I-HEMS, ukuthi ukusebenza kwendiza enophephela emhlane kusebenza kanjani eRussia: ukuhlaziya eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokudalwa kwe-All-Russian Medical Aviation Squadron
Imisebenzi ye-HEMS iyadingeka futhi ibalulekile kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, kuhlanganise neRussia, lapho ukufakwa phakathi kwezinsizakalo zezindiza zezokwelapha kwanqunywa eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.
Ngo-2021, indiza ye-National Air Ambulance Isevisi (NSSA), eyakhiwe imizamo ye-Rostec State Corporation, ngemva kokuqeda imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-5,000, yasiza ukusindisa izimpilo nempilo yeziguli ezingaphezu kwezi-6,000.
Kule minyaka emithathu edlule, imakethe yezindiza ezinophephela emhlane iphindaphinde inani layo ngokuphindwe kahlanu, isuka kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3,886 ngo-2018 yaya kumarekhodi angama-16,672 billion ngo-2021.
I-euro eyodwa ibalulekile njengoba sibhala lesi sihloko mayelana nama-ruble angu-60.
Kodwa kuyinqubo engahambi kahle, futhi iphrojekthi yokubeka endaweni eyodwa insiza ye-ambulensi yomoya ihlangabezana nokuphikiswa kwendawo.
I-HEMS eRussia, ukudalwa kwe-All-Russian Medical Aviation Squadron
Ukuqala kwephrojekthi yokudala i-All-Russian Medical Aviation Squadron kungenziwa cishe ngo-2011-2012, lapho iqembu elisebenzayo lahlelwa ngaphansi koMnyango Wezempilo waseRussia Federation.
Inhloso eshiwo kwakuwukuqalisa nokusebenzisa umsebenzi wendiza enophephela emhlane ngobungcweti.
Ngo-Okthoba 2013, uVeronika Skvortsova, ngaleso sikhathi owayeyinhloko yoMnyango Wezempilo, wethula iphrojekthi yokuhlola enesihloko ngokutshalwa kwesabelomali kwama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.2.
Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi eminyakeni emibili indlela yokusebenza kwesevisi yezindiza zezokwelapha izosetshenziswa futhi isisekelo somthetho sisemthethweni, futhi uma i-pogetto iphuma phansi, ukufakwa endaweni eyodwa kwezokuthutha emoyeni wezokwelapha phezulu naphansi ezweni kuzoqala ngo. 2016.
Uma kubhekwa ubukhulu besizwe, iphrojekthi eyaxhumanisa i-HEMS ne-MEDEVAC: I-Russia inezifunda ezinobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu.
Ezindizeni zasendaweni, iphrojekthi bekuwukusebenzisa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane nezindiza ezincane, kanye nezindiza ezisuka ezifundeni nezamazwe ngamazwe - izindiza ezithatha uhambo oluphakathi nendawo nokude.
Kumele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ngosayizi, i-Italy iphindwe izikhathi ezingama-57 kuneRussia.
Ngaleso sikhathi, umthombo Zashchita VTSMK, izindiza zezokwelapha zazisebenza unomphela ezifundeni ezingu-40, nokho, ezintathu zazo, kuphela ngezicelo eziphuma kanye.
Ezifundeni eziyisikhombisa, indima ye-ambulensi yomoya yadlalwa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zoMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo waseRussia, kweziyisithupha yizokuthutha ezivamile zezindiza.
Izinto zihambe kangcono kakhulu ngezindawo zokusuka: ezingxenyeni eziphelele ezingama-234, eziyi-118 zingachazwa njengezihlomele, eziyi-19 kuphela zazo ezaziseduze nemitholampilo.
Izifunda zokuhlola zephrojekthi ye-centralization kwakuyizifunda zaseKhabarovsk, iSakha Republic (Yakutia), i-Arkhangelsk ne-Amur.
Ngo-2016, uMnyango Wezempilo waseRussian Federation wamukela uhlelo olubalulekile lwephrofayili, ngokusho ukuthi izifunda ezingama-34 ezinezindawo okunzima ukuzifinyelela zingathola uxhaso lukahulumeni lokuthengwa kwezinsiza zezindiza zezokwelapha.
Ngale njongo, umlawuli ubeke eceleni ama-ruble angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 kusabelomali kuze kube ngu-2020.
