Ukuqala lapho ukhuluma nge-EMS e-Afrika? Sisetshenziselwa ukucabanga ngama-ERs nezinsizakalo ze-ambulensi njengesisekelo sanoma yisiphi isimo esiphuthumayo. Kodwa-ke, kumele basebenze kahle ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okusebenzayo futhi kulula ukusho kunokuba kwenziwe.

I-EMS emhlabeni jikelele: inkinga yangempela yezinye izindawo zomhlaba, njenge-EMS e-Afrika, uhlelo. Ngaphandle kohlelo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo olusebenzayo, insizakalo yama-ambulensi, iminyango yezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nezinsiza azikwazi ukusebenza ngendlela efanele, futhi ngaphandle kohlelo olufanele lwemfundo noqeqesho, ngubani ozosebenza ohlelweni? Futhi, ngubani ozosebenza ku- ama-ambulensi?

Yonke yale mibuzo ixhomeke komunye umbuzo oyingqayizivele: kanjani ongakwenza? Saxoxa nabo UProfesa Terrence Mulligan, Co-founder kanye noMongameli we-IFEM Foundation, obambe inkomfa ngesikhathi Imbukiso yezeMpilo ye-Afrika 2019 mayelana Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemithi Ephuthumayo Emhlabeni Wonke.

Sinjani isimo se-EMS e-Afrika?

"Ngaqeqeshwa e-US ku-Emergency Medicine. Kukhona ama-6 noma ama-7 amazwe imithi yokwelashwa ephuthumayo ithuthukiswe ngokugcwele, amanye amazwe amaningi aphakathi kokuthuthukiswa, kuyilapho iningi lamazwe liqala noma lingakaqali, njengezifunda zase-Afrika. Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa ku Isazi sezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, Ngibuye ngithole ukuqeqeshwa okulandelayo ngemuva indlela yokusetha uhlelo.

Ezikoleni eziningi, zifundisa indlela yokunakekela iziguli kodwa azifundisi indlela yokwakha uhlelo, ngakho-ke olunye uhlobo lwekhono. Kunjalo, ukunakekela iziguli kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa futhi ukwazi ukusetha a uhlelo lokuqeqesha, ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani izinhlaka zikaHulumeni kaZwelonke, ukuthi uzothola kanjani ukuqashelwa okukhethekile kanye nezinto ezifana nezimali nezindlela zezimali zomshuwalense, isibonelo. Futhi ngezinqubomgomo zomthetho, imithetho yezempilo. Ungase ube nezimpendulo kunoma yiziphi izinkambu zemithi ephuthumayo. Ngakho ukwakha uhlelo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo lufana ukwakha uhlelo ohlelweni.

Ngaphakathi kanye nendawo onayo abantu ukuphatha nodokotela imfundo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, unolwazi indlela yokuqhuba umnyango ophuthumayo, kanjani ukusetha a Uhlelo lokuqeqesha. Ukuthuthukiswa ku ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphuthumayo uya ngaphesheya kokwazi ukunakekelwa ngokwayo. Ihlanganisa yonke uhlelo.

Ubandakanyeka kanjani ekuthuthukiseni ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwamazwe kulo lonke elase-Afrika?

Ngangenela Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphuthumayo yase-Afrika, esebenza Iningizimu Afrika lapho ku-2004 ngiqale khona futhi singathola izinhlelo eziphambili kakhulu ezweni lonke lase-Afrika. Ngabasiza ekwakheni izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kodwa futhi nokuphatha nokuphathwa nokunikeza ezinye izinto ukuqeqeshwa okuphambili. Kodwa lapho ngiqala nabo, babengekho isinyathelo zero. Njengoba esebenze nabo isikhathi eside, ku-2008 imisiwe African Federation of Emergency Medicine (AFEM) futhi kwaqala ngomsebenzi wokuba umphakathi wemiphakathi ephuthumayo. Ubani lo msebenzi wonke? Yimaphi amazwe aklanyelwe ukuqala ukwakha uhlelo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo? Ubani obangela lo msebenzi? Izimpendulo zingaba ngamaphayona amancane, kodwa lokho okuvame ukukwenza ukusetha umphakathi wezokwelapha eziphuthumayo.

Lapho sakha i-AFEM, sasihlose ukusiza ukwakha umphakathi wezimo eziphuthumayo emazweni ase-Afrika. Uma nje kwakhiwa imiphakathi yezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, izwe ngalinye lingathuthukisa izinhlelo zalo. Manje, amazwe e-8 e-Afrika anemiphakathini yezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi i-9 inezici eziphuthumayo zokwelapha. Izibalo zikhuthaza futhi izinto zikhula ngokushesha, futhi ngonyaka ngamunye, izwe elisha e-Afrika liyaqhubeka. Ngenkathi kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba kunamazwe e-60 lapho imithi ephuthumayo ibhekwa njengezikhethekile, sithemba ukuthi eminyakeni elandelayo ye-15 i-Afrika izokwazi ukuqala inkathi entsha yomuthi ophuthumayo ngenxa yalokhu kuthuthukiswa. "

Enye ubunzima ukuhlukahluka kwamazwe ase-Afrika. Yeka ukuthi ulimi namasiko kungaba kanjani izithiyo zokumiswa?

