Njalo lapho ithimba le-ambulensi lifinyelela izimo zezingozi zomgwaqo kufanele liqaphele, ngoba izimpahla eziyingozi zingakhona futhi kungenzeka zingaphephile! Ukuziphatha kanjani?

A izimo eziphuthumayo nomhlengikazi use i-ambulensi ukuze kwenziwe uhlu olujwayelekile lokuhlola. Ngokuphazima kweso esibukweni semoto kuvela uphawu oluthi "CODE RED". Njalo ophethe ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, noma ngubani obhekane nalesi simo angenza into eyodwa kuphela: zama ukuthola imininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka. Sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izingozi zomgwaqo ezinezimpahla eziyingozi ezingavusa nokuthi abantu abaphendulayo kufanele basondele kanjani kubo.

Izingozi zomgwaqo ezinezimpahla eziyingozi: isipiliyoni

Umhlengikazi ubiza Isikhungo seDispatch ngocingo lwensizakalo futhi abosizo lokuqala baqala ukushayela imoto; ngamathoshi aphuthumayo nezinhlabamkhosi zenziwa zasebenza. Umgomo uzama ukufinyelela kulitshe ngaphandle kokufaka engozini wena nokuphepha kwabanye, kepha ngejubane elikhulu.

Isikhungo sokuhambisa siyazisa ukuthi emgwaqweni omkhulu, kubikwa ingozi yemoto ebandakanya izimoto eziningi ngabashayeli bomgwaqo ongaphesheya, kufaka phakathi ithangi elilele eceleni kolunye.

Ukushiya eceleni imininingwane eyisisekelo ku- ukushayela esimweni esiphuthumayo, okuyinto evamile Ifa lawo wonke umshayeli we-ambulensi omuhle, kufanelekile ukuhlola inqubo inqubo mayelana ne-1 km ukusuka endaweni yesehlakalo "sengozi".

Lapho esondela kulo mkhawulo, umshayeli kufanele, ngakhoke:

• UMA KUSUKELA EMOTORWAY - Sebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile zokushayela noma nini lapho kungenzeka futhi unciphise ijubane ukudala ikholomu ngemuva kwemoto futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukufika kwezinye izimoto ngesivinini esikhulu; for ukubuyiselwa emuva noma izingxenye eziphikisayo zomgwaqo zihlala zilindele ubukhona kanye nokugunyazwa kokusetshenziswa koMthetho;
• UMA KUSUKELA E-URBAN NOMA EMRALAL ROADS - Njalo unaka kakhulu abahamba ngezinyawo, izimoto futhi ugcine isivinini esilinganiselwe noma, noma kunjalo, isivinini esifanelekile sokulungela ukubhekana nesimo somgwaqo, futhi ngokuya ngezimo zezemvelo nezesimo sezulu;
• Uma sidluliselwe isimo esingaba yingozi (ngokwesibonelo, i-ADR noma i-RID transport), NJALO kuhlola ukuqondiswa komoya ngaphambi kwendlela. Kufanele ubheke phezulu endaweni yengozi noma ukukhishwa.

Izingozi zomgwaqo ezinempahla eyingozi ethintekayo: amacala ezingozi nezinkomba zezingozi

Kepha kusho ukuthini ukuhlola umkhombandlela womoya? Impendulo itholakala ekuboneni ukuthi iyiphi into eyingozi / isimo okufanele sisukume, okuso ukuthi indawo yethu yengozi. Izindlela zokuhlola indlela yomoya ziningi: iphunga lentuthu, iziqongo zezihlahla, ifulegi noma izinhlelo ezingaphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe zingathola ukuqondiswa komoya ngesikhathi sangempela, kucatshangelwa ukumbozwa kwe-3G noma i-LTE. (Ngincoma kakhulu i-WIND ALERT, uhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala olutholakala kunguqulo ye-iOS esitolo se-Apple naku-Google play kuGoogle).

Lapho sesifinyelele endaweni yomcimbi, futhi kuhle ukuhlolwa ukuba khona kwezinkomba zobungozi:

• abantu abaningi emhlabathini ngaphandle konembeza
• iphunga elingajwayelekile
• intuthu noma umusi, mhlawumbe uklaba umhlabathi
• izinyoni noma ezinye izilwane ezifile noma ezifayo
• izimila zincibilikile
• uketshezi ku-asphalt
• umlilo

Ukuba khona kwalezi zinto kufanele empeleni kuphakamise abezimo eziphuthumayo noma abaphenduli kuqala abashayela i-ambulensi ukuthi isimo sisengozini enkulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa zonke izindlela zokuzivikela. Ngezansi, amacala athile kanye nokuhamba okude okuhlongozwayo kuhlaziywa, kuhlolwe amandla, okuthi nokho kuqinisekiswe izinga lokuphepha elingaphezu kweliphezulu:

