USA, mbiri ya EMS System

By Cristiano Antonino On Jun 18, 2022

Kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba kwa ma ambulansi kunachitika pa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni ku America

Woyamba wamba ambulansi utumiki unakhazikitsidwa mu 1865 ku Cincinnati, Ohio.

Poyamba, zinali zonyamula basi osati zachipatala.

Nyumba zamaliro zinkagwira ntchito zina, ndipo ma ambulansi aliwonse omwe ankachita chithandizo chamankhwala chamtundu uliwonse nthawi zambiri ankayendetsedwa ndi ozimitsa moto.

Purezidenti Lyndon B. Johnson ndi Komiti ya Pulezidenti ya Highway Safety ya National Academy of Sciences inafalitsa lipoti lakuti "Imfa Mwangozi ndi Kulemala: Matenda Osanyalanyaza a Modern Society" (omwe amadziwikanso kuti EMS White Paper), ndi chikalata ichi, pamodzi. ndi National Highway Traffic Safety Act, anapereka muyezo feduro kulenga machitidwe EMS.

Mu 1996, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) ndi Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) adasindikiza chikalata chogwirizana chomwe chimatchedwa EMS Agenda for the Future, chomwe chimatchedwa "Agenda."

Chikalatachi chikufotokoza masomphenya a EMS amtsogolo ndikulongosola njira zomwe ndondomekoyi iyenera kuchitidwa.

The Technical Assistance Programme ya NHTSA yapanga ndondomeko ya Assessment Standards yomwe imaika miyezo m'magulu ena, monga momwe tafotokozera m'munsimu, kwa mabungwe a EMS m'dziko lonselo. Dziko lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi malamulo omwe amapanga ndalama za EMS, kusankha bungwe lotsogolera la EMS, ndi njira zokhazikitsira ndi kusunga ziphaso ndi mabungwe.

Zothandizira ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi pakati kuti opereka ophunzitsidwa bwino ndi okonzeka athe kusamalira aliyense amene akuzifuna ndikupereka zoyendera panthawi yake kupita kumalo oyenera:

Aliyense amene amapereka chithandizo pa ambulansi ayenera kukhala osachepera mlingo wa EMT.

Zoyendera zotetezeka komanso zodalirika, kaya ma ambulansi, ndege zamapiko osasunthika, kapena ma helikoputala.

Odwala kwambiri kapena ovulala kwambiri ayenera kutumizidwa ku chipatala choyenera.

USA, EMS Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse isanachitike

1485 - Kuzingidwa kwa Malaga, kugwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kwa ambulansi ndi asitikali, palibe chithandizo chamankhwala choperekedwa

Zaka za m'ma 1800 - Napoleon adasankha galimoto ndi wothandizira kuti apite kunkhondo

1860 - kugwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kwamankhwala ndi ma ambulansi ku United States

1865 - Kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba kwa ma ambulansi kunachitika pa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni yaku America.

Ntchito yoyamba ya ambulansi ya anthu wamba idakhazikitsidwa mu 1865 ku Cincinnati, Ohio.

Poyamba, zinali zonyamula basi osati zachipatala.

Nyumba zamaliro zinkagwira ntchito zina, ndipo ma ambulansi aliwonse omwe ankachita chithandizo chamankhwala chamtundu uliwonse nthawi zambiri ankayendetsedwa ndi ozimitsa moto.

1869 - Ntchito yoyamba ya ambulansi, Chipatala cha Bellevue ku New York, NY.

1899 - Chipatala cha Michael Reese ku Chicago chimagwiritsa ntchito ambulansi yamagalimoto EMS Pakati pa Nkhondo Yadziko I ndi Yachiwiri.

1900s - Zipatala zimayika anthu ogwira ntchito pa ma ambulansi; kuyesa kwenikweni koyamba pamalo abwino komanso chisamaliro chamayendedwe.

1926 - Dipatimenti ya Moto ya Phoenix imalowa mu EMS.

1928 - Gulu loyamba lopulumutsa anthu linakhazikitsidwa ku Roanoke, VA.

Gulu loyendetsedwa ndi Julien Stanley Wise ndipo adatchedwa Roanoke Life Saving Crew.

EMS ku USA, Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse

1940s Ma ambulansi ambiri azipatala adatsekedwa chifukwa chosowa antchito chifukwa cha WW II.

Maboma a mizinda apereka ntchito kwa apolisi ndi ozimitsa moto.

Palibe malamulo okhudza maphunziro ochepa.

Kupezeka kwa ambulansi kunakhala mtundu wachilango m'malo ambiri ozimitsa moto.

Pambuyo pa WW II

1951 - Ma helikopita omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo yaku Korea.

1956 - Kutsitsimula pakamwa pakamwa kopangidwa ndi Dr. Elan ndi Dr. Safar.

