I-peritoneum yincindi, ephantse yacaca, i-mesothelial inwebu ye-serous efumaneka kwisisu esenza ulwelwesi lwesisu kunye nenxalenye ye-pelvic cavity (parietal peritoneum), kwaye igqume indawo enkulu ye-viscera equlethwe ngaphakathi kwayo (visceral peritoneum). ), ngelixa elifanayo lizifake kwiindonga zombhobho (i-viscera ligaments)

Igama elithi peritoneum lisuka kwigama lesiGrike elithi περί (perì ) elithetha ukujikeleza kunye no τονείος (tonéios) elithetha ukugquma, elisuka kwisenzi esithi τείνω (téinō), ukugquma: enyanisweni, iperitoneum lilungu eligquma amalungu omzimba. isisu kunye nodonga lwesisu.

I-peritoneum yeyona inkulu kuzo zonke ii-membrane ze-serous kwaye, ngenxa yokucwangciswa kwayo, nayo inzima kakhulu

Obu bunzima buvela ngaphezu kwayo yonke into yokuba endaweni yokudibanisa ilungu elinye elinobuso obufanayo, njengoko kunjalo ngepleura egquma imiphunga okanye i-pericardium ebeka intliziyo, elingana nesisu, i-peritoneum igubungela izihlandlo ezininzi. amalungu, acwangciswe kwaye alungelelaniswe ngezona ndlela zininzi kwaye zinemilo engaqhelekanga.

I-peritoneum ye-visceral, ngokuhambelana nesi sitenxo, iphinda yenza iifolthi ezinkulu phakathi kwamalungu; Umzekelo omangalisayo yi-omentum enkulu, eyolula njengefaskoti phezu kobunzima bamathumbu, iqala kwigophe elikhulu lesisu.

I-peritoneum yenziwe ngumaleko ongaphezulu weeseli ze-mesothelial ezixhaswa ziziqwenga ezicekethekileyo ze-extraperitoneal tishu ezixhumeneyo, ezithi kwimimandla ethile zityebe ngakumbi kwii-lobules ezinamafutha, ezinjengezintso, ingingqi ye-inguinal, ukuphindaphindwa okuthile kwe-peritoneum kunye nangaphandle. umphezulu wamathumbu amakhulu; kubonakala ngathi oku kuqokelelwa kwamafutha kwenza umsebenzi wokukhusela kunye nokuxhasa amalungu. I-peritoneum ayisebenzi nje njengomgca kunye nenkxaso ye-viscera yesisu, kodwa 'njenge-conduit' yegazi kunye nemithambo ye-lymph kunye nemithambo-luvo yommandla wesisu.

I-peritoneum, njengenye i-serous membranes, iqulethe i-lamina encinci eqhubekayo

Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yayo kwisigxina sesisu, iyahlukaniswa

• i-parietal peritoneum, umaleko ongaphandle, obeka indawo yangaphakathi yeendonga zesisu se-pelvic;
• i-visceral peritoneum, eyona maleko engaphakathi, egquma uninzi lwe-viscera equlethwe kumgodi wesisu.

Phakathi kwezi maleko zimbini kukho isithuba, esibizwa ngokuba ngumgodi we-peritoneal (okanye umngxuma), ovalwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ke ngoko kukho umngxuma obonakalayo ozaliswe kuphela sisixa esincinci (malunga ne-50 ml) ye-serous fluid esebenza njenge-lubricant, evumela Imigangatho emibini ukutyibilika kunye ngaphandle kokukhuhlana okugqithisileyo.

I-Visceral peritoneum, kunye nokugotywa kwayo okuninzi malunga namalungu esisu, yehlisa i-peritoneal cavity ibe yindawo encinci ephantse ibe yinyani.

Amanye amalungu esisu agutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo yi-peritoneum kwaye anikwe iphecana eliphindwe kabini, elibizwa ngokuba yi-meso (umzekelo, i-mesentery yamathumbu amancinci, i-mesocolon yekholoni, i-mesometrium yesibeleko, njalo njalo), edibanisa nabo. kwi-parietal peritoneum yodonga lwesisu.

Kwezinye iimeko, njengakwi-mesentery, umaleko oqulathe amaphepha amabini adityanisiweyo e-visceral peritoneum ithande ukudityaniswa nelinye iphepha, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugotyweni kwayo okuzifakela kudonga olungasemva lwesisu ecaleni komgca otyebileyo osuka kwi-duodenal. -Digiunal flexure ukuya iliac fossa ekunene.

Kwezinye izitho, ezifana ne-duodenum kunye ne-colon enyukayo kunye neyokuhla, i-peritoneum yenza i-lining engaphelelanga, ishiya ezinye iindawo ezingabonakaliyo zidibene nodonga lwangasemva lwesisu.

I-peritoneum ihlulwe ibe yimimandla emibini emikhulu, exhunywe yi-epiploic foramen

I-peritoneal cavity enkulu (okanye i-peritoneum ye-peritoneal cavity ngokufanelekileyo).

I-mesocolon enqamlezileyo ichonga:

• Indawo ye-Supra-mesocolic
• Isithuba esingaphantsi kwe-submesocolic, sahlulwe sazisiqingatha ezibini ze-asymmetrical, ekunene nasekhohlo, nge-mesentery. Ilungelo lincinci, livaliwe kwinqanaba le-cecum, ngelixa i-sub-mesocolic space ivulekile kwi-pelvis, ihlulwe kule nto yi-mesosigma.

