Ikhola yomlomo wesibeleko: masijonge ukuba zeziphi ezona zibalulekileyo zokuba ungene kwi-ambulensi ukujonga iiprothokholi.

• Kuyintoni ukunganyanzeli kwaye zenziwa ziphi izixhobo?
• Ubungakanani: kubaluleke kakhulu?
• Isetyenzwa njani ikhola yomlomo wesibeleko ngexesha likaxakeka?
• Isebenza nini ikhola yomlomo wesibeleko?
• Yeyiphi imonakalo enokufunyanwa kukusetyenziswa kakubi kwekhola yomlomo wesibeleko?
• Umboniso malunga nesicelo somqala we-cervical collar ngokwe-areU

Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni oyifaka entanyeni yakho isigulane? I-Cervical collars azifani zonke, ngoko ke masihambe siyobona umohluko phakathi ipisi enye (okanye i-mono-valve) Kunye bi-valthi ikhola. Njengoko usazi, kwiminyaka edlulileyo kuye kwakho ingxoxo eninzi malunga nesihloko ukukhutshwa. Kwelinye icala, kukho abo bakuthatha njengokuphelelwe lixesha kwaye-ngamanye amaxesha-nokuba kuyingozi kwisigulana. Kwelinye icala, kukho ezo ziqhubeka ngokuqiniseka ukuzilolonga kwaye ukukhutshwa isigulana njengenyathelo lokuthintela. Phakathi kukho iiprothokholi ezikhoyo- kumele soloko kujongwa. Izixhobo zonyango abathengisi kufuneka baphuhlise iimveliso ezingaphezulu nangaphezulu ukhululekile, iyasebenza kwaye yenzelwe ukuphucula i isigulane iimeko. Kwaye kufuneka basebenze ngokuthobela amashumi (kunye namakhulu) eeprotokholi ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi. Iimveliso ezinjalo zijolise ekunciphiseni ubunzima bentloko entloko yomlomo wesibeleko kunye nokukhusela le ndawo ekulimaleni okwesibini nakwintshukumo engalunganga. Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje i-axiom yoncedo lwezonyango-kumazwe a-EMT kunye namavolontiya kwi iigulane - ngu: "Ikhola yomlomo wesibeleko kufuneka ifakwe kubo bonke abaguli abaxhwalekileyo de kube kukwenzakala emonzakalweni wesibeleko." Ngapha koko, ikhola yomlomo wesibeleko isetyenziswa kuba - ngokophando oluthile lwesayensi. Kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa umda weentshukumo ezizenzekelayo xa isigulana sine-trauma yomlomo wesibeleko. Le mali ifikelela kwi-2-4% yabo bonke abaguli abaxakekileyo, phakathi kwabo inokwenzeka I-20% ine- Umgudu intambo nzakala.

Yintoni ukunyanzeliswa komlomo wesibeleko kwaye kusetyenziswa ntoni?

Kungcono ukuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha izixhobo zonyango ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-immobilization, ziqala kwizinto ezaziwa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenzisiwe, kungekhona nje kwiimeko eziphuthumayo kodwa kunye neminye imiba yezempilo: i-collar yomlomo wesibeleko. Eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-neck brace", esi sixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukunyakaza kwe-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeleko esisentanyeni. Ngenxa yoko, esi sixhobo sisodwa asanelanga ukukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-rachis. Endaweni yoko, kwiiprothokholi ezininzi ukusetyenziswa kwayo kudityaniswa nezinye izixhobo zokunganyangeki, ezinje ngomqolo ibhodi, i Kendrick Extrication isixhobo okanye umatrasi wevacuum.

Ngaba luhlobo luni lweekhola zesibeleko ezifumaneka kurhwebo?

Ikhola yomlomo wesibeleko isetyenziselwa unyango lweyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo kunye nethambileyo yomzimba. Ngesi sizathu, kukho izisombululo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kwezorhwebo ezilunge ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi Uncedo yokuqala imisebenzi, ukulaliswa esibhedlele ixesha elide okanye ezinye iinjongo. Kwintsimi yongxamiseko kuqhelekile ukusetyenziswa I-collars eqinileyo yomlomo wesibeleko. Ngoku siyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zeekhola:

• Ipisi enye - Yikhola elula kakhulu, equka igobolondo enye eguquguqukayo eyenziwe ngeplastiki edadayo. Xa ingasetyenziswanga iyiflethi, eyenza ukuba kube lula kakhulu ukuyigcina kwi-ambulensi nakwizixa ezikhulu. Kulungile ukukhumbula ukuba ezi khola zenzelwe i ukusetyenziswa okukodwa. Ngokwesiqhelo, ngeklip clip elula kunokwenzeka ukuba ugobe umphambili wesiqingatha, eya kubekwa phantsi kwe-chin. Endaweni yoko, i umva isiqingatha iya kufakwa phantsi kwentloko yesigulana ngendlela ethile eyenzelwe ukuphepha umngcipheko ukulimaza umgogodla wesigulana.
• Bivalve or  isiqwenga-mbini -Yenziwe izahlulo ezibini zokuhlangana ngeendlela ezimbini zeVelcro, aze enze usetyenziso lula, kuba kunokwenzeka ukufaka isiqendu esingaphambili kunye nesiqingatha sangemva ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Zonke iimodeli zekhola yomlomo wesibeleko esetyenziswe kwiimeko zongxamiseko kufuneka zibe nokuvulwa kwangaphambi kokuvumela abasebenzi bezempilo ukuba babeke iliso ekuqhubeni kwe-carotid kwaye baphumeze iindlela ezithile, ezinje nge-tracheotomy.

Ubungakanani bekhola yomlomo wesibeleko: kutheni ibaluleke kangaka?

Ubungakanani bekhola yomlomo wesibeleko kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukubanika amandla umntu onentsimbi engalunganga enkulu kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: kwelinye icala kukho umngcipheko ukuthoba intloko / intamo, ngenxa yokwolulwa kwezihlunu kunye nolwakhiwo lwerachis. Kwelinye icala, kukho umngcipheko wokuba ikhola yomlomo wesibeleko ayisebenzi injongo yayo okanye -kubi-kukuba kuthintela ezinye iindlela zempilo. Isiphelo esisengqiqweni kukuba ubukhulu obuninzi bukhona, kuya kuba lula ukufumana oyