I-Cervical collar: ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi ezingcono kakhulu ukungena kwi-ambulensi ukubheka imigomo.

• Kuyini ukungasebenzi kahle futhi kwenziwa ngamathuluzi anjani?
• Ubukhulu: kubaluleke kakhulu?
• Ngabe isetshenziswa kanjani ikhola yesibeletho esimweni esiphuthumayo?
• Ngabe i-collar yesibeletho isetshenziswa kanjani kahle?
• Imuphi umonakalo ongatholwa kusetshenziswa kabi lekhola yomlomo wesibeletho?
• Ividiyo ephathelene nokusebenza kwekhola yomlomo wesibeletho ngokusho kwe-AREU

Uyazi ukuthi wenzani entanyeni yakho isiguli esithuthumayo? Amacala wesibeletho azifani zonke, ngakho-ke asihambe siyobona umehluko phakathi ucezu olulodwa (noma i-mono-valve) futhi bi-valve ikhola. Njengoba wazi kahle, eminyakeni edlule kwavela impikiswano enkulu ngesihloko esithi ukuchithwa kwempahla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bakhona abakubheka njengokuphelelwe yisikhathi futhi - ngezinye izikhathi - ngisho kulimaza isiguli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona eziqhubeka ngokuqiniseka ukwenza umkhuba wokuqothula futhi ukuchithwa kwempahla kwesiguli njengesinyathelo sokuphepha. Phakathi kukhona izimiso zamanje - zona kumele ziqashelwe njalo. Amadivayisi ezokwelapha abahlinzeki kufanele bakhiqize imikhiqizo eyengeziwe nangaphezulu ntofontofo, iyasebenza futhi yakhelwe ukuthuthukisa i isiguli izimo. Futhi kufanele basebenze ngokuhambisana namashumi (ngisho namakhulu) yezivumelwano ezihlukile zomsebenzi. Imikhiqizo enjalo ihlose ukunciphisa isisindo sekhanda ku-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho kanye nokuvikela le ndawo ekulimaleni kwesibili nokunyakaza okungahambi kahle. Kuze kube namuhla i-axiom yosizo lwezokwelapha - emazweni anama-EMT namavolontiya ku i-ambulensi -: "Ikhola yomlomo wesibeletho kumele isetshenziswe kuzo zonke iziguli ezihlukumezekile kuze kube yilapho sekukhawulisiwe ukulimala komlomo wesibeletho." Eqinisweni, i-collar yesibeletho isetshenziswa ngoba - ngokokucwaninga okuthile kwesayensi - Kuyadingeka ukukhawulela ukunyakaza okungahleliwe lapho isiguli sinezinkinga zokukhalipha komlomo wesibeletho. Lokho kufinyelela ku-2-4% yazo zonke iziguli ezihlukumezeka, phakathi kwazo kungenzeka 20% has a Umgogodla intambo ukulimala.

Kuyini ukungasebenzi kahle komlomo wesibeletho futhi kwenziwa ngamuphi umshini?

Kungcono ukuhlaziya ngokuningiliziwe amadivaysi ezokwelapha asetshenziselwa ukwenza i-immobilization, kusukela kwaziwa kakhulu futhi asetshenzisiwe, hhayi nje ezimweni eziphuthumayo kodwa nakwezinye izinkinga zezempilo: ikhola yomlomo wesibeletho. Eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-neck brace", le divayisi isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukunyakaza kwe-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho etholakala entanyeni. Ngakho-ke, le divayisi iyodwa ayanele ukuvala ngokuphelele i-rachis. Esikhundleni salokho, kuma-protocols amaningi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuhlanganiswe namanye amadivaysi okuvimbela amandla, njengomgogodla ibhodi, lo Idivayisi ye-Kendrick Extrication noma umatilasi wevacuum.

Hlobo luni lwamakhola wesibeletho atholakalayo kwezentengiso?

