Izinselelo nempumelelo: uhambo lwabesifazane Abacimi bomlilo eYurophu
Kusukela Kumaphayona Akuqala Kuya Ochwepheshe Banamuhla: Uhambo Lokungena Emlandweni kanye Nezinselele Zamanje Zabesifazane Abacishamlilo eYurophu.
Amaphayona Nezindlela Zomlando
Abesifazane badlale indima esebenzayo ku izinsiza zokucisha umlilo kudala ngaphambi kokukholelwa okuvamile. Ku Europe, isibonelo sokuqala seqembu lezicishamlilo labesifazane sisukela emuva 1879 at Girton Collegee-United Kingdom. Leli thimba, ngokuyinhloko elakhiwe ngabafundi besifazane, lahlala likhuthele kwaze kwaba ngu-1932, lenza izivivinyo zokucisha umlilo kanye nezinqubo zokuhlenga. Ku Germany futhi, ngo-1896, iqembu labesifazane abangu-37 lakha ibutho lezicishamlilo Bischberg, I-Upper Franconia.
Izithiyo Nezinselele Zanamuhla
Owesifazane wanamuhla abacimi bomlilo ubuso obuyingqayizivele izinselelo eziphathelene nobulili, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwezobuchwepheshe. Inhlolovo yamazwe ngamazwe ehilela Abacimimlilo besifazane abangama-840 abavela emazweni ayi-14 uveze ukuthi izicishamlilo zesifazane eNyakatho Melika zibike izehlakalo eziphakeme zokulimala ezithweni ezingezansi nezingaphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifunda zomzimba. Ukwengeza, u-39% wabahlanganyeli banomuzwa wokuthi kwabo umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini or menopause kube nomthelela omubi emsebenzini wabo. Kukhona futhi ukushoda isivikelo somuntu siqu esiqondene nobulili imishini, ngokutholakala okuphezulu kakhulu e-United Kingdom (66%) uma kuqhathaniswa nesampula esimaphakathi (42%).
Ukuqashelwa Nenqubekelaphambili
Naphezu kwalezi zinkinga, abesifazane abaningi baye bazuza amaphuzu abalulekile enkundleni yezicishamlilo. Isibonelo, ngo-2023, Sari Rautiala ikhethwe njengeSicimi Somlilo Sonyaka e-Finland, indondo ebambe iqhaza ekwandiseni ukubonakala okuhle komkhakha wokutakula. E-United Kingdom, UNicola Lown uqokwe njengoMongameli weKhomishana ye-CTIF Yabesifazane Abasemisebenzini Yomlilo kanye Nezokuhlenga.
Sibheke Ekusasa Elilinganayo Ngobulili
Intuthuko ebheke ekulinganeni kobulili okukhulu ezinsizeni zokucisha umlilo eYurophu iyaqhubeka. Izinyathelo ezifana nokudalwa kwe ubulili-hlangothi ukushintsha izikhungo eSweden kanye nocwaningo oluthile ngezidingo zabesifazane abacishamlilo kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile eziya endaweni yokusebenza ebandakanya wonke umuntu futhi ephephile. Lezi zenzo azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kanye nenhlalakahle yabacimi bomlilo besifazane kodwa futhi zifaka isandla ekwakheni okwengeziwe omele futhi esebenza kahle isevisi yokucisha umlilo.
Imithombo