UKULAHLEKELWA KWAMABHUKU NGAPHEZU KWEMOTO

UKULAHLEKELWA KWAMALIMU NGOMLILO AKUFANELE UQASHEKILE ISITOLO

 

UKULAHLEKELWA KWAMABHUKU NGOMLILO

 

IMINININGWANE EQINISEKILEYO YOKUFAKA ISIZO, BIOLOGICAL noma ISIFUNDISWAYO

 

I-Kemler Code: ukubona izimpahla eziyingozi

The I-ADR Hazard Yokukhonjwa Inombolo YAKHE, eyaziwa ngokuthi yi Ikhodi Kemler, uyathwalwa kumakhodi ezimotweni zamathangi nezitsha zamathangi ezihamba ngomgwaqo ngaphansi kwamazwe omhlaba Imithetho ye-ADR.

Izinombolo zokuhlonza zikhonjiswa ngale ndlela, ukuthi inombolo engenhla ikhombisa ingozi kanti nenombolo engezansi ikhomba izinto kanye nenombolo ye-UN enikezwe Kwizincomo ze-UN Zokuhamba Kwezimpahla Eziyingozi. An i-orange blank placard ngaphandle kwezinombolo zikhombisa imoto ethwele umthwalo oyingozi (izigubhu, amaphakheji, njll.) noma ithangi lemithwalo eningi.

The ADR Inombolo Yokukhonjwa kweHazard HIN liqukethe izibalo ezimbili noma ezintathu. Isibalo sokuqala seKemler Code sibonisa ubungozi bokuqala:

• I-2 Ukukhishwa kwegesi ngenxa yengcindezi noma ukusabela kwamakhemikhali
• I-3 Ukuvuvukala koketshezi (umphunga) namagesi noma uketshezi oluzishisayo
• I-4 Figueability of solids noma i-self-heating solid
• Umphumela we-5 Oxidizing (oqinisa umlilo)
• I-6 Toxicity
• I-7 Radioacaction
• I-8 Corrosivity
• I-9 Ingozi yokusabela okunobudlova okuzenzakalelayo

Isibalo sesibili nesesithathu ngokuvamile sibonisa izingozi zesibili:

• I-1 ingozi izichazwe kahle ngesibalo sokuqala
• I-2 (evuthayo) igesi ingakhishwa
• Ingozi yomlilo we-3
• Ingozi yomlilo we-4
• Ingozi ekhathazayo ye-5
• Ingozi enobuthi ye-6
• Ingozi evelayo ye-8
• Ingozi ye-9 yokusabela okuzenzakalelayo, nodlame

Ukuphindaphinda kwesibalo kukhombisa ukuqina kwale ngozi ethile. Lapho ingozi ebhekiswe entweni ingakhonjiswa kahle ngesibalo esisodwa, lokhu kulandelwa ngu-zero. Uma inombolo yokuhlonza ingozi ibhekelelwa yincwadi 'X', lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi into izophenduka kabi ngamanzi.

 

Izingozi zomgwaqo - Yini abasabeli bokuqala okufanele bayenze esizeni esinezimpahla eziyingozi ezibandakanyekile?

Ngemva kokuba ukuhlolwa kwengozi yangempela, (ukwakheka kukathangi, iphaneli yeKemler, ukuba khona kwezinkomba zokufaka engcupheni, ubufakazi obuqondile, njll.), futhi esivumelwaneni nabakholwayo, khetha ibanga elifanele lesi simo.

Abasebenzi kumele basidlulisele leso simo esikhungweni sokusebenza okuphuthumayo, bacele ukuthunyelwa kwamaFire Brigades kanye noMthetho Wokuqina Komthetho. Lapho isigaba sokwenza kusebenze sesiphelile, kuzokwazi ukuqhubeka nokuhlola okuningiliziwe kwesimo, okungafushaniswa kusetshenziswa okulula imithetho emithathu (ukuphepha, isimo kanye nesimo).

 

Ezokuphepha: Ukuhlolwa kwengozi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuzivikela

Misa ubeke imoto emgwaqeni, ngokuphepha. Cisha injini yemoto bese ugqoka i-PPE efanelekile etholakalayo (isigqoko sokuzivikela, amagilavu ​​e-nitrile nejacket ebonakalayo ephezulu, ngaphezu komfaniswano ohleliwe) Ungabhemi nakanjani futhi ungaphuzi noma ungadli (ngeke wazi ukuthi kungenzeka yini kube nokungcola). Bheka ubungozi bokuthuthuka (umlilo, ukuqhuma, njll.). Gcina ababukele kude okuphephile futhi unake i-rubbernecking.