Ikhola yomlomo wesibeletho isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ethambile yomzimba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunezixazululo ezahlukahlukene ezitholakalayo ezithengiswayo ezilingana kakhulu noma kancane Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo imisebenzi, ukulaliswa esibhedlela isikhathi eside noma ezinye izinjongo. Emkhakheni wezimo eziphuthumayo kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ukusebenzisa Imikhawulo yesibeletho eqinile. Manje sesingahlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zama-collars:

• Ucezu olulodwa - Yikhola elula kakhulu, equkethe igobolondo elilodwa eliguquguqukayo elenziwe ngeplastiki ehlanganisiwe. Uma engasetshenziswanga iyisicaba, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuyigcina i-ambulensi ngisho namanani amakhulu. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi la makhola enzelwe a ukusetshenziswa okukodwa. Imvamisa, ngesiqeshana esilula kungenzeka ukugoba phambili kwesigamu, okuzofakwa ngaphansi kwe-chin. Esikhundleni salokho, i emuva kwesigamu izofakwa ngaphansi kwekhanda lesiguli inqubo ethile eklanyelwe ukugwema ubungozi be ukulimaza umgogodla wesiguli.
• Bivalve or  izingcezu ezimbili - Yakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili zokuhlanganiswa ngemichilo emibili yeVelcro, futhi wenza isicelo lula, ngoba kungenzeka ukufaka ingxenye yokuqala nengxenye yangemuva ngezikhathi ezihlukile.

Zonke izinhlobo zamakhola wesibeletho asetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo kufanele zibe nokuvuleka kwangaphambili ukuze zivumele izisebenzi zokuhlanzeka ukuthi ziqaphe ukujula kwe-carotid futhi zikhiphe amaqhinga athile, njenge-tracheotomy.

Ubukhulu bekhola yomlomo wesibeletho: kungani kubaluleke kangaka?

Ubukhulu bekhola yomlomo wesibeletho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlomisa umuntu ikholaji engene kakhulu noma encane kakhulu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezimbili ezihlukile: ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona ubungozi ukweqa ikhanda / intamo, ngenxa yokwelula kwezicubu nesakhiwo se-rachis. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kunengozi yokuthi ikhola yomlomo wesibeletho iqale ayisebenzi inhloso yayo noma - okubi kakhulu - ukuthi kuvimbela ezinye izindlela zempilo. Isiphetho esinengqondo ukuthi ubukhulu obukhulu bukhona, kuzoba lula ukuthola olungele isiguli. Eqinisweni, abaphakeli badlulela ku inani eliphakeme losayizi noma - kwezinye izikhathi - ngaku amakhola wesibeletho lokho kungaba olungisiwe ngaphambi kokufakwa ezigulini. Masiphawule ukuthi ikholaji kumele ihlale ilungiswa ngaphambi kokusebenza kwayo; lokho kubaluleke kakhulu. Okokuqala, umuntu kufanele alinganise indawo yentamo yesiguli ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi ikhola okufanele ayisebenzise. Ngemuva kwalokho kukhalwa ikhola. Isimo singase sibe yinkimbinkimbi ngaphansi kokuma okuningana, futhi kuya ngohlobo lwesiguli. Kepha kumele kukhunjulwe ngaso sonke isikhathi lokho lapho kufakwa ikhola yomlomo wesibeletho kumele kube nabasebenzi bezempilo ababili, hhayi oyedwa.

Ngabe isetshenziswa kanjani ikhola yesibeletho esimweni esiphuthumayo?

Ngaphambi kokufaka ikholaji, umuntu kufanele hlola uma kukhona amacici, imigexo noma izingubo ezingathikameza uhlelo oluyilo. Kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukususa izesekeli ezinjalo. Sishilo ngaphambili ukuthi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube nabasebenzi bezempilo be2 (ezinye izimiso zidinga ngisho nabasebenzi bezempilo be3). Owokuqala uzifaka ngemuva kwekhanda lesiguli futhi abambe futhi aqinise ikhanda nentamo ngezandla zakhe, ukuze azigcine ukungathathi hlangothi. Esimweni esinjalo ikhanda lihambisana namahlombe maqondana nazo zonke izinkomba. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala komgogodla futhi kwandise isikhala esikhona somthambo womgogodla ku-rachis.