"Diversity kuyigugu okufanele sicabangele, njengaye izilimi ezahlukene, izilimi futhi amasiko. Kodwa-ke, uma sibabheka, singathola ukuthi zifana kakhulu kunokusabalalisa ngokumangalisayo. Kusukela e-Afrika kunezibalo ezikhulayo ze-demography kanye a ukusakaza isimo se-epidemiological kunamanye amadolobha aseMelika aseNtshonalanga, akuyona i-100% ehlukile, ngisho ne-50%, futhi ngenxa yokuthi imihlahlandlela zakhiwa ngokuvumelana namazwe amaningi kakhulu.

Endaweni lapho lokhu kuthuthukisiwe, sekukhona izixazululo. Isibonelo, ngokuvamile, ezinkingeni ze-700, i-200 yizinkinga zomuntu wonke, kuyilapho enye i-500 ingeyakho kuphela futhi ikuwe ukuthi uyibhale. Emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, ikakhulukazi, kufanele futhi bahloniphe amasiko abo. Cishe i-30% yamazwe kufanele ivuselelwe kuzo zonke izici, ngenkathi I-70% isivele inesilinganiso.

Sisazi kakade ukuthi yini odokotela kufanele ukwenze, yikuphi umnyango ophuthumayo kufanele ibukeke, umbono wokuthi kungakanani uHulumeni okufanele abambe iqhaza, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo okufanele uzilindele. Ngakho-ke sahlanganisa ikharikhulamu emithini ephuthumayo ye-African Federation. Ikharikhulamu yilokho okudingeka ukufundise futhi ikharikhulamu yase-Afrika icishe ibe yimodeli yayo International Federation of Emergency Medicine futhi eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule senze amakhoriji abafundi bezokwelapha, odokotela futhi ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile.

Ngakho senza skeleton curriculum futhi kulabo abafisa ukwakha ikharikhulamu ezweni, bangalingisa ikharikhulamu ye-AFEM. I-AFEM isebenzisa leyo kharikhulamu bese iyishintsha kancane ngesimo sase-Afrika ngoba kwezinye izindawo yehlukile kunaseYurophu noma eNyakatho Melika, kusukela kwizinsiza ezitholakala emazweni amaningi aseNtshonalanga kwehluke kakhulu e-Afrika. Bangahle bazi ukuthi bazohamba kanjani ukunakekelwa okusezingeni eliphezulu ngemuva kokufundiswa lekharikhulamu, kodwa kungenzeka bangakwazi ukukwenza, ngoba kungase kube nezinkinga eziningi kuphela ngaphakathi komnyango ophuthumayo, ngakho-ke ikharikhyulamu kumele iguqulwe ngokwezidingo. Uma uqala uhlelo lokuqeqesha kufanele ucabangele ukushintsha ezinye izici, njengegama lemithi. I-IFEM kanye ne-AFEM ibilokhu isebenza eceleni WHO ukuze wakhe ukuhlukaniswa okulungile kokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo. Ukusebenza ne-WHO, i-IFEM ne-AFEM sebedale amathuluzi okuhlola manje ukuze kuvunyelwe isicelo esisemthethweni esiseduze esibhedlela; wHat isimo sokuthuthuka kwemithi yezimo eziphuthumayo usunje? Hlobo luni lwe imishini uyakudinga? Lapho izinqubo seziqinisekisiwe yi-WHO ziqala ukubeka embusweni emhlabeni jikelele. ”

Kule ntuthuko ezogxila ekunakekeleni kwangaphambi kwesibhedlela, imaphi imisebenzi ye-ambulensi?

"Umehluko omkhulu okumelwe siwugcizelele yilokho isevisi ye-ambulensi iyingxenye yesistimu yokunakekela i-prehospital kuphela. Lokho esizama ukwakha ulwazi e-Afrika yiyona ukhathalela. Ngokuyinhloko, i chain of survival. Indaba yilezi: kwezinye izindawo, kungenzeka ama-ambulensi (noma izithuthuthu) okuletha ukunakekelwa kokuqala, kodwa Amalungu ezisebenzi angase aqeqeshelwe ukubhekana nokuphuthumayo bahambisa, noma mhlawumbe abazi ukuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani imishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimbalwa izinsiza nezinsiza kwenza le nqubo ibe nzima nakakhulu.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-ambulance kuyingxenye yokukhathazeka okuphuthumayo nokuhlukunyezwa kodwa akufanele kube yinto yokuqala esizogxila kuyo. Kumelwe sicabange ngakho uhlelo lokunakekelwa kweziphuthumayo njengepiramidi, futhi i-block ngalinye inesikhathi sayo sokuqedwa. Isibonelo, eminye imisebenzi ingathatha futhi iminyaka ukuqeda. Futhi-ke uma kuzothatha iminyaka eyishumi, ngeke ulinde iminyaka eyishumi ukwenza lokho, ungaqala manje. Kwenzeka njalo ukuthi lapho abaningi becabanga ngokuphuthumayo bacabanga ngenkonzo ye-ambulensi. Sinezingxoxo namazwe amaningi lapho uHulumeni esithintane khona futhi wathi banemikhumbi ye-ambulensi yokunikela futhi uma singakha isevisi esiphuthumayo. Nokho, akulula kakhulu.

