Uqala phi xa uthetha nge-EMS e-Afrika? Sisetyenziselwa ukucinga malunga nee-ERs kunye neenkonzo zeenqwelo zezigulana njengesiseko sayo nayiphi na imeko kaxakeka. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka basebenze ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhathalelo olusebenzayo kwaye kulula ukuyithetha kunokuba yenziwe.

I-EMS kwihlabathi liphela: ingxaki yokwenyani yemimandla ethile yehlabathi, njenge-EMS eAfrika, yinkqubo. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yezonyango engxamisekileyo esebenzayo, inkonzo yeenqwelo zezigulana, amasebe kaxakeka kunye nezixhobo azinakusebenza ngendlela eyiyo, kwaye ngaphandle kwemfundo efanelekileyo kunye noqeqesho, ngubani oza kusebenza kule nkqubo? Kwaye ngubani oza kusebenza kwi- ii-ambulensi?

Yonke le mibuzo ixhomekeke komnye umbuzo oyingqayizivele: indlela yokwenza ngayo? Sathetha nabo UProfesa Terrence Mulligan, Umqambisene kunye noMongameli we-IFEM Foundation, obambe inkomfa ngexesha Umboniso wezeMpilo we-Afrika 2019 malunga nalo Ukuphuhliswa kweMpilo yoLuntu oluPhezulu.

Injani imeko ye-EMS e-Afrika?

"Ndiye ndaqeqeshwa e-US kwi-Erger Medicine. Kukho ii-6 okanye ii-7 kumayeza angxamisekileyo aphuhlisiwe ngokupheleleyo, amanye amazwe amaninzi aphakathi kophuhliso, ngelixa amaninzi amazwe asekuqaleni kwawo okanye awazange aqalise, njengemimandla yaseAfrika. Emva koqeqesho Uxanduva lwezoNyango oluPhezulu, Ndifumana uqeqesho olungaphezulu emva koko indlela yokuseka inkqubo.

Kwisikolo ezininzi, bakufundisa indlela yokunyamekela izigulane kodwa abakunifundisi indlela yokwakha inkqubo, ngoko ke olunye uhlobo lwekhono. Kunjalo, ukunyamekela izigulane kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa uyazi nendlela yokusekwa inkqubo yoqeqesho, indlela yokusebenza kunye namaziko kaRhulumente kaRhulumente, indlela yokufumana ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kunye nezinto ezifana nenkxaso-mali kunye neendlela zezimali ze-inshurensi, umzekelo. Kwakhona kwimigaqo-nkqubo, imimiselo yempilo. Unokufumana iimpendulo kuyo nayiphi na indawo yonyango lonyango. Ngoko ukwakha inkqubo yonyango yongxamisekileyo ifana ukwakha inkqubo kwinkqubo.

Kuloo ndawo unayo abantu ukuba baphathe imfundo kunye noogqirha, ngelixa kwelinye icala, unolwazi indlela yokuqhuba isebe elingxamisekileyo, indlela yokuseta inkqubo yo qeqesho. Phuhliso ngononophelo lwengonyango ihamba ngaphaya kolwazi ngokhathalelo ngokwaso. Iquka yonke inkqubo.

Uthatha inxaxheba njani kuphuhliso lonyango lwamazwe eAfrika iphela?

Nda ndakanya Ukunakekelwa ngonyango lwe-Afrika, esebenza Mzantsi Afrika apho kwi-2004 ndaqala kwaye apho sinokufumana iinkqubo eziphambili kwilizwe lonke lase-Afrika. Ndabancedisa ekumiseni iinkqubo zoqeqesho kodwa kunye nokuphathwa kunye nokulawula nokunika ezinye uqeqesho oluphambili. Kodwa xa ndiqala kunye nabo, babengenayo inqanaba le-zero. Emva kokusebenza nabo ixesha elide, kwi-2008 yayisetyenziswe African Federation of Emergency Medicine (AFEM) kwaye yaqala ngeprojekthi yokuba yi-yoluntu yoluntu oluxakekileyo. Ngubani owenza lo msebenzi? Ziziphi amazwe adizayo ukuqala ukwakha inkqubo yonyango yongxamisekileyo? Ngubani ojongene nalo msebenzi? Iimpendulo zinokuba ngabaxhamli abambalwa, kodwa oko baqhele ukukwenza kukusekwe uluntu lwezonyango.

