Utsanana: pfungwa dzeantimicrobial, antiseptic, disinfectant uye sterilization

By Cristiano Antonino On Apr 20, 2023

Antimicrobial, netsanangudzo, chinhu chakasikwa kana chekugadzira chinouraya tupukanana (microbes) kana kutadzisa kukura kwavo.

Mishonga inorwisa utachiona inoparadzaniswa kunyanya maererano

rudzi rwekuita (kuuraya kana kukura inhibition);
rudzi rwe microorganism yavanotungamirirwa (spectrum of action).

Antimicrobial inouraya microorganisms saka ine mhedzisiro

bactericides: kuuraya utachiona
fungicides: kuuraya fungi;
virocides: kuuraya mavhairasi.

Kune rumwe rutivi, mishonga inorwisa utachiona inodzivisa (inononoka kana kumira) kukura kwezvipembenene zviduku ndezvi:

bacteriostatic: inodzivisa kukura kwebhakitiriya;
fungistatic: inodzivisa kukura kwefungi;
virostatics: inhibisa kukura kwehutachiona.

Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwavo kwenguva refu pamatishu mu vivo, marudzi akasiyana emishonga inorwisa utachiona yakakamurwa kuita antiseptics uye disinfectants:

antiseptic: mushonga wepanyama kana wemakemikari une zvimiro zvekudzivirira kana kuderedza kukura kweutachiona, kunze, pamusoro kana mukati mechinhu chipenyu. An antiseptic inogona kushandiswa pamatishu mhenyu, kunyangwe pakanyanya kuwanda, uye izvi zvinogoneka nekuda kwechimwe chinhu chemakomponi aya anozivikanwa se 'selective toxicity'. Kusarudzika muchetura unokonzerwa nekugona kweiyo antimicrobial kurova mamwe ma cellular tarisiro akasiyana neiyo micro-organism, kuitira kuti pasave nekukuvadza kunokonzeresa kumunhu anogara (munhu). Maantimicrobial aya ndeaya anowanzoshandiswa semishonga;
disinfectant: chinhu chinokwanisa kuuraya zvinomera zvipembenene zvepathogenic microorganisms uye spores zvadzo (semuenzaniso chlorine, iodine, hydrogen peroxide, phenol uye ethyl doro). Mushonga wekuuraya utachiona haugone kushandiswa zvakanyanya pamatishu mhenyu, sezvo ine muchetura. Zvizhinji zvinhu zvine antimicrobial effect zvinowira muchikamu ichi. Izvi zvinhu mukurapa zvinogona kunyanya kushandiswa paganda renzvimbo.

Inowedzerwa kune iyi ipfungwa yesterilisation: maitiro anovimbisa mamiriro ekuti kurarama kwe micro-organisms hazvigoneke zvakanyanya.

Sterilization inoreva kubviswa zvachose uye/kana kusashanda kwechero chimiro chipenyu, nepo kuuraya utachiona kuchingowanikwa kune pathogenic marudzi chete uye kwete kune chero mhuka mhenyu.

Mukuita zvekurapa, maantimicrobial anoshandiswa kurwisa hutachiona hwevanhu hunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwepathogenic, nepo mukutsvagisa kwesainzi hunoshandiswa kudzora kukura kwehutachiona uye kusarudza hutachiona hwekurima murabhoritari.