1959 - Yoyamba kunyamula defibrillator idapangidwa ku chipatala cha Johns Hopkins.

1960 - LAFD imayika ogwira ntchito zachipatala pa injini iliyonse, makwerero, ndi kampani yopulumutsa.

1966 - Malangizo a EMS - Highway Safety Act, Standard 11.

1966 - Kupereka chithandizo chachipatala chisanachitike pogwiritsa ntchito ma ambulansi ndi Dr. Frank Pantridge ku Belfast, Northern Ireland.

1966 - Purezidenti Lyndon B. Johnson ndi Komiti ya Pulezidenti ya Highway Safety ya National Academy of Sciences inafalitsa lipoti lamutu wakuti "Imfa Mwangozi ndi Kulemala: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society" yomwe imadziwikanso kuti EMS White Paper.

USA: chikalata ichi, pamodzi ndi National Highway Traffic Safety Act, anapereka muyezo feduro polenga machitidwe EMS

Inayankha kuti:

Kupanda malamulo ofanana ndi mfundo.
Ma ambulansi ndi zida zaubwino.
Kuyankhulana kusowa pakati pa EMS ndi chipatala.
Maphunziro a anthu osowa.
Zipatala zimagwiritsa ntchito antchito aganyu ku ED.

Anthu ochulukirapo adamwalira pa ngozi zamagalimoto kuposa mu Nkhondo yaku Vietnam ya 1967 - AAOS imapanga "Chisamaliro Chadzidzidzi ndi Mayendedwe a Odwala ndi Ovulala."

Buku loyamba la ogwira ntchito ku EMS

1968 - Task Force ya Komiti ya EMS ikukonzekera miyeso yoyambira yophunzitsira, imabweretsa "Kuphunzitsidwa kwa Ambulansi Ogwira Ntchito ndi Ena Omwe Ali ndi Udindo Wosamalira Mwadzidzidzi kwa Odwala ndi Ovulala Pazochitika ndi Panthawi Yoyendetsa" ndi Dunlop ndi Associates.

1968 American Telephone ndi Telegraph imasungira 9-1-1 kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mwadzidzidzi.

1969 - Dr. Eugene Nagel akhazikitsa yoyamba ya Nation Paramedic pulogalamu ku Miami.

1969 - Komiti Yopangira Ma Ambulansi Mapangidwe adasindikiza "Zofunikira Zachipatala Zopangira Ma Ambulansi ndi Zida."

1970 - Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Helicopters ku EMS kunafufuzidwa ndi Project CARESOM (Coordinated Accident Rescue Endeavor-State of Mississippi) kupyolera mu thandizo la federal lopereka ma ambulansi a 3 amtundu wa helikopita ku 3 malo osiyanasiyana ku Mississippi. Pambuyo pa ntchito ya mwezi wa 15, maziko a Hattiesburg adakhalabe m'malo mwake chifukwa anali kufufuza bwino kwa zotsatira zabwino za odwala.

1970 - National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians idakhazikitsidwa.

1971 - Komiti Yoyang'anira Zovulala za AAOS imakhala ndi msonkhano wapadziko lonse wokhudza maphunziro a EMTs.

1972 - Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo, Maphunziro ndi Ufulu motsogoleredwa ndi Purezidenti Nixon kuti apange njira zatsopano zokonzekera EMS.

1972 - Madipatimenti a Chitetezo ndi Zoyendetsa kuchokera ku ntchito yothamangitsa ndege.

1972 - chiwonetsero cha TV "Zadzidzidzi!" ikuyamba 8-year run 1973 - EMS Systems Act ya 1973 idadutsa.

1973 - Star of Life yopangidwa ndi DOT.

1973 - Chipatala cha St. Anthony's ku Denver chinayambitsa ntchito yoyamba yoyendera anthu wamba ku Nation.

1974 - Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo, Maphunziro ndi Zaumoyo inafalitsa malangizo opangira ndi kukhazikitsa EMS Systems.

1974 - Lipoti la Federal liwulula kuti osachepera theka la ogwira ntchito ku ambulansi anamaliza maphunziro a DOT 81 maola.

1975 - American Medical Association imazindikira Emergency Medicine.

1975 - University of Pittsburgh ndi Nancy Caroline, MD adapereka mgwirizano wa EMT-Paramedic National Standard Curriculum.

1975 - National Association of EMTs idapangidwa.

1983 - The EMS for Children Act inadutsa 1985 - National Association of EMS Physicians inakhazikitsidwa.

1990 - The Trauma Care System Planning and Development Act yadutsa.

1991 - Commission on Accreditation of Ambulance Services imakhazikitsa miyezo ndi ma benchmark a ma ambulansi.

1996 - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) ndi Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) inafalitsa chikalata chogwirizana kwambiri chotchedwa EMS Agenda for the Future, chomwe chimatchedwa Agenda.