I-omental bursa (okanye i-peritoneal cavity encinci)

Umntu unokwahlula:

• I-omentum encinci (i-omentum ye-gastrohepatic okanye i-epiploon encinci) idityaniswe kwigophe elincinci lesisu kunye nesibindi (nge-ligaments: i-hepatogastric kunye ne-hepatoduodenal, i-pars flaccida kunye ne-pars densa ngokulandelelana).
• I-omentum enkulu (okanye i-omentum ye-gastrocolic okanye i-epiploon enkulu okanye i-epiploic apron) isuka kwi-visceral peritoneum ejikeleze udonga olungasemva kunye nodonga lwangaphambili lwesisu, iqala ukusuka kwigophe elikhulu lesisu kwaye yehla njengefaskoti phambi kweelophu zesisu. amathumbu amancinci kumgca wethiyori odlula kwi-anterosuperior iliac crests, kwaye emva koko ijika ukwenza i-loop anteroposteriorly kwaye idibanise phezulu kwikholoni eguquguqukayo, (amaphecana ama-4 ewonke); yenza umsebenzi wokuhlukanisa kunye nokukhusela amathumbu.

I-Inguinal dimple

I-inguinal dimples ngamacandelo e-parietal leaflet ye-peritoneum, ethi, iphumle kwi-fascia eguquguqukayo, yenza i-dimples kwicala langaphakathi lodonga lwangaphambili lwesisu.

Zahlulwe zaba:

• Idimple ye-inguinal yangaphandle: le ifumaneka ngakwicala kwiinqanawa ze-epigastric ezingaphantsi.
• I-Mid inguinal dimple: ilele phakathi kwemithambo ye-epigastric engaphantsi kunye ne-lateral ligament ye-umbilical (i-obliteated umbilical artery);
• I-internal inguinal dimple: ilele phakathi kwe-lateral umbilical ligament kunye ne-median umbilical ligament (i-urachus ecinyiweyo).

Ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo ze-peritoneal

Izakhiwo ezibekwe kwisisu zihlelwa njenge-intraperitoneal, i-retroperitoneal okanye i-infraperitoneal ngokusekelwe ekubeni ngaba ngokwenene zigutyungelwe yi-visceral peritoneum kunye nobukho okanye ukungabikho kwe-mesenteries.

Izakhiwo ze-Intraperitoneal zihlala zihamba, ngelixa izakhiwo ze-retroperitoneal zizinzileyo kwindawo yazo.

Amanye amalungu, anjengezintso, achazwa njenge 'primarily retroperitoneal', ngelixa amanye amalungu, njengenxalenye enkulu ye-duodenum kunye ne-pancreas (ngaphandle komsila, ongaphakathi kwe-intraperitoneal), zithathwa njenge-'secondarily retroperitoneal' , oku kuthetha ukuba la malungu aphuhliswe njenge-intraperitoneal kwaye kamva, ngokuphulukana ne-meso yawo, yaba yi-retroperitoneal.

Iipathologies

Njengamanye amalungu, i-peritoneum nayo iphantsi kwe-pathologies, ebandakanya i-acute okanye engapheliyo, i-diffusse okanye iinkqubo zokudumba ezinqamlekileyo (i-peritonitis, i-perivisceritis, i-abscesses), ye-non-specific or specific nature.

Anqabile kakhulu amathumba aphambili, anje ngefibromas, lipomas, myxomas, mesotheliomas, sarcomas, kunye nesesibini ngenxa yemetastases evela kwamanye amalungu.

I-Pneumoperitoneum, njenge-pneumothorax kwi-thoracic cavity, kubukho begesi ngaphakathi kwi-peritoneal cavity, enokuthi yenzeke xa kukho ukugqobhoza kwesisu okanye amathumbu; oku kudala imeko eyingozi kakhulu, njengoko kukhatshwa kukugqobhoza kudla ngokuvuza ulwelo olusuka esiswini okanye emathunjini, olunokubangela uhlobo olunzima lwe-peritonitis.

I-Peritonitis yimeko yokuvuvukala kwe-membrane kunye / okanye i-peritoneal cavity eyenzeka kwiimeko zokubhoboza okanye ukuqhambuka okusulelayo kwi-viscera yesisu, okanye zombini kunye.

Sisifo esikhokelela kumfanekiso onzima weklinikhi kwaye kaninzi kufuna ukungenelela okungxamisekileyo.

I-Ascites kukuqokelelwa okugqithisileyo kolwelo kwi-peritoneal cavity.

Iibhulorho ezibambelelayo zizakhiwo zefibrotic ezisebenzayo ezikhokelela kutshintsho kwi-anatomy eqhelekileyo kunye ne-physiology yamathumbu amancinci.

I-Peritoneal dialysis

Kuhlobo oluthile lwe-dialysis, ebizwa ngokuba yi-peritoneal dialysis, isisombululo singeniswa nge-catheter kwi-peritoneal cavity.

Olu lwelo lushiywe ngaphakathi kwesisu ixesha elithile ukuze lufunxe i-toxins ye-uremic, ethi ikhutshwe kunye nesisombululo nge-catheter esetyenziswe ngaphambili.

Oku 'kucocwa' kwenzeka ngenxa yenani elikhulu lee-capillaries kwi-peritoneal membrane ngokusebenzisa indlela yokusasazwa kwemolekyuli yezinto.

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