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Usizo lokuqala: incazelo, incazelo, izimpawu, izinhloso, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe

By UCristiano Antonino On Jun 18, 2022

Igama elithi 'usizo lokuqala' lisho isethi yezenzo ezenza abatakuli oyedwa noma abaningi basize umuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu abacindezelekile esimweni esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

'Umhlengi' akayena udokotela noma a izimo eziphuthumayo, kodwa kungaba ngokoqobo noma ubani, ngisho nalabo abangaqeqeshwanga kwezokwelashwa: noma yisiphi isakhamuzi siba 'umhlengi' lapho singenela ukuze sisize omunye umuntu Ukucindezeleka, ngesikhathi sisalinde ukufika kosizo olufaneleka ngokwengeziwe, njengodokotela.

'Umuntu ocindezelekile' yinoma yimuphi umuntu obhekene nesimo esiphuthumayo, okuthi uma engasizwa, abe namathuba okusinda noma okungenani aphume esehlakalweni ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukulimala.

Ngokuvamile kungabantu abayizisulu zokulimala ngokomzimba kanye/noma okungokwengqondo, ukugula okungazelelwe noma ezinye izimo ezisongela impilo, ezinjengomlilo, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuminza, ukudutshulwa noma amanxeba okugwazwa, ukuphahlazeka kwendiza, izingozi zezitimela noma ukuqhuma.

Imiqondo yosizo lokuqala kanye nemithi yezimo eziphuthumayo ibe khona izinkulungwane zeminyaka kuzo zonke izimpucuko zomhlaba, nokho, ziye zabhekana nentuthuko enamandla ukuze zihambisane nezenzakalo ezinkulu zempi (ikakhulukazi iMpi Yezwe I kanye neMpi Yezwe II) futhi zisabaluleke kakhulu namuhla. , ikakhulukazi kulezo zindawo ezinezimpi eziqhubekayo.

Ngokwesiko, intuthuko eminingi emkhakheni wosizo lokuqala yenziwa ngesikhathi Impi Yezwe YaseMelika, okwenza uthisha waseMelika uClarissa 'Clara' Harlowe Barton (Oxford, 25 December 1821 - Glen Echo, 12 April 1912) athole futhi abe umongameli wokuqala we-American Red Cross.

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Izimpawu Zosizo Lokuqala

Uphawu losizo lokuqala lwamazwe ngamazwe luyisiphambano esimhlophe esingemuva esiluhlaza, esiklonyeliswe yi-International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

Uphawu olukhomba izimoto zokuhlenga kanye nabasebenzi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iNkanyezi Yokuphila, ehlanganisa isiphambano esiluhlaza, esihlomile eziyisithupha, ngaphakathi 'okunenduku ka-Asclepius': intonga lapho inyoka ezisonge khona.

Lolu phawu lutholakala kuzo zonke izimoto eziphuthumayo: isibonelo, wuphawu olubonakala kuzo ama-ambulensi.

U-Asclepius (ngesiLatini elisho 'u-Aesculapius') wayengunkulunkulu wezinganekwane wamaGreki wezokwelapha owafundiswa ubuciko bezokwelapha ngu-centaur Chiron.

Uphawu lwesiphambano esibomvu kungemuva elimhlophe ngezinye izikhathi lusetshenziswa; Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kanye nezimpawu ezifanayo kugcinelwe imiphakathi eyakha i-International Red Cross kanye ne-Red Crescent futhi isetshenziswe ezimeni zempi, njengophawu lokukhomba abasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye nezinsizakalo (uphawu olunikeza isivikelo ngaphansi kwe-Geneva Izivumelwano nezinye izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe), ngakho-ke noma yikuphi okunye ukusetshenziswa akufanele futhi kujeziswe ngokomthetho.

Ezinye izimpawu ezisetshenziswayo zihlanganisa i-Maltese Cross.

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Izinjongo zosizo lokuqala zingafingqwa ngamaphuzu amathathu alula

ukugcina umuntu olimele ephila; empeleni, lokhu kuyinjongo yakho konke ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha;
ukuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe; lokhu kusho kokubili ukumvikela ezintweni zangaphandle (isb ngokumsusa emithonjeni yengozi) nokusebenzisa izindlela ezithile zokuhlenga ezinciphisa amathuba okuba isimo sakhe sibe sibi (isb. ukucindezela isilonda ukuze wehlise ukopha);
khuthaza ukuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo, okuqala vele ngenkathi ukutakula kwenziwa.

Ukuqeqeshwa kosizo lokuqala kuhlanganisa nokufundisa imithetho yokuvimbela izimo eziyingozi kusukela ekuqaleni futhi kufundisa izigaba ezahlukene zokuhlenga.

Amasu abalulekile, amadivaysi kanye nemibono emithini yesimo esiphuthumayo kanye nosizo lokuqala ngokujwayelekile yilezi:

ukulinganisa;
I-BLS (Ukusekelwa kokuSisekelo koMpilo);
Ihora legolide;
ABC ukubusa;
Ukulawulwa kwe-GAS;
I-AMPLE maneuvre;
UBUCHWEPHESHE LWESIBONELO;
I-OPCS yokuqondisa;
I-AVPU isikali;
I-Glasgow Coma Scale;
IKEDI idivayisi yokukhipha;
ikhola yomlomo wesibeletho;
i-defibrillator;
ukwesekwa kwempilo okuyisisekelo (BTLS);
ukwesekwa kwempilo okuthuthukile (ALS);
ukuphefumula komlomo nomlomo;
massage inhliziyo;
ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen;
umoya omncane wemishini;
Ambu ibhaluni;
i-tracheotomy; i-tracheostomy
i-cricothyroidotomy;
ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Izinqubo Zosizo Lokuqala

Kunamaphrothokholi amaningi osizo lokuqala namasu emkhakheni wezokwelapha.

Enye yezimiso ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zosizo lokuqala emhlabeni ukusekela ukuphila kokuhlukumezeka okuyisisekelo (yingakho isifinyezo se-SVT) ngesiNgisi esiyisisekelo sokusekela impilo yokuhlukumezeka (yingakho isifinyezo esithi BTLF).

Ukwesekwa kwempilo okuyisisekelo ukulandelana kwezenzo zokuvimbela noma ukunciphisa umonakalo uma kwenzeka kuboshwa inhliziyo. Izivumelwano zosizo lokuqala zikhona futhi emkhakheni wezengqondo.

I-Basic Psychological Support (BPS), isibonelo, iphrothokholi yokungenelela yabatakuli abayitoho okuhloswe ngayo ukuphathwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kokukhathazeka okukhulu nokwethuka, kuyilapho ilinde ukungenelela kochwepheshe kanye nabasebenzi bokuhlenga okungenzeka baye baxwayiswa.

Iketango lokusinda kwe-trauma

Uma kwenzeka kuba nokuhlukumezeka, kunenqubo yokuxhumanisa izenzo zokuhlenga, ebizwa ngokuthi iketango lalowo osinde ekuhlukumezekeni, elihlukaniswe ngezinyathelo ezinhlanu ezibalulekile.

ucingo oluphuthumayo: isixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi ngenombolo ephuthumayo;
ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ubucayi bomcimbi kanye nenani labantu abahililekile;
ukwesekwa kwempilo yakuqala;
ukufakwa endaweni eyodwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi esikhungweni se-Trauma (ngaphakathi kwehora legolide);
ukwenza kusebenze ukwesekwa kwempilo okuthuthukile kusenesikhathi.