Difference between hypoxaemia, hypoxia, anoxia and anoxia

Hypoxemia: pụtara, ụkpụrụ, mgbaàmà, nsonaazụ, ihe egwu, ọgwụgwọ

By Cristiano Antonino On Apr 26, 2023

Okwu 'hypoxaemia' na-ezo aka na mbelata nke ikuku oxygen dị n'ọbara, nke kpatara mgbanwe mgbanwe gas na-eme na alveoli pulmonary.

Banyere hypoxaemia: ụkpụrụ nkịtị na pathological

Hypoxemia na-eme mgbe nrụgide akụkụ oxygen na ọbara akwara (PaO2) erughị 55-60 mmHg na / ma ọ bụ saturation oxygen nke hemoglobin (SpO2) na-erughị 90%.

Cheta na saturation oxygen na-adịkarị n'etiti 97% na 99% n'ihe gbasara ahụike, ebe ọ nwere ike ịdị ala na ndị agadi (ihe dị ka 95%) na obere ala (na ma ọ bụ n'okpuru 90%) na ndị nwere ọrịa pulmonary na/ma ọ bụ ọbara ọbara.

Ọ bụrụ na PCO2 karịrị 45 mmHg n'otu oge, hypoxaemia na-apụta yana hypercapnia, ya bụ mmụba na-adịghị mma na mkpokọta carbon dioxide (CO2) n'ọbara.

Ụkpụrụ PaO2 nkịtị na-adịgasị iche dị iche iche dabere na afọ (nke dị elu na ndị na-eto eto, na ndị agadi), ma na-adịkarị n'etiti 70 na 100 mmHg: PaO2 n'okpuru 70 mmHg na-ekpughe hypoxia dị nro, ebe mgbe ọ dara n'okpuru 40 mmHg ọ na-egosi na ọ dị oke njọ. hypoxemia.

Eme

A na-ebute hypoxemia site na mbelata dị njọ ma ọ bụ karịa ma ọ bụ nke na-adịchaghị njọ na mgbanwe gas n'etiti ọbara na ikuku nke na-eme na alveoli pulmonary; mgbanwe a na-eme maka ihe dị iche iche, nnukwu na nke na-adịghị ala ala.

Nnukwu hypoxaemia na-akpata

ụkwara ume ọkụ;
pulmonary edema;
ọrịa oyi;
pneumothorax
iku ume ọrịa ọrịa (ARDS);
akpa ume embolism;
ọrịa ugwu (n'elu elu nke 2,500 mita);
ọgwụ ndị na-ebelata ọrụ nke ebe iku ume, dịka ọgwụ ọjọọ (dịka morphine) na ọgwụ anestetiiki (dị ka propofol).

Ihe na-akpata hypoxaemia na-adịghị ala ala:

emphysema;
fibrosis nke akpa ume;
ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala obstructive pulmonary (COPD);
neoplasm nke akpa ume;
interstitial akpa ume ọrịa;
congenital obi ntụpọ;
ụbụrụ ọnya.

Mgbaàmà na ihe ịrịba ama

Hypoxemia n'onwe ya bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ; dabere na ihe kpatara ya, hypoxaemia nwere ike jikọta ya na mgbaàmà na akara dị iche iche, gụnyere:

cyanosis (akpụkpọ anụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ);
cherry-acha ọbara ọbara akpụkpọ anụ;
ọrịa nkịtị;
dyspnea (ihe isi ike iku ume);
Cheyne-Stokes iku ume;
ihe mgbu;
ọbara mgbali elu;
arrhythmias;
tachycardia;
fibrillation ventricular;
njide obi;
mgbagwoju anya;
ụkwara;
hemoptysis (mpụta ọbara si na akụkụ okuku ume);
tachypnoea (mmụba iku ume);
ọsụsọ;
asthenia (enweghị ike);
mkpịsị aka hippocratic (mkpọ nkụ);
obere oxygen saturation;
obere nrụgide oxygen na ọbara.
coma na ọnwụ n'ọnọdụ kachasị njọ.

Ọ bụghị akara ngosi niile edepụtara na-adị mgbe niile n'otu oge.