I-EMS e-Afrika: ukubaluleka kwemishini yama-ambulensi nabantu abaqeqeshiwe

Ama-ambulensi kumele eze ngaphansi kule nqubo ngoba imibuzo yilezi: ngubani ozosebenza lapho? Uhlobo luni lwemishini onayo? Ingabe laba bantu baqeqeshwe? Futhi ngoba kufanele sicabange ukuthi cishe i-70% yeziguli zifika izibhedlela ngaphandle kwe-ambulensi. Zivame ukuza zodwa. Izizathu zingaba ziningi futhi zihluke, izinkinga azizona ezibucayi kakhulu, zihlala ezindaweni ezikude, zivele zingaboni izimo zangempela. Nokho, iqiniso lamaqiniso ukuthi abantu abambalwa basebenzisa isevisi ye-ambulensi. Yingakho into ebalulekile ukuthuthukisa futhi, kwezinye izindawo, yakha ngokuhlola yonke uhlelo lokunakekelwa.

Ukuqeqesha abaqeqeshi, ukufundisa othisha. Yile ndlela okufanele uqale ngayo. Singakwenza lokhu esibhedlela, noma eyunivesithi, noma ngisho nangendlela ehlakazekile ezweni lonke ngezinhlelo ezithile. Ngakho odokotela ekuhlinzekeni bangafunda ukuthi babe odokotela esimweni esiphuthumayo ngoba bangaba nesithakazelo ekuzeni imithi ye-EM, kodwa bangase bangazazi izingane eziphuthumayo. Ngakho-ke singaqeqesha isigaba sokuqala futhi laba baqeqeshi baqala ukuqeqesha abantu babo futhi singabasiza ukuba bahlele lezo zinhlelo zokuqeqesha.

Isevisi ye-ambulensi akuyona isinyathelo sokuqala ocabanga ukuthi sinembile ukuthatha. Kwamanye amazwe, kunezinsizakalo ze-ambulensi, njengeSt. John Ambulance, Red Cross, njalonjalo. Ngakho-ke manje, yiziphi izinyathelo okumelwe zithathwe emazweni lapho lezi zingokoqobo zisebenza? Akukwenzi kube nomqondo wokuthi ube nensizakalo ye-ambulensi enhle uma ungenayo uhlelo oluhle lokuphuthumayo. Izimo e-Afrika zihluka kakhulu. Isibonelo, eKapa, ​​kunezinsiza eziphuthumayo eziphuthumayo kakhulu. Ezinye ziqhutshwa uhulumeni, ezinye ziyimfihlo. Kodwa iningi lezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo e-Afrika zingaphansi kakhulu. Lapho sifuna ukuqala khona-lapho sicabanga ukuthi kungcono ukuqala-kuvela eminyangweni ephuthumayo.

Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi kuphela i-30% yabantu abafika ezibhedlela nge-ambulensi. Ikakhulukazi e-Afrika, lapho kungekho khona izinsizakalo zangaphambi kwesibhedlela futhi abantu baphila ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-30 esibhedlela esiseduze, ngakho-ke kumele bahambe noma baqhume izithuthuthu, amabhayisikili ukuze bafike kuso. Lapho ngisebenza eNdiya, ngathola izinkinga ezifanayo futhi senza umsebenzi omuhle lapho. Ungangena esibhedlela e-Afrika futhi kuvele kube yi-ER kuphela. Akuncane kakhulu ukwazi imishini, ubuchwepheshe kodwa yindawo lapho abantu beqaphela ukuthi kufanele bahambe khona. Ngakho uma sibona lezo zindonga ze-4 njengesibhedlela siqala ukuqeqesha abantu khona lapho, ukuze kwenzeke kube yindawo kuphela lapho kunakekelwa khona kodwa indawo lapho unesi nodokotela bangafunda ukuthi bangayenza kanjani. "

I-EMS Africa: yiziphi izinyathelo zokuqala zephrojekthi futhi ifike kuphi?

"Abantu abathintekayo noma abanesithakazelo sokuba nesimiso sokuhlukunyezwa noma i-ambulensi, kufanele baqaphele ukuthi kunomphakathi omkhulu wabantu abangenazo kuphela ochwepheshe ku-EM nokuhlukunyezwa okuphuthumayo kodwa abantu abanochwepheshe ekwakheni uhlelo ezweni. Abantu abavela emhlabeni wonke okukufundisa ukuthi ungakha kanjani uhlelo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo lapho kungekho lutho, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani lapho kukhona khona kakade. Kule minyaka eyishumi, ubuchwepheshe be-AFEM bukwazi ukudala izinga elisha le-EMS emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika. Isibonelo, manje iTanzania inezinhlelo zokuqeqesha ze-2, i-Ghana ine-4 ne-Kenya ine-2. Futhi kunzima kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kulula ukwakha uhlelo lonke lapho kungekho lutho. "