Isiguli kufanele sibhekane sibheke phezulu, hhayi phansi. Ubuso - obukhona kanye nokubukeka buqonde phambili - buzoqhubeka bulawulwa ngokuqhubekayo izimo eziphuthumayo, okumele azibeke phambi kwesiguli ukuze afake ikholaji. Ngenkathi i-paramedic yesibili isebenzisa i-collar, eyokuqala ayisoze yalahlekelwa ukugxilwa ekhanda. Ngisho nangemva kokusetshenziswa kwekholaji, ikhanda kufanele ligcinwe lingakwazi ukwenziwa ngesandla, ngoba liyithuluzi lokulinganisa elingasebenzi. Ikhola yomlomo wesibeletho enezici ezimbili isetshenziswa esigulini ukuze yakhe imbobo yokugunyazwa isiguli nesilevu. Okokuqala, kufakwa ingxenye engaphambili, bese kuthi imichilo yeVelcro idluliselwe ngemuva kwentamo ukuvikela ikholaji izungeze i-rachis yesiguli. Lokhu kuzovikela noma yikuphi ukushintshashintsha kwekhanda futhi kuzovumela abezimo eziphuthumayo ukuthi bangeze uhhafu wangemuva wekhola. Lapho nje izintambo eziqinisa izintambo zeVelcro zangaphandle zivikelekile, akukho ukunwetshwa okungenzeka. Uma usayizi ulungile futhi uma isicelo senziwa kahle, isiguli ngeke sizwe noma yiziphi izinkathazo, futhi ngeke kube khona noma yisiphi isithiyo sokuphefumula nokugwinya.

Ngabe i-collar yesibeletho isetshenziswa kanjani kahle?

Ngemuva kokufakwa kwekhola, umuntu kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi isicelo senziwe kahle. Kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi ikhola ixhumana nezinye izitho zomzimba ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Ingxenye yangaphambili kufanele ihlangane ne-sternum manubrium, nengxenye engezansi ye-mandible, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kufanele ibambe nge-collarbone kanye nengxenye engezansi ye-ramus evundlile ye-mandible.
• Ingxenye engemuva kufanele ihlangane nendawo yangemuva phakathi kwe-scapulae, kuyilapho indawo ye-occipital yekhanda nezintambo ezimbili ze-Velcro kufanele zihambisane nephuzu lokubopha elingaphambili kwekhola.

Yini okufanele ingethuse uma ngisebenzisa ikholaji yomlomo wesibeletho?

Isiguli singaba nomonakalo womlomo wesibeletho obangelwa a ukuhlukunyezwa futhi i-paramedic kungenzeka ingakuboni kuze kube yilapho eqala izindlela zokusebenzisa ikholaji. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele abheke ngaphandle - kusukela ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokubeka ikhanda esimweni sokungathathi hlangothi - ngenxa yemisipha yemisipha noma intamo nobuhlungu emuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umsebenzi wokuphefumula uboshwa ukubandlulula ubunikazi bemigwaqo yomoya, uma isiguli sigcina ikhanda liqinile kwesinye isikhundla noma uma kukhona izilonda ezibonakalayo kuyi-trachea noma emithanjeni yegazi, kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.

Ngokusobala, uma kunemizimba yangaphandle ezingxenyeni ezithambile zentamo, noma uma kungenzeki ukugcina ukungathathi hlangothi, isiguli kufanele singafakwa esikhundleni esilale kuso, siqinisekise ukuthi kuqala ukuphefumula nokugeleza kwegazi kuqinile.

Yimuphi umonakalo ongatholwa kusetshenziswa kabi kwekhola yomlomo wesibeletho?

Ngaphandle komonakalo ongatholakali womgogodla, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwekhola yomlomo wesibeletho kwiziguli nakho kungadala izinkinga zokusebenza okulula. Asigcini nje ngokuba sengozini yokwenza umuntu abe paraplegic; nathi sizibeka engcupheni making umsebenzi we odokotela nabahlengikazi bayinkimbinkimbi noma kungenzeka. I-cervical collar embi esetshenzisiwe ingavimba ukusebenza kwe-tracheotomy noma kufihle ingxenye ethile yama-tracheostomies. Kungadala izinkinga zokuphefumula noma kwenza ukugwinya kube nzima. Ekugcineni - kepha hhayi okokugcina - kunganikeza isiguli uvalo futhi kumzwise ubuhlungu.