N'ihe banyere hypercapnia n'otu oge, otu onye nwekwara ike ịnweta:

reddening nke akpụkpọ;
ọnụ ọgụgụ obi dị elu;
extrasystoles;
nkwonkwo akwara
mbelata ọrụ ụbụrụ
ọbara mgbali elu;
mmụba ọbara ụbụrụ ụbụrụ;
isi ọwụwa;
mgbagwoju anya na lethargy;
ụbara mmepụta obi.

N'ihe banyere hypercapnia siri ike (PaCO2 n'ozuzu na-agafe 75 mmHg), mgbaàmà ahụ na-aga n'ihu na mgbagwoju anya, ụjọ, hyperventilation, nhụsianya, nkwụsị nke mmụọ, na ọbụna nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ.

Cheta, Otú ọ dị, na nkezi, hypoxaemia dị njọ ma na-egbu ngwa ngwa karịa hypercapnia.

pụta

Ihe ga-esi na hypoxemia pụta bụ hypoxia, ya bụ mbelata nke oxygen dị na anụ ahụ, nke nwere ike iduga necrosis (ya bụ ọnwụ) nke anụ ahụ ebe ọ na-eme, ebe ọ bụ na oxygen dị mkpa maka ndụ cell.

Enwere ike 'ịbawanye hypoxia' (ya bụ na-emetụta akụkụ ahụ dum) ma ọ bụ 'anụ ahụ dabere' mgbe ụkọ oxygen na-emetụta otu anụ ahụ nke akụkụ ahụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ hypoxia cerebral na-atụ ụjọ, nke nwere ike ibute mmebi na-enweghị atụ na ọbụna ọnwụ n'ọnọdụ ndị kachasị njọ. ).

nchoputa

Nchọpụta nyocha dabere na anamnesis, nyocha ebumnobi na ọtụtụ nyocha ụlọ nyocha na onyonyo enwere ike (dị ka X-ray ma ọ bụ endoscopy).

njikọ Posts

Mmefu ahụike na Italy: ibu na-abawanye na ezinụlọ

Apr 11, 2024

Alert Aviary: N'etiti nje virus na ihe ize ndụ mmadụ

Apr 4, 2024

Otu ụbọchị na-acha odo odo megide endometriosis

Mar 28, 2024

Olileanya na ihe ọhụrụ n'ọgụ megide ọrịa cancer pancreatic

Mar 27, 2024

Akụkụ abụọ bụ isi maka iguzobe ọnọdụ hypoxemia bụ:

saturation oxygen (SpO2): tụọ ya na mita saturation (ụdị mkpọ uwe nke a na-etinye maka sekọnd ole na ole na mkpịsị aka, na-adịghị emerụ ahụ);
Nrụgide akụkụ nke oxygen na ọbara akwara (PaO2): tụrụ ya na hemogasanalysis, ule na-akpa ike karịa nke a na-eji sirinji wepụta ọbara n'aka onye ọrịa.

Dabere na afọ onye ọrịa yana PaO2 mmHg, a na-ekewa hypoxia dị ka obere, obere ma ọ bụ siri ike:

hypoxia dị nro: PaO2 nke ihe dịka 60 - 70 mmHg (n'okpuru 80 mmHg ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa nọ n'okpuru afọ 30);
hypoxia na-agafeghị oke: PaO2 40 - 60 mmHg;
hypoxia siri ike: PaO2 <40 mmHg.

Ụkpụrụ SpO2 jikọtara ya na ụkpụrụ PaO2: uru SpO2 nke 90% n'ozuzu ya na uru PaO2 nke na-erughị 60 mmHg.

ọgwụ

A ga-ebu ụzọ gwọọ onye ọrịa hypoxaemic site na nchịkwa oxygen (ọgwụ oxygen) yana, n'ọnọdụ siri ike, na-enye aka na ikuku ikuku.

Nke abuo, a ga-ekpebi ihe kpatara ya ma mesoo ihe kpatara ya kpọmkwem, dịka ọmụmaatụ n'ihe gbasara ụkwara ume ọkụ, a ga-enye onye ọrịa bronchodilators ma ọ bụ ikuru corticosteroids.