Isimo: uhlobo lomcimbi, ukulimala, indawo, izimo zezemvelo nokunye.

• uhlobo lomcimbi (ingozi, ukuchitheka, ukuvuza, umlilo, njll.)
• ubukhulu bomcimbi nomonakalo odalekile (zingaki futhi zisho ukuthini izindlela ezihilelekile, izakhiwo, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, njll.)
• imibandela yendawo (imigwaqo nemigwaqo emikhulu, izikhala ezivalekile, njll.)
• izimo zezulu nezesimo sezulu (imvula, iqhwa, ilanga, njll.)
• izimo ezijwayelekile zesimo (indawo enzima, udaka, imfucumfucu, udoti, njll.)
• izimo zemvelo (umsindo, ubumnyama, njll.)
• uhlale uwukhumbula umoya (ingashintsha)

 

Izingozi zomgwaqo kanye nezimpahla eziyingozi: amandla ashukumisayo, imbangela, inani lezisulu ezithintekayo:

• uhlobo lwengozi (ukushayisana ekhanda, ukushayisana kokugcina, njll.)
• Ukuchazwa komcimbi (ingozi, ukuqhuma kwesondo, ukugula komshayeli, njll.)
• abantu okuthiwa bayabandakanyeka (futhi kucatshangelwa ukuthi kungenzeka kungcoliswe okufanayo)
• izisulu ezingaba khona

Lapho izivivinyo ezichazwe ngenhla sezenziwe, izisebenzi zizosala zilindile, zilinde i-Fire Brigade (ukuthola usizo oluphuthumayo lobuchwepheshe ngakhoke "ukuphepha kwesimo") kanye Wokukatelela ngomthetho (ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi, indawo ozungezile, okutholakele nezibopho zomthetho).

Kubaluleke ngempela lapho abahlinzeki bezempilo befika kwelitshe kuqala. Lapho Abacimi bomlilo fika endaweni yesehlakalo, bazoyilawula futhi kuzofanela ulandele izinqubo zikazwelonke. Imvamisa, izinqubo zidinga izinyathelo ezihlukile zokugwema izinkinga ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngokwesinqumo esihle sesimo esiphuthumayo, ama-Fire Brigade emhlabeni jikelele alandela Inqubo Ejwayelekile Yezinyathelo eziyi-8, ungathola lapha.

Ama-EMTs nabezimo eziphuthumayo bangasebenza endaweni yesehlakalo phakathi kwezinqumo lapho izicishamlilo sezisule izingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukungenelela, njengokujwayelekile, kufanele kuphele ngokuphelele ngokuxoxwa kwazo zonke izingxenye ezithintekayo.

ISEXWAYISO ESIHLE: hhayi njalo isimo "esibucayi" sisobala kakhulu. Cabanga nje, ngokwesibonelo, ngabathwali abahambisa nsuku zonke ama-radiopharmaceuticals amaloli. Lezi zithwali zivame ukusebenzisa izimoto ezikhanyayo okuthi uma zibandakanyeka engozini noma zimbi kakhulu emlilweni zingaze, shazi, zisinike ulwazi lwangempela lwengozi. Ama-radiopharmaceuticals kumele aphathwe ngokuya ngemithetho kazwelonke futhi angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili:

• Ukwelashwa (kukhipha imisebe ye-beta)
• Okokuxilonga (ukukhipha i-beta noma imisebe ye-gamma)

Lezi radioisotopes, ezimweni ezijwayelekile, zivaliwe futhi cishe azinabungozi. Ingozi iba semzimbeni uma ekugcineni ingaphansi kokushisa okuphakeme noma kwezinye izinto. Kungavusa uthuli olungaba yingozi kakhulu uma kwenzeka lungena ngaphakathi noma ligcwele umoya.

 

U-AUTHOR

 

FUNDA OKWENGEZIWE

 

Izisetshenziswa ze-Ambulensi eziphezulu ze-10

 

I-Afrika: izivakashi kanye namabanga amabanga - Udaba lwezingozi zomgwaqo eNamibia

 

Lokhu bakubiza 'ngokufutheka komgwaqo' futhi kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zezingozi zomgwaqo

 

Isikimu Sokuhlinzekelwa Kwama-ambulensi Eziphuthumayo ezingozini zomgwaqo

 

Iphrojekthi entsha yokuphepha emigwaqweni yezimoto eziphuthumayo