Nguyiphi ikholaji yomlomo wesibeletho ekhuthazwayo?

Ayikho ikholaji yomlomo wesibeletho enconyelwe kakhulu. Zonke izici zesimo esiphuthumayo nazo zonke izinsiza zezokwelapha zenziwa ezimeni ezihlukile futhi zilandela imigomo ehlukile. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi ikholaji eyisiqeshana esisodwa, noma kulula ukuyiphatha nokuyisebenzisa, imvamisa ayizinzanga kunengxenye-ezimbili, okuyisicelo sayo - esikhundleni salokho - ifuna umgibeli owengeziwe kepha ivumela ukunemba okukhulu. Lapho uhlola ukuthi iyiphi ifoni oyithengayo kufanele futhi acabangele amarekhodi omlando wenhlangano yakhe: Mangaki ama-traumas obhekana nawo njalo ngenyanga? Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi uhlanganyele ezinsizeni zokwelashwa uye ezingozini ezinkulu noma ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezinkulu? Bekungokwakho izimo eziphuthumayo oqeqeshiwe ngengubo eyodwa noma iziqephu ezimbili? Futhi kanye naaleyo mibuzo umuntu kufanele acabange kulokhu: Ngabe nginalo igumbi elingakanani ukugcina amabala asesibelethweni?

Ukufaka isicelo kwekholaji yesibeletho esiyizingxenye ezimbili ngesinyathelo

• I-paramedic eholela ekusebenzeni ibamba futhi ifake ikhanda lesiguli ngezandla zayo ukuze ligcine lingathathi hlangothi. I-paramedic yesibili, esebenzisa ikholaji kumele:
• Hlala eduze kwesiguli esimweni esifanele futhi ususe izingubo ezibekwe ezungeze intamo yesiguli, kanye namacici, imigexo noma enye into;
• Hlola isikhumba ukuthola amanxeba noma ukulimala okungenzeka futhi akufaki noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kokusetshenziswa kwekhola;
• I-paramedic ilinganisa intamo yesiguli. (Isilinganiso siqala ukusuka kokufanele ukuya emaphethelweni aphezulu emsipha we-trapezius);
• Qinisekisa ubukhulu bekola (ukuzama engxenyeni engaphambili yekhola, ukusuka kubhinca weVelcro kuya emaphethelweni aphansi ekhola);
• I-paramedic ibambe ingxenye engaphambili yekhola bese igoba kancane. Ngemuva kwalokho, ubeka ikholishi kancane kogobolondo lomuntu olimele, bese ewushuthela entanyeni kuze kube yilapho ungena ngaphansi kokugunyazwa:
• Ngemuva kokufaka ingxenye engenhla, i-paramedic islayida imichilo yokuxhuma ngaphansi kwentamo bese iyilungisa. Manje isikhulu sezimo eziphuthumayo siguqula okwandulelayo ukuze sibambe insimbi ngokushesha;
• Ngenkathi umholi weqembu ebamba ingxenye yokuqala engaphambili isesimweni esihle, abezimo eziphuthumayo bathatha isigamu sangemuva basibeka ngaphansi kwesiguli ngemuva kwentamo;
• Lapho isondliwe esikhundleni, ikhola kumele ivikelwe ngokulinganayo ngezintambo ezimbili zeVelcro, ngokuqikelela ukungaziphathi, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngendlela emnene;
• Ngalesi sikhathi abezimo eziphuthumayo babuza futhi baqinisekise ukuthi isiguli siyasibekezelela isikhundla sokwenza ikholaji ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ukuthi ukuphefumula kwakhe akunakwa, ukuthi angavula umlomo nokuthi ishayela lihamba kahle.
• Ekugcineni, ekugcineni kokungasebenzi kahle, ungahambisa isiguli esikhungweni, ngaphakathi kwe-ambulensi.

Ividiyo ephathelene nokusetshenziswa kwekhola yomlomo wesibeletho ngokusho kwe-AREU (isifinyezo sase-Italy se-Ejensi Yezimo Eziphuthumayo Nezimo eziphuthumayo). Ividiyo ikhombisa ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-Cervical Collar ngendlela efanele.