Xa sakha i-AFEM, sasifanele ukukunceda ukwakha kuluntu lwezonyango kwilizwe lamaAfrika. Xa zakhiwe iinkonzo zonyango zongxamisekileyo, ngoko ilizwe ngalinye liyakwazi ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zalo. Ngoku, amazwe e-8 e-Afrika anemibutho yonyango engxamisekileyo, kwaye ndicinga ukuba i-9 ine-specialty medicine ekhethekileyo. Izibalo zikhuthaza kwaye izinto zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye unyaka ngamnye, ilizwe elitsha e-Afrika lihamba phambili. Nangona kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi zikhona ii-60 kumazwe apho iyeza eliphuthumayo libonwa njengezodwa, sithemba ukuba kwiminyaka elandelayo ye-15 iAfrika iza kukwazi ukuqala ixesha elitsha leyeza eliphuthumayo ngenxa yolu phuhliso. "

Olunye ubunzima luyintlukwano phakathi kwamazwe aseAfrika. Iilwimi kunye neenkcubeko zingaba njani izithintelo zokumiswa?

"Ukwahlukana lixabiso esiza kuluqwalasela, njengaye ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo, iilwimi kwaye iinkcubeko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sibajonge, sinokufumanisa ukuba zifana kakhulu kunokuba zihluke ngokukhawuleza. Ekubeni e-Afrika kukho ukunyuswa kwemfuno yabantu kunye ukusasazeka kwimeko yesifo kunezinye iidolophu zamazwe aseNtshona, ayikho i-100% ehlukileyo, kungekhona i50%, nangenxa yokuba izikhokelo zakhiwa ngokuhambelana namazwe amaninzi.

Kwiindawo apho oku kuphuhliswe khona, sele sele sele isisombululo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokubanzi, kwiingxaki ze-700, i-200 yinkxalabo yabantu bonke, ngelixa elinye i-500 lingeyakho kwaye liphezulu kuwe ukulibala. Kwamazwe amaninzi aseAfrika, ngokukodwa, kufuneka bahlonele zabo izithethe. I-30% yamazwe kufuneka ibuyiswe kwakhona kuyo yonke into, ngelixa I-70% isele inomgangatho.

Sisazi ngokubanzi okanye ngaphantsi koko ogqirha kufuneka uyenze, yintoni na eliphuthumayo isebe kufuneka ijongeke, njengombono wokuba ungakanani urhulumente ekufuneka ebandakanyeke, kwaye zeziphi izibonelelo onokuzilindela. Ke ngoko sibeka ikharityhulamu kunyango olungxamisekileyo loMbutho wase-Afrika. Ikharityhulamu yinto ekufuneka uyifundisile kwaye ikharityhulamu yase-Afrika ingumzekelo wayo I-International Federation yamayeza oPhezulu kunye ne-10 kwiminyaka edlulileyo senze iikharityhulam abafundi bezonyango, oogqirha kunye uqeqesho olulodwa.