NgoJulayi 2017, embukisweni womoya we-MAKS eZhukovsky (eduze kwaseMoscow), ithimba lezokwelapha le-Heli-Drive lanikeza uMongameli uPutin i-Ansat entsha sha ngemojula yezokwelapha njengesibonelo seqembu elikhulu. ibhodi ye-NSSA yesikhathi esizayo.
I-Russia, umqondo wokuhlanganisa izinsizakalo zezokwelapha ze-HEMS kanye ne-MEDEVAC ekugcineni uthole ama-contours ayo okusebenza ekwindla ka-2017.
U-Anatoly Serdyukov, inhloko yeqembu lezindiza le-Rostec State Corporation, waba yinxusa layo.
Imingcele yephrojekthi ihlose ukuhlelwa kwenhlangano eyodwa ye-federal operator yezinsizakalo zezindiza zezokwelapha - enemikhumbi yayo, ehlanganisa ikakhulukazi izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezifuywayo ezinamamojula wezokwelapha, isikhungo esivamile sokuthunyelwa kwempahla kanye nesethi yezindinganiso ezisekelwe ezenzweni ezihamba phambili zomhlaba.
Indlela yokusebenzisa iphrojekthi ekuqaleni yacatshangelwa 'njengengqalasizinda efanayo': ukuhlinzekwa kwezindiza ezifundeni njengembuyiselo yokufakwa okuqinisekisiwe kwenkokhelo yokuphuma kwezokwelapha ohlelweni lomshwalense wezokwelapha oyimpoqo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-JSC National Air Ambulance Service yasungulwa, i-25% yayo yatholwa kwa-JSC Rychag, ephethwe yi-Rostec, kanye ne-75% esele evela eSikhwameni Sokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Ambulance Yomoya.
Yethulwa ngemvume ka-Vladimir Putin ngoJanuwari 2018, i-NSSA ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva yathola isikhundla somhlinzeki oyedwa kuhulumeni, eyivumela ukuthi ibe nenkontileka nezifunda uma ithanda.
Umsebenzisi uphinde wathola inani elihlanganisiwe lendiza yehora le-Russian yonke: ama-ruble angu-295,000 ngama-Mi-8 amade nama-ruble angu-195,000 kuma-Ansats alula.
Kube nenkinga eyodwa: ukuhlomisa imikhumbi ye-HEMS eRussia
Ngo-September 2018, izinkampani ezingaphansi kwe-Rostec Group of Companies - I-Russian Helicopters JSC, i-NSSA JSC kanye ne-Aviacapital-Service LLC - zasayina inkontileka yokuhlinzeka ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezingu-104 kanye ne-46 Mi-8AMT ngamamojula wezokwelapha.
Izindleko zesivumelwano zilinganiselwa kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40.
Ngaphansi kwesiqinisekiso senkontileka, i-Rostec ihlele ukukhuphula ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-30 ngenkampani ephethwe ngokuphelele i-JSC RT-Finance ngokukhipha amabhondi ahweba ngokuhwebelana anokukhula okufika eminyakeni eyi-15.
Izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zokuqala eziyisishiyagalombili - ama-Ansats amane kanye nama-Mi-8AMTs amane ku-livery ekhethekile ebomvu nephuzi - zathunyelwa ku-opharetha ngoFebhuwari 2019.
Kubukeka sengathi akukho okungaphazamisa umzila wendiza ye-NSSA kuze kube ukwehla okuhleliwe okuhleliwe, ikakhulukazi njengoba iphrojekthi ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kwezindiza zokukhucululwa kwendle igxile kuphrojekthi yeNational Healthcare, kanye nesimo sokuhlinzeka kuphela komqhubi wemoto sandiswa uhulumeni kuze kube ngu-2021.
Ukwengeza, i-NCSA ingasebenzisa ngokuzithandela ilungelo lomhlanganisi ojwayelekile wosonkontileka: inkampani bekufanele igcwalise okungenani amaphesenti angama-30 omyalelo kahulumeni iyodwa, futhi ukuze igcwalise wonke umyalo, iqashe osonkontileka abancane.
