uye kurongedza kwekushanyirwa kwemabhizinesi evashanyi kuti awone mhedzisiro yekuronga pakugadzirira, mauto, uye chidzidzo chakadzidzwa sehurongwa hwekuita, anotarisira, nekutaurirana.

Hunhu hwekuronga kwekukurumidzira hunofanirwa kutariswa, kuongororwa, uye kuvandudzwa nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Kutanga, manejimendi manejimendi haisati iri basa rakazara (Ref. Crews, 2001), nekushaikwa kwekudzidziswa kwakakwana uye ruzivo rwehunyanzvi kune vanoronga zvechimbichimbi. Chechipiri, kusagadzikana mukuronga zvechimbichimbi kunomutsa kusawirirana pakati pemaitiro uye zviwanikwa zviripo muchiyero pamwe nezvinodiwa zvechimbi-chimbi. Chechitatu, kuronga zvechimbi-chimbi kunofanirwa kunge kuri kuenderera mberi, nekuti zvazove zvimire zvichachinjwa kuti zvive zvisina basa (Ref. RW Perry & Lindell, 2003).

Zvirongwa zvakanaka uye zvikwata zvakakosha zvinodiwa kuti mupukunyuke kubva kunjodzi. Basa rakaoma uye sarudzo dzakawanda dzakaoma dzakakosha pakubata nekukurumidza. Kubva pakupera kwenguva yekukurumidzira kusvika pakumiswazve kweiyo tambo yekudzora emergency emergency kunosanganisira zvese kuedza kubata, kutonga uye kudzoka kubva kunjodzi mamiriro.

Kukurumidza kubuda. Vanhu vakaremara kana vakakuvara vanogona kuve nematambudziko ekutiza chivakwa. Ndokusaka mahotera, sekumwe zvivakwa zveveruzhinji, achifanirwa kugara achigadzirwa zvishandiso kurudyi kana paine emergency.

 

Maitiro ekugadzirisa njodzi

Mukumuka kwenjodzi, manejimendi ekuchengetedza zviwanikwa uye kugovera kwakakosha maererano nematambudziko akatarisana nemahotera mune pre-, pakati- uye post-emergency-yakavakirwa pafuratifomu yesangano, timu irikubata nekukurumidzira (Ref. Burritt, 2002).

Mune izwi reFink (Ref. 1986) maitiro ekugadzirisa njodzi, manejimendi manejimendi anofanira kutanga njodzi isati yaitika uye isati yaruma pane iyo hotera indasitiri. Emergency management inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvina: Prodromal, Acute, Chronic, uye Kugadzirisa. Akasimbisa kuti nyevero yekutanga yenjodzi kunyange dzakadzokororwa njodzi dzakaoma kuziva. Kufamba kubva kune prodromal kuenda kune akanyanya nhanho, njodzi inotanga kukonzera kukuvara uye kurasikirwa, iyo yekugadzirira emergency emergency uye kubudirira kwekuita nezvekukurumidzira kunogona kupedzerwa kukurasikirwa degree. Kusiyana neizvi, chikamu chisingaperi chinobvumira sangano kupora kubva munjodzi uye dzidza kubva kune masimba uye kushaya simba muchirongwa chekupindura kwechimbichimbi.

Mumuenzaniso wake, Roberts (Ref. 1994) akatsanangura nhanho ina dzekugadzirisa njodzi. The pre-chiitiko chikamu uko kuedza kwekuderedza kukanganisa uye kugadzirira njodzi inogona kuitika. In nhanho yekukurumidzira, njodzi inoitika uye zviito zvichatorwa kuzonunura nekuponesa vanhu nezvivakwa. Mu nhanho yepakati, mahotera anopa zvirongwa zvenguva pfupi zvekudzosera mabasa anokosha uye kukurumidza nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Pakupedzisira, iyo yenguva refu ndipo panogadziriswa zvigadzirwa uchishandisa nzira dzakareba, uye wedzera hurongwa hwekukurumidzira kunotevera kugadzirira kwechimbichimbi.

 

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zve emergency?

Vapinduri vakakumbirwa kuti vatsanangure mhando uye hukuru hwekukurumidzira kwakaitika mumahotera avo mune yesteryear.

Zvakawanikwa zvakaratidza kuti Mahotera eJordanian vakatyisidzirwa kusimuka kwakawanda uye kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika kuMiddle East. Zvakawanikwa zvakaratidzawo kuti kwehugandanga, Amman bhomba 2005, mbiri yevarwere veLibya, matambudziko emari, mutero, denda, kushandurwa kwevashandi, uye kutyisidzirwa kwezvakasarudzika kwakazivikanwa sedambudziko rakakura rakatarisana nemahotera eJordanian.