Ngoko senze skeleton kwikharityhulam kwaye kwabo banqwenela ukwakha ikharityhulamu kwilizwe, banako ukuxelisa ikharityhulamu ye-AFEM. I-AFEM isebenzisa ikharityhulamu kwaye iyitshintshe kancinane kwimeko yase-Afrika kuba kwezinye iindawo yahlukile kunaseYurophu okanye eNyakatho Melika, ukuqala kwezixhobo ezikhoyo kumazwe amaninzi aseNtshona zahluke ngokupheleleyo e-Afrika. Banokwazi ukuhambisa unonophelo oluphezulu emva kokufundiswa yikharityhulam, kodwa abanako ukukwenza, kuba banokuba neengxaki ezininzi kuphela kwiSebe eliphuculweyo, ngoko ke ikharityhulam kufuneka iguqulwe ngokwemiqathango. Ukuba uqala inkqubo yoqeqesho kufuneka uqwalaselwe ukutshintsha imiba ethile, njengegama lamachiza. I-IFEM kunye ne-AFEM sele isebenza ecaleni WHO ukwenzela ukwakha ukwahlula okuchanekileyo ngononophelo lwengxamiseko. Ukusebenza kunye ne-WHO, i-IFEM kunye ne-AFEM zidale izixhobo zokuvavanya ngoku ukuvumela isicelo esisesikweni esiseduze nesibhedlele; wIsimo se-hat imeko yonyango olungxamisekileyo ukhona ngoku? Loluphi uhlobo izixhobo uyafuna? Nje ukuba iinkqubo ziqinisekiswe yi-WHO ziqala ukubaluleka kwihlabathi. "

Kulo phuhliso oluza kugxininiswa ekunakekeleni kwangaphambi kwesibhedlele, yiyiphi indawo imisebenzi ye-ambulensi?

Uhlobo oluphambili esimele siwuncede ngalo inkonzo ye-ambulensi yincinci yenkqubo yokunakekelwa kwe-prehospital. Oko sikuzama ukwakha ulwazi e-Afrika yiyo utyando lweenkonzo. Eyona nto, i ikhefu lokusinda. Umba kukuba: kwezinye iindawo, mhlawumbi ii-ambulensi (okanye Iithuthuthu) ozisa kuqala ukunakekelwa, Kodwa amalungu angamalungu asebenzayo mhlawumbi aqeqeshelwa ukuhlangabezana noxakeka abaye bayithumela, okanye mhlawumbi abazi ukuba basebenzise njani izixhobo. Ngaphezulu, izibonelelo ezincinci kunye nezibonelelo zenza le nkqubo ibe nzima nakakhulu.

Ukunyamekela kwe-ambulance yinxalenye yongxamiseko kunye nokunyamekela ngengozi kodwa akufanele kube yinto yokuqala esiza kugxila kuyo. Simele sicinge nge inkqubo yokunyamekela njengepiramidi, kwaye nganye ibhloko linalo ixesha lokugqiba. Ngokomzekelo, eminye imisebenzi ingathatha iminyaka yokugqiba. Yaye ke ukuba kuya kuthatha iminyaka elishumi, awuyi kulinda iminyaka elishumi ukwenza oko, unokuqala ngoku. Kwenzeka rhoqo ukuba xa abaninzi becinga ngexakeka bacinga ngeenkonzo ze-ambulensi. Sinalo ngxoxo kumazwe amaninzi apho uRhulumente edibanise khona kwaye wathi banemoto yee-ambulensi ukunikela kunye nokuba sinokwakha ngxakeko. Nangona kunjalo, akulula.

I-EMS e-Afrika: ukubaluleka kwezixhobo ze-ambulensi kunye nabantu abaqeqeshiweyo

Ama-ambulance kufuneka afikelele kule nkqubo kuba le mibuzo ilandelayo: ngubani oza kusebenza apho? Unjani uhlobo lwezixhobo onalo? Ngaba aba bantu baqeqeshiwe? Kwakhona kuba kufuneka sicinge ukuba malunga ne-70% yezigulane ziza izibhedlele ngaphandle kwe-ambulensi. Zivame ukuza zodwa. Izizathu zingaba zininzi kwaye zihluke, iingxaki azixhomekekanga kakhulu, zihlala kwiindawo ezikude, zithintela iimeko zangempela. Nangona kunjalo, inyani le nyaniso kukuba abantu bambalwa basebenzisa i-ambulensi inkonzo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ibalulekileyo kukuphucula kwaye, kwiindawo ezithile, ukudala ngokujonga yonke inkqubo yokunyamekela.

