Ngaba ukukhuluphala kunye neAlzheimer zinxulumene? Uphando malunga nobomi obutofotofo bexesha lobomi kunye nolwalamano lwengqondo
Kukho uphononongo oluqhubekayo, oluxhaswa ngemali ngumbutho weAlzheimer, ojolise ekuphandeni ifuthe lokudalwa yimeko yokuba nesifo sokudakumba kuya kubakho kwingqondo. Kubonakala ngathi i-micro kunye ne-macrostosition yemimandla yobuchopho ifumana ifuthe elinzima.
Eli nqaku linqwenela ukuhlalutya ukuba isifundo sijonge ntoni kwaye sizama ukuchaza iziphumo esikhokelela kuzo. Ukutyeba kakhulu kuya kuthelekiswa nesimo esisekiweyo somngcipheko wemfuza we-LOAD (iSifo se-Alzheimer eLate). Apha siza kuhlalutya indlela yolu phononongo, oluqhutywa iminyaka emi-3. Ngokukodwa umbuzo ngulo, ngaba ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kunye ne-Alzheimer zihlobene?
Kutheni le nto umbutho weAlzheimer wagqiba kwelokuba uxhase uphando malunga nokukhuluphala kunye nobudlelwane beAlzheimer?
Esi siphakamiso sinokuvelisa ubungqina bokwenyani ngokubhekisele kokuthintela okanye ubuncinci ukulibazisa ukuqalisa kwesifo se-Alzheimer's. Xa ujonga ukwanda kwesifo sokutyeba kakhulu kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, oku kubonakala njengowona mgca uphezulu wokubuza. Le projekthi inxibelelanisa iindawo ezimbini eziphambili zenkxalabo yezempilo yoluntu kwaye iya kwenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwizikhokelo zolawulo lwendlela yokuphila, ukongeza ekwandiseni ukuqonda kwethu iinkqubo zomzimba ezichaphazelekayo.
Ngaba ukukhuluphala kunye ne-alzheimer zinxulumene? Uqale njani
Isihloko seNzululwazi: Ukwahluka komntu ngamnye kubomi obuphakathi kwinqanaba lokuzalwa kunye ne-APOE genotype njengezinto ezinobungozi besifo sengqondo esichaphazela ulwakhiwo lobuchopho kunye nokuqonda? Isifundo esinqamlezayo secandelo le-MRI.
Ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zezona ngxaki zinkulu zempilo yoluntu kwiHlabathi laseNtshona. Uphononongo lwe-Epidemiological lubonisa ukuba ukutyeba kwe-midlife kuphinda kabini umngcipheko we-Late Starting Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD). Ke ngoko, utshintsho olunxulumene ne-adiposity ebuchosheni lunokubonelela ngeempawu zebhayoloji kumngcipheko womntu wokuphuhlisa i-LOAD, iminyaka emininzi phambi kokuqala kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Olu phononongo lujolise ekuphandeni ifuthe le-midlife adiposity kwi-micro- kunye ne-macrostructure kwimimandla yengqondo ye-limbic kunye nokuqonda. Utshintsho olunxulumene ne-adiposity luya kuthelekiswa nemeko yomngcipheko wofuzo osekiweyo we-LOAD, ukuthwala i-APOE ?4 allele. Lo msebenzi uya kuseka ikhonkco kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezi zinto eziqhelekileyo zomngcipheko.
Ngaba ukukhuluphala kunye ne-alzheimer zinxulumene? Yintoni esele siyazi
Ukutyeba kakhulu kubomi obuphakathi kuyiphinda-phinde umngcipheko wokukhula kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kwiminyaka ethile ezayo, kodwa iindlela ezilandelanayo phakathi konxibelelwano zihlala zingaziwa.