I-HEMS eRussia, ukuhlaziywa kwenqubekelaphambili esikhathini sika-2017 - 2021
Ukuze uthole ukuthi imakethe ye-ambulensi yomoya iye yaguqulwa kanjani ngokufika kwe-HCSA, i-Analytical Centre ihlaziye izinkontileka zokuthenga ze-EIS zezinsizakalo zokuphuma kwezokwelapha eziphethwe eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, usebenzisa isevisi zakupki360.ru, izinkontileka zokuthenga ezimenyezelwe kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2017 kuya ku-31 Disemba 2021 nge-OKPD 62.20.10.111 (izinsizakalo zokuthutha abagibeli ngezindiza ezindizeni eziqashiwe) kanye no-51.10.20. 000 (izinkonzo zokuqashelwa kwendiza enabasebenzi), esho amagama angukhiye athi 'ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha' noma 'i-ambulensi yendiza' kunoma yikuphi okuhlukile, kanye nohlelo oluyinhloko – 86.90.14.000 (izinsizakalo ze-ambulensi) kanye nokuthi 52.23.19.115 (imisebenzi ngokuhlinzekwa kosizo lwezokwelapha), ezinkontilekeni eziqukethe igama elingukhiye elithi 'indiza'.
Imakethe eyisipesheli yama-oda kahulumeni yaxhaswa ngemigudu emibili: kusuka kwisabelomali sombuso (ngowezi-2021, ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5.2 agcinelwe lezi zinhloso, ngo-2022, kwabelwa amanye ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5.4) nasezifundeni.
I-HEMS, inani lezinsizakalo zezindiza ezinophephela emhlane eRussia selikhule laba ngama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-43.641 eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.
Kusukela ngo-2018, ukunyuka bekuphindaphindeka: kusuka kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3,886 ngonyaka ka-2018 kuya ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-7,552 ngo-2019, kwase kusuka ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11,657 ngo-2020 kuye kwirekhodi eliyizigidigidi eziyi-16,672 ngo-2021.
Bangama-74 kuphela abahlinzeki bempahla abavele emakethe eminyakeni edlule, kuyilapho izinkampani ze-TOP25 zihlinzeka ngama-92% wezinsizakalo ezinenkontileka.
Ivolumu yokuthengwayo ngaphansi kwe-Federal Law 223, engahlinzekeli ngokushicilelwa okuyisibopho kwesivumelwano nosonkontileka ngakho-ke engavumeli ubunikazi babo ukuthi busungulwe, bekungama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.554.
Umholi we-TOP25 kuthiwa yi-NSSA JSC (imakethe futhi inegama elithi NSSA LLC, eliqanjwe kabusha lisuka ku-Heli-Drive Medpas LLC), eyakhulisa kancane kancane umthamo wenkontileka yayo isuka kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-10.7 ngo-2018 yaya kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4.342 ngo-2021.
Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwe-NSSA, ethuthukayo ngaphansi koxhaso lukazakwethu oqinile embusweni wokufakwa kuzwelonke, akukwazi ngisho nokubizwa ngokuthi umdlalo wezingane.
Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje.
NgoJanuwari 2021, i-NSSA yawina inkontileka neSibhedlela Sesifunda saseNenets esiqanjwe ngo-NI RI Batmanova, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo, ekupheleni kwesivumelwano, kwatholakala ukuthi i-NSSA yayingakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezindiza.
Umphumela waba yini? “Umshayeli omusha ubengavunyelwe ukubeka izindiza ezinophephela emhlane esikhumulweni sezindiza sendawo. Ngakho, empeleni, ophumelele umncintiswano uncishwe ithuba lokusebenza,' kuchaza umthombo ovela ku-Rostec Group of Companies.
Ukungqubuzana kwaxazululwa ngokunqanyulwa kwenkontileka ngokuzama kwe-NSSA.
Indaba efanayo, nakuba yaba nomphumela ohlukile, yenzeke e-Tyumen: lapho, ngoNovemba 2021, i-NSCA yazuza ithenda nabaphakeli bendabuko besifunda, i-JSC UTair – Helicopter Services, ngentengo yebhidi yama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-139.9.
Kodwa-ke isibhedlela iRegional Clinical Hospital No. 1, ebesisebenza njengekhasimende, sisayine inkontileka ne-UTair, esifakazela lesi sinqumo ngobufakazi bokuthi i-NCSA ngeke ikwazi ukufeza inkontileka njengoba ibingakwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni okufike kuzo.