Ukuqeqesha abaqeqeshi, ukufundisa ootitshala. Nantsi indlela yokuqala. Singakwenza oku esibhedlele, okanye kwipyunivesithi, okanye kwindlela echanekileyo kwilizwe lonke ngeenkqubo ezithile. Ngoko oogqirha ekutyunjeni bangakwazi ukufunda oogqirha kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo kuba banokuba nomdla wokuza kumachiza e-EM, kodwa abanako ukungazi ngesifo sezempilo esiphuthumayo. Ngoko siyakwazi ukuqeqesha ubuchule bokuqala kwaye aba qeqeshi baqala ukuqeqesha abantu babo kwaye sinokubanceda bahlele ezo nkqubo zoqeqesho.

Inkonzo ye-ambulance ayiyena inyathelo lokuqala ocinga ukuba ilungile ukuthatha. Kwamanye amazwe, kukho iinkonzo ze-ambulensi, njengeSt. John Ambulance, i-Red Cross, njalo njalo. Ngoko ngoku, ziziphi iimeko ezifunekayo ekufuneka zithathwe kumazwe apho ezi zinto zisebenza? Ayenzi nantoni na ukuba neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo ze-ambulensi inkonzo ukuba ungenayo inkqubo efanelekileyo yokuxakeka. Izinto ezikhoyo e-Afrika zininzi kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, eKapa, ​​kukho iinkonzo eziphuthumayo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu. Abanye baqhutywa urhulumente, abanye bazimeleyo. Kodwa uninzi lweenkonzo zexakeka e-Afrika ziphantsi. Lapho sifuna ukuqala-apho sicinga ukuba kungcono ukuqala-kuvela kwiinkonzo eziphuthumayo.

Simele sikhumbule ukuba kuphela i-30% yabantu abaza kwizibhedlele nge-ambulensi. Ngokukodwa e-Afrika, apho kungekho zibonelelo zengaphambi kwesibhedlele kwaye abantu baphila ngaphezu kwemizuzu ye-30 kwisibhedlele esiseduze, ngoko kufuneka bahambe okanye baqhube iithuthuthu, iibhayisikili ukufikelela kuyo. Xa ndasebenza eNdiya, ndafumana iingxaki ezifanayo kwaye senza umsebenzi omhle apho. Ungangena esibhedlele e-Afrika kwaye kuvela ukuba yi-ER kuphela. Akuncinci ukwazi izixhobo, ubuchule kodwa yindawo apho abantu bayaqaphela ukuba kufuneka bahambe khona. Ngoko xa siqaphela ezo zindonga ze-4 njengesibhedlele siqala ukuqeqesha abantu khona, ukwenzela ukuba singabi yindawo kuphela apho kunakekelwa khona kodwa indawo apho unesi noogqirha bangafunda ukukwenza. "

I-EMS Afrika: ngawaphi amanyathelo okuqala eprojekthi kwaye ifikile phi?

"Abantu ababandakanyekayo okanye abanomdla wokuba bexhepha okanye i-ambulance system, kufuneka baqonde ukuba kukho uluntu olukhulu lwabantu abangaboni nje kuphela iingcali kwi-EM nakwexinzelelo olungxamisekileyo kodwa abantu abaneengcali ekwakheni inkqubo kwilizwe. Abantu abavela kwihlabathi lonke elikufundisa indlela yokwakha inkqubo yonyango engxamisekileyo apho kungekho nto, indlela yokwenza apho kukho into esele ikhona. Kule minyaka elishumi, ubuchule be-AFEM bukwazi ukudala i-EMS elungileyo kumaninzi aseAfrika. Umzekelo, ngoku iTanzania ineenkqubo ze-2 zoqeqesho, iGhana ine-4 ne-Kenya ine-2. Kwaye kunzima kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha kulula ukwenza isistim ngokupheleleyo apho kungekho nto. "