Zvakawanikwa zvakaratidzawo izvozvo moto, kusagadziriswa kwekuchengetedza manejimendi, michina yekudzivirira yepasi-pasi, uye gadziriso dzisina kusimba ndezvimwe zvezvakangoerekana zvaitika yakatarisana neindasitiri yemahotera muJoridhani ine mhedzisiro yakaipa pabhizinesi rekugamuchira vaenzi, maindasitiri ane hukama, uye hupfumi hwenyika. Vakapindura vakaodzwa mwoyo pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvakaitwa nehurumende yeLibya zvekugamuchira uye kugamuchira murwere akakuvara zvizere. bhodhi mumahotera eJordani achivavimbisa kubhadhara marivhoisi mukati memazuva gumi nemana; vanogumisa kuti kusvika ikozvino vanongogamuchira kwete kupfuura 14% kubva kumari yavo mushure mekutevedzana kwekuongorora uye kuderedzwa kubva kumakomiti eLibya. Uyezve, mutengo wakakwira wesimba, mutero wakakwira uye kudzvanywa pamasevhisi.

 

Mukupedzisira, kugadzirira kwekukurumidzira uye kugadzirisa njodzi ndiko kiyi

Jorodhani yakazotevera kurohwa nenjodzi dzakasiyana siyana uye emergency. Kuratidzira indasitiri yehotera iri panjodzi yeku zviitiko zvine njodzi mukati mekunze nharaunda. Izvi zvakakonzeresa kudenha kwakanyanya muVatambi vanosvika uye mari. Zviitiko zvinokurukurwa kutsvagurudza izvi zvinofumura njodzi dzinokanganisa indasitiri yemahotera muJordani makumi mashoma apfuura, izvo zvinokanganisa donhwe reindasitiri kuJordanian GDP uye inoratidza huwandu hwekuwedzera hupfumi.

Tsvagiridzo iyi inosimbisawo kuti rudzi rweasangano, zera, uye saizi zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya kuronga kwakasimba pasinei nekuti kana sangano rakatarisana nenjodzi isati yasvika kana kwete. Kugadzirira kwekukurumidzira uye yakagadziriswa emergency emergency nekuziva kwemaneja kuchabatsira indasitiri yekugamuchira vaeni kupa zviwanikwa zvinodiwa, pamwe nekudzidziswa kunoshanda kudzivirira kana kuderedza njodzi. Kuchengetedza kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza masisitimu ndeye germane yekuchengetedza hupenyu hwevaeni uye nzvimbo dzekugamuchira. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswawo sechishandiso chishandiso kune vaenzi uye musangano musangano. Chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kwazvo kuti unzwisise maitiro ari kubuda kuti aderedze mhedzisiro uye agadzirire musati dambudziko risingataurike.

Uyezve, kuderedza kurasikirwa panguva kubuda pakaitika njodzi. Kuronga kunobata proactive kunofanirwa kuve kuripo padanho rehurumende uye kudzidza kubva zvakapfuura kukunda mhedzisiro yezviitiko zvakadaro. Zvine kusuwa, chidzidzo ichi chakawana dereliction yekuita hurongwa hwekukurumidzira neve indasitiri makiyi vatambi.

 

VERENGA ROPA RENYAYA ACADEMIA.EDU

 

MUNYORI WEMAHARA

Dr Ahmad Rasmi Albattat - Mutevedzeri Purofesa muPost Graduate Center, Management uye Science.

Dr Ahmad R. Albattat, Mutevedzeri Muzvinafundo muPost Graduate Center, Management uye Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Iye ari mushanyi Purofesa uye muongorori wekunze muMedan Academy ye Tourism (Akpar Medan). Ane degree rekubata muHospitality Management kubva kuYunivhesiti Sain Malaysia (USM). Akashanda saMubatsiri Professor, Amoni Applied University College, Amman, Jordan. Mudzidzisi Mukuru uye murongi wekutsvagisa muChikoro cheKugamuchira Vaeni neUnyanzvi Hwounyanzvi, manejimendi neSainzi University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, uye Mutsvagiri kuSustainable Tourism Research Cluster (STRC), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Aive achishandira indasitiri yeJordanian yekugamuchira vaenzi kwemakore gumi nemanomwe. Akatora chikamu uye akapa mapepa ekutsvagisa mumisangano yakati wandei yezvidzidzo yakaitirwa kuMalaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, neJorodani. Iye inhengo inoshingairira yeSainzi uye Edhisheni Yekuongorora Bhodhi pane Kugamuchira Vaeni manejimendi, hotera, kushanya, zviitiko, kuronga zvechimbichimbi, manejimendi manejimendi. (APJIHT), International Journal yeEconomics uye Management (IJEAM), AlmaTourism, Chinyorwa cheKushanya, Tsika nekusimudzira kwenzvimbo, International Journal of Tourism uye Sustainable Community Development. Mabasa ake achangoburwa aburitswa mune akapihwa marezheni epasi rese, mafambiro emusangano, mabhuku uye zvitsauko zvemabhuku.

 

 

 

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