Hoʻomaʻemaʻe: nā manaʻo o ka antimicrobial, antiseptic, disinfectant a me ka sterilization

By Cristiano Antonino On Apr 20, 2023

ʻO ka antimicrobial, ma ka wehewehe ʻana, he mea kūlohelohe a synthetic paha e pepehi ai i nā microorganism (microbes) a i ʻole ke kāohi i ko lākou ulu ʻana.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā antimicrobials e like me

ʻano hana (pepehi a i ʻole ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ulu ʻana);
ʻano microorganism kahi i kuhikuhi ʻia ai lākou (spectrum of action).

ʻO kahi antimicrobial e pepehi ana i nā microorganism no laila he hopena

bactericides: pepehi i ka bacteria
fungicides: pepehi i nā fungi;
virocides: pepehi i nā maʻi maʻi.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā antimicrobial e kāohi (hoʻolohi a hoʻōki paha) i ka ulu ʻana o nā micro-organisms:

bacteriostatic: pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi bacteria;
fungistatic: keʻakeʻa i ka ulu ʻana o nā haʻi;
virostatics: pale i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi.

Ma muli o kā lākou hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana i nā kiko i loko o vivo, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano antimicrobial i nā antiseptics a me nā disinfectants:

antiseptic: he mea kino a kemika paha me nā mea e pale ai a hoʻolohi paha i ka ulu ʻana o nā microbes, ma waho paha, ma ka ʻili a ma loko paha o kahi mea ola. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi antiseptic ma luna o ka ʻiʻo ola, ʻoiai ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a hiki kēia ma muli o kekahi waiwai o kēia mau pūhui i kapa ʻia ʻo 'keʻawaʻawa koho'. ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa koho ma muli o ka hiki ʻana o ka antimicrobial ke pā i kekahi mau pahuhopu kelepona kū hoʻokahi i ka micro-organism, no laila ʻaʻohe pōʻino i ka mea hoʻokipa (ke kanaka). ʻO kēia mau lāʻau antimicrobial ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau;
disinfectant: kahi mea hiki ke pepehi i nā ʻano mea kanu o nā microorganism pathogenic a me kā lākou mau spores (e laʻa me ka chlorine, iodine, hydrogen peroxide, phenol a me ka ethyl alcohol). ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia kahi disinfectant ma luna o ka ʻiʻo ola, no ka mea he mea ʻawaʻawa. Hāʻule ka hapa nui o nā mea me ka hopena antimicrobial i kēia ʻāpana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻili kūloko.

Hoʻohui ʻia i kēia ka manaʻo o ka sterilization: kahi hana e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ke kūlana i hiki ʻole ai ke ola o nā micro-organisms.

ʻO ka sterilization ka hoʻopau ʻana a/a i ʻole ka hana ʻole ʻana o kekahi ʻano ola, akā ua kaupalena ʻia ka disinfection i nā ʻano pathogenic wale nō a ʻaʻole i kekahi ʻano ola.

Ma ka hana lapaʻau, hoʻohana ʻia nā antimicrobials e hakakā i nā maʻi kanaka i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā microorganism pathogenic, ʻoiai ma ka noiʻi ʻepekema ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou e kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka microbial a koho i nā microorganisms no ka mahi ʻana i ka hale hana.