Kodwa-ke i-NCSA iveze ukuthi ngokubona kwayo inkinga ihlukile, okungukuthi izikhwama zokumelana nokubekwa endaweni eyodwa kwesevisi kungenxa yesikhundla salezo zinkampani zezindiza zakuleli ezingakaze zigxile kwezokundiza, kodwa zijabulela ukwesekwa. amakhasimende kahulumeni asho umgomo othi 'imali kufanele ihlale esifundeni'.
I-NCSA izama ukumelana nemibandela evimbela imiqhudelwano yesifunda kuphela ngezindlela ezingokomthetho, inkampani iqinisekisa.
Ngo-April 2019, ngokomyalelo No. 236n, uMnyango Wezempilo waseRussia Federation wethula indinganiso ye-ambulensi yomoya. imishini Ohlelweni Lokuhlinzekwa Kokunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha Eziphuthumayo: uhlu oludingekayo lwaluhlanganisa imishini yokuphefumula, imishini yokuphefumula nokuvuselela umoya, ukupakisha kanye nemojula yezokwelapha ene-stretcher.
Umthethonqubo wawuvumela abaculi abanezingxenye ezingahlomile ukuba bakhishwe kumyalelo kahulumeni.
Futhi ngoSepthemba 2019, abalawuli bagunyaze inkontileka ejwayelekile yokusebenza komsebenzi wasemoyeni ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, okwaba yifomu eliyimpoqo kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2022, okusho ukulungiswa kwemibandela yokusebenza ukuze kuthengwe umphakathi.
Kodwa-ke, iminyaka emihlanu emgwaqeni we-NSSA wokunqoba izimakethe zizonke, kuye kwavela izinkinga ezinkulu kunezimbangi noma amakhasimende anomqondo ongemuhle.
Kungumbuzo wokuzakhela umkhumbi wemikhumbi. Uhlelo lokuqala lokuthenga izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezingu-150, ezazizoshintsha ngokushesha i-HCSA ibe omunye wabahlinzeki abakhulu bezwe bazo zonke izinto zokuhamba ngendiza enophephela emhlane, lamiswa cishe ngokushesha: izikhungo zezezimali zazingakakulungeli ukuboleka inkampani entsha ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso neziqinisekiso.
Ngenxa yalokho, esikhundleni sezindiza ezingama-50 ezihlelelwe u-2019, opharetha wenhlangano uthole eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela.
Isimo saba ngcono kuphela ekuqaleni kuka-2021.
Ngemva kokuthola iziqinisekiso kuHulumeni Wenhlangano YaseRussian Federation kanye ne-Rostec State Corporation, i-NSSA yasayina izinkontileka ezimbili ne-JSC PSB Avialeasing yokuhlinzeka ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezingu-66 - 29 Mi-8MTV-1s kanye ne-37 Ansats - ngesamba sama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-21.4.
Kwakukhona nokwehluleka kumkhiqizi - i-KVZ, lapho i-oda lesifunda se-NSCA lalilikhulu kunawo wonke eminyakeni engama-30.
Ukulethwa kwaba ngcono kuphela maphakathi no-2021, lapho izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezintsha eziyi-14 zithunyelwa enkampanini.
Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuNhlolanja wezi-2022, umkhumbi we-NSSA wawusuvele unezimoto ezingama-22: ama-Ansats angu-11 kanye nama-Mi-11 angu-8 ngayinye.
I-HEMS eRussia, ukushoda kwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane kuphoqe i-NSSA ukuthi inyuse isabelo sezinkontileka ezingaphansi
Ngo-2020-2021, inkampani yasayina izinkontileka ezibiza ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.2-2.7 ngonyaka.
Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwenzuzo yomthombo owodwa ngo-2021 nakho kwazuzwa ikakhulukazi ngokuheha izinkampani zezindiza ezazisebenza ezifundeni ngaphambi kokufika kwe-NCSA njengozakwethu.
Esifundeni saseNovgorod, isibonelo, i-RVS JSC isayine inkontileka encane, endaweni ye-Altai - Altai Avia (indawo ye-22, ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-0.323), futhi izindleko zehora lendiza ezinkontilekeni zesibili ngokuvamile zazingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10-20 ngaphansi kwenhloko. intengo.
I-NCSA ichaza umehluko, nakuba ungabalulekile, ngezindleko zabo zengqalasizinda kanye nokwethulwa kwamazinga e-ambulensi yomoya ezifundeni, kanti osonkontileka abancane bamane bandize futhi bakhululwe ezindlekweni ezinjalo.
