A concise classification of the forms of stuttering refers to the particular configuration of the ‘block’, the characteristic sound that the verbal block manifests in articulatory effort

Stuttering, following Lucchin and Massa we detect a

• tonic form, in which there is a stoppage particularly at the beginning of the sentence, or with prolongation of the syllable or even of the initial phoneme that is difficult to pronounce
• clonic form, in which there is a continuous or intermittent repetition of the syllable.
• palilalic or mixed form, characterised by the presence of prolongation, tonicity and clonic repetitions.

Some scholars, however, bearing in mind the anatomical location of the block and muscle spasms especially in the production of certain consonants, identify the following forms, like Zerneri

• labio-choreic form, presenting phono-articular contractions at tongue and lip level (‘chorea’, dance of the lips) resulting in difficulty in the production of the consonants ‘p/b’ and ‘t/d’
• gutturo-tetanic form, presents spasms and contractures of the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscle bundles with difficulty in producing the consonants ‘g/k’

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Source:

Pagine Mediche