Ingqondo iqulethe 'izinto ezingwevu' kunye 'nemicimbi emhlophe'. Umba wempunga uqukwa 'yimizimba' yeeseli zemithambo. Umba omhlophe uqukethe ukunxibelelana phakathi kweeseli kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho - umhlophe kuba olu nxibelelwano lugutyungelwe yi-myelin, ungqimba lwamafutha olukhuselayo kunye olukhawulezayo nonxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli. Umcimbi omhlophe osempilweni ubalulekile kunxibelelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kwemimandla yobuchopho eyahlukeneyo.
Ukutyeba ngokugqithisileyo kuye kwanxulunyaniswa ngophando kunye noogxa bakhe ekuthini buthathaka 'kwindlela' yomcimbi omhlophe, obizwa ngokuba yifolokhwe. I-fornix idibanisa indawo yengqondo ebaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni nakwinkumbulo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-hippocampus, nakweminye imimandla yobuchopho.
Umonakalo kunye nokuwohloka ngaphakathi kwe-hippocampus kuqhele ukuba yinto ephambili yesifo i-Alzheimer's, kwaye ke ngoko umonakalo ekuxhumekeni nehippampus unokuhambelana nophuhliso lwesifo. Impilo yeFornix iphinde yacetyiswa njengesibikezeli sophuhliso lokulimala komoya obuthathaka ekwaluphaleni.
Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ukutyeba kakhulu emzimbeni kunokukhokelela kutshintsho olunzima olwenze ukuba ingqondo ibe sesichengeni kakhulu kwi-neurodegeneration. Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane phakathi kokutyeba ngakumbi ebomini kunye nobume bobuchopho, ngakumbi kubudlelwane nokunxibelelana kwimiba emhlophe njenge-fornix, akuqondwa kakuhle.
Ngapha koko, i-gene APOE idlala indima yokuhambisa amanqatha afunekayo kulungiso lwe-myelin - ifom enye yale gene, i-APOE4, yandisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo se-Alzheimer emva kwexesha, kwaye akucaci ukuba ngaba i-APOE4 idlala indima kulwalamano phakathi komzimba amanqatha kunye nemiba emhlophe yezempilo.
Ngaba ukukhuluphala kunye neAlzheimer zinxulumene? Iindlela zokufunda
I-180 yabantu abadala (iminyaka engama-35-65) iyakuthathelwa amanyathelo ngokwakhiwa komzimba kunye ne-APOE genotype kunye nempilo yeentliziyo ezirekhodiweyo. I-MRI iya kusetyenziselwa ukuchaza ubungakanani bemicimbi engwevu neyimhlophe kwingqondo kunye nememori yokusebenza engasasebenziyo kunye nememori ye-episodic enika ingqalelo kwi-APOE genotype, iya kuqeshwa ukuqikelela utshintsho olusebenzayo.
Ngaba ukukhuluphala kunye neAlzheimer zinxulumene? Iziphumo
Olu phononongo luza kuchonga ukuba ingaba ukukhuluphala kobomi obusebusuku kunxulunyaniswa nephethini yendlela yokutshintsha kwengqondo ngokuthelekiswa naleyo iphawulwe kwi-APOE? 4 abathwali. Iziphumo ziya kusinceda ekuqondeni kwethu ukuba izinto zempilo yobomi babantwana ziyayichaphazela njani ingozi yomngcipheko wokuwohloka kwesifo sengqondo esiyingozi. Ukucingelwa inoveli kunye nokuziphatha okubonakalayo kwengozi yobomi bokubeka esichengeni kunokuvula indlela yezifundo zongenelelo kwangoko ngexesha apho iimpembelelo kulwakhiwo lobuchopho nomsebenzi zinokubuyela umva. Olu phononongo linyathelo lokuqala kuphuhliso lwe-biomarkers ezinje.
Oku kuyakubanceda njani abantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?
Iziphumo zolu phononongo ziya kunceda ukuqonda kwethu malunga nokuba impilo yaphakathi-kubomi ichaphazela njani umngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ukuchonga abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunokudlala indima kunyango nakwindlela zongenelelo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.
