Ukuzamazama komhlaba: umehluko phakathi kwe-Richter scale kanye ne-Mercalli scale

By UCristiano Antonino On Apr 3, 2023

Sivame ukuzwa nge-Mercalli Scale noma i-Richter Scale uma kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla ngisho noma eminyakeni yamuva nje kukhethwa

Zombili zikala amandla we- ukuzamazama komhlaba kodwa ngomehluko obalulekile.

Isilinganiso se-Mercalli

Isilinganiso se-Mercalli, esiqanjwe ngesazi sokuzamazama komhlaba sase-Italy segama elifanayo, sihlukanisa ubukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba ngokwemiphumela yako ebonakalayo ezakhiweni.

Ukuze sibone ngokucacile umonakalo ezakhiweni kufanele sibhekane nokushaqeka kwe-7th degree kuyilapho izinga eliphezulu, le-12, lihlinzekela ukucekelwa phansi okuphelele kwawo wonke ama-artifact womuntu:

I-1st degree: ukushaqeka okungabonakali (izinsimbi kuphela ezingakuzwa);

I-2nd degree: ukushaqeka okuncane kakhulu (bambalwa abazwa ukushaqeka);

I-3rd degree: ukushaqeka okukhanyayo (ukudlidliza okuncane kuzwakala);

I-4th degree: ukushaqeka okumaphakathi (abaningi bayakuzwa futhi izinto ezingenhla ziyashwibeka);

I-5th degree: ukushaqeka okunamandla (okuzwakala abantu nezinto eziwayo);

I-6th degree: ukushaqeka okunamandla (imifantu embalwa futhi wonke umuntu uzwa ukuzamazama komhlaba);

I-7th degree: ukushaqeka okunamandla kakhulu (ngisho nabantu abalele bangakuzwa futhi ezinye izakhiwo zingalimala);

I-8th degree: ukushaqeka okulimazayo (ukucekelwa phansi kwengxenye yamadolobha nezakhiwo);

I-9th degree: ukushaqeka okulimazayo (ukucekelwa phansi kwezakhiwo nezindlu ngenani elikhulu);

I-10th degree: ukushaqeka okubhubhisa ngokuphelele (ingqikithi yokuchithwa kwamadolobha nezakhiwo ezinkulu);

Iziqu ze-11: ukushaqeka okuyinhlekelele (ukucekelwa phansi kwezindimbane zamadolobha; izisulu eziningi; izimfantu nokudilika kwenhlabathi; amaza olwandle);

Iziqu ze-12: ukushaqeka kwe-apocalyptic (ukucekelwa phansi kwayo yonke i-artifact; abambalwa abasindile; ukuguquguquka komhlabathi; igagasi elibhubhisayo lolwandle).

ULAWULO LWEZIPHUTHUMA EZIPHUTHUMAYO ZOKUVIKELA KOMPHAKATHI: VAKASHELA I-SERAMAN BOOTH EMBUKENI ESIPHUTHUMAYO

Isikali sikaRichter

Isilinganiso sesazi sokuzamazama komhlaba saseMelika u-Richter sihlose ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlolwa okunenhloso futhi kusivumela ukuthi sazi inani lamandla akhishwe ukushaqeka kanye nokulimaza kwakho.

Itholakala ngokulinganisa ubukhulu be-oscillations yomhlabathi eqoshwe ama-seismographs.

Indawo yakho yokuqala, i-degree zero, ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhiqiza i-seismogram ene-amplitude ephezulu elingana nengxenye yenkulungwane yemilimitha, eqoshwe i-seismograph etholakala kumakhilomitha ayi-100 kude ne-epicenter.

Amandla akhululiwe akhula njengoba ubukhulu bukhula: iyunithi eyodwa ngaphezulu esikalini isho amandla amakhulu ngokuphindwe kamashumi amathathu futhi ihambisana ne-oscillation amplitude enkulu ngokuphindwe kashumi.

Uma ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka phakathi nogwadule futhi ubukhulu balo be-Richter bungu-7.0 kodwa akukho monakalo ngoba indawo iwugwadule, esikalini se-Mercalli lokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kuzohlukaniswa njengo-0.

Uma ubukhulu be-7.0 Richter senzeka edolobheni elikhulu futhi buwisa zonke izakhiwo, i-Mercalli degree izoba ngu-12.

VAKASHELA IZINYAMA ZE-ADVANTEC EMPILWENI WEZIMO EZIPHUTHUMAYO UTHOLE UMHLABA WOKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMSAKAZO

Amandla okuzamazama komhlaba, ku-Richter Scale kukalwa ngobukhulu, futhi izinga ngalinye lobukhulu livame ukudala umonakalo othile emadolobheni:

ubukhulu 0-1.9: ingarekhodwa kuphela ngokufanelekile imishini;

ubukhulu 2-2.9: kuphela labo abalele phansi bezwa ukushaqeka kanye nama-pendulum anyakazayo;

ubukhulu 3-3.9: ukudlidliza okuqinile;

ubukhulu 4-4.9: buzwiwa abaningi; i-pendulum ihamba ngokuphawulekayo; izibuko namapuleti ayakhiya; umonakalo omncane;

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ubukhulu 5-5.9: wonke umuntu uyakuzwa, izindonga ziyaqhekeka futhi izakhiwo ezingaphephile kakhulu ziyawa;

ubukhulu 6-6.9: ukuwa kwezindlu; ingozi ye-tsunami; inani labantu abasengozini;

ubukhulu 7-7.9: ukwethuka; ingozi yokufa ezakhiweni, eziningi zazo eziwa;

ubukhulu 8-8.9: ingozi yokufa yonke indawo; izakhiwo ezingahlali muntu. Olwandle, amagagasi afinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-40;

ubukhulu 9-9.9: isamba sezikhukhula sezindawo okukhulunywa ngazo noma ukususwa komhlaba kanye nokufa kwabantu abaningi. Isibalo sabantu abathinteka kakhulu;

ubukhulu be-10 noma ngaphezulu: i-apocalypse; imifantu eMhlabeni, ukucekelwa phansi okuphelele kwezakhiwo zokwenziwa kanye nokwakheka kwamagagasi olwandle (lesi sigaba sinombono nje: awekho amaphutha amade ngokwanele okubangela ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kangaka).

INGABE UYAFUNA UKWAZI IMISAKAZO? VAKASHELA I-REDIO BOOTH EZINIKELWE UKUTUSA EMBUKENI ESIPHUTHUMAYO

Ingabe kungcono ukusebenzisa isikali sika-Richter noma isikali se-Mercalli?

Ayikho impendulo ecacile yalo mbuzo.

Ngenxa yezizathu ezichaziwe, kungcono ukuncika esilinganisweni se-Ricther lapho ufuna ukuba nesilinganiso esiqondile samandla okuzamazama komhlaba, futhi esikhundleni salokho uncike ekuhloleni kwe-Mercalli lapho ufuna ukuba nombono womonakalo ezintweni nakubantu. okubangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba.

Ukusebenzisa zombili izikali ndawonye cishe kuyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokuchaza umcimbi wokuzamazama komhlaba.