Abadlali abanolwazi banxephezela ukuncipha kwe-scope emakethe ye-oda kahulumeni ngokwakha ama-niches amasha.
Isibonelo, i-RVS JSC, omunye wabaqhudelani abakhulu be-NSSA kwezokundiza kwezokwelapha, ibambisene ne-Medsi Group ngoMeyi 2021 ukuze bakhe isevisi yokuphuma kwezokwelashwa kweziguli ezisemitholampilo yenethiwekhi yaseMoscow.
Isivumelwano sihilela ukuhlela ezokuthutha zezindiza ezivela esifundeni saseMoscow nakwezinye izifunda ukuya endaweni yesibhedlela sasemtholampilo sase-Otradnoye noma isizinda se-RVS e-Odintsovo, lapho iziguli zizothunyelwa khona nge-ambulensi ezibhedlela zeqembu.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi izindleko zesevisi zizoqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-15, kuye ngokuthi indawo kanye nesikhathi sendiza.
Ngokusho kukaSergey Khomyakov, iphini lomqondisi jikelele we-RVS, ukubambisana kuzothatha izinsizakalo ze-ambulensi yezindiza eRussia 'zifinyelele ezingeni elisha lekhwalithi'.
Isidingo sokuthuthukisa inkundla eyodwa, emaphakathi ye-IT yokuxhumanisa imisebenzi ye-HEMS eRussia
Phakathi kwemisebenzi esetshenziswa ngempela ye-NSSA ukwakhiwa kwenkundla ye-IT lapho kubekwe endaweni eyodwa HEMS kuzokwakhiwa uhlelo lokuthunyelwa kwezindiza.
NgoFebhuwari 2019, emhlanganweni woMnyango Wezempilo Wenhlangano YaseRussia, kwenziwa umyalo wokuhlanganisa uhlelo olungaphansi 'lwezokuphathwa Kwezokunakekelwa Kwezempilo Eziphuthumayo Nezimo Eziphuthumayo' kuHlelo Lolwazi Lwezempilo Lwesifundazwe Olufana Nolunye, okuhlanganisa nemojula ye-ambulensi yomoya ngaphakathi kwalo.
Usonkontileka wokuthuthukisa i-Uniform State Health Information System kuze kube ngu-2021 wahlala eyi-Rostec efanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ehlobo lika-2019, ngokusho kwemithombo yezindiza yakwa-Kommersant, i-Rostec ihlanganise isigxobo esilawulayo ku-NCSA.
Kuze kube manje, isimo somhlinzeki oyedwa kuphela asikakadluliselwa ku-NSSA.
Ngokusho kwe-ejensi, azikho izinhlelo zokumisa uxhaso lwenhlangano yezindiza zezokwelapha: ukuthuthukiswa kwenkonzo kufakwe ohlwini lwezinhloso zikazwelonke kuze kube ngu-2030, noma kunjalo, umthwalo wezindleko ekwakhiweni kwama-heliports usazothwalwa. isifunda.
Kodwa-ke, ithuba lokuxhasa ngezimali lezi zikhungo ngaphansi kwesinye iphrojekthi yenhlangano - 'Imizila Ephephile Nekhwalithi Ephakeme' - kuyacutshungulwa.
Izimo ezintsha zokuthola unswinyo zinyuse ubungozi be-NSSA emgqeni wokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi: ngoMashi 2022, kwatholakala ukuthi ingxenye yaseCanada ye-American Pratt & Whitney yayikumisile ukuhlinzekwa kwezinjini ze-PW207K ku-KVZ, lapho i-Ansat indizela khona.
I-analogue yasekhaya - 'injini' ye-VK-650V eyakhiwe ngu-ODK-Klimov - ikhona kuphela enguqulweni yokuhlola, futhi ukuqinisekiswa kwayo bekungalindelekile kuze kube ngu-2023.
Enye yezinketho ezicatshangelwa embonini, ngaphezu kokusheshisa izinqubo ze-VK-650V, ukukhetha ngokubambisana kwesikhungo samandla se-VK-800V ngezidingo ze-Ansat.
Kodwa-ke, i-Kazan helicopter plant ihlose ukukhiqiza izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-44 ze-Ansat ngo-2022 - cishe, ezinye zazo zizoqoqwa esitokisini.
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