Iintlobo, oonobangela kunye nobungozi bezi ziganeko zendalo

Iinyikima ziya kuhlala zibangela uloyiko. Bamele uhlobo lwesiganeko esingantsonkothanga nje kuphela ukuqikelela - ngokungenakwenzeka kwezinye iimeko - kodwa banokumela iziganeko zamandla atshabalalisayo kangangokuba babulale amawakawaka abantu okanye babenze bangabi namakhaya kuzo zonke iintsuku zabo.

Kodwa ziziphi iindidi ngeendidi zeenyikima ezinokonakalisa ngokwenene zize zibutshabalalise ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla? Makhe sijonge imizekelo embalwa kunye nolunye ulwazi olongezelelweyo.

Ubunzulu, kwaye kuthetha ukuthini kwi-epicenter

Ngamanye amaxesha umbuzo uye ucace: ingaba ubunzulu bunokuba ngumba obalulekileyo kwi- inyikima? Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba inyikima enzulu inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu, kodwa inyaniso yahluke ngokupheleleyo. Nangona inyikima enzulu isenokubangela amathandabuzo amaninzi malunga apho olandelayo uya kubetha, ezona nyikima zitshabalalisayo ngoku zezo zidla ngokuvakala zisondele kumphezulu. Inyikima isondele kumphezulu, ngoko ke, umonakalo omkhulu, kwaye ingenza iinzame zokuhlangula zibe nzima njengoko umhlaba unokuqhekeka kwaye uhambe.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini kuphela, kodwa kukho oonobangela abaninzi

Ukuphendula ingxabano ephambili: kukho iindidi ezimbini, i-subsultory kunye ne-undulatory. Uhlobo lokuqala lwenyikima lushukumisa yonke into ngokuthe nkqo (ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi) kwaye kaninzi ukwenzeka kwindawo ye-epicenter. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inyikima engabonakaliyo - eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu - ihambisa yonke into ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene (kunye nokunye). Kwimeko yokugqibela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iinkqubo eziphuthumayo.

Noko ke, kukho oonobangela abahlukeneyo bokwenzeka kwenyikima. Umzekelo, iinyikima zendalo yetectonic zenzeke ngenxa yentshukumo yeempazamo, zezona zakudala kwaye zezona zinamandla. Kuphinde kubekho ezo zendalo yentaba-mlilo, ezisoloko zisenzeka kummandla weentaba-mlilo ezisaqhushumbayo kwaye azinamandla kangako. Ukuwa kweenyikima, kwelinye icala, kwenzeka ngenxa yokudilika komhlaba kwiintaba - kwaye kwakhona sisiganeko esihlala kwindawo. Iinyikima ezenziwe ngabantu, ezibangelwa lugqabhuko-dubulo okanye ezinye izinto ezikwisinye, zinokwenziwa ngumntu (umzekelo, ibhombu yeathom inokubangela inyikima enkulu ye-3.7).

Ngokuthi ga ubukhulu ixhalabile, ilula: uhamba ngezikali ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukuphakama kobunzima, kokukhona kuyingozi ngakumbi ukungcangcazela. Umzekelo, xa kujongwa inyikima ye-7 magnitude kunye nobunzulu be-10km e-Alaska, unogada wonxweme walunyukiswa ukuba abeke iliso kwingozi ye-tsunami - kuba ezi nyikima zinokuba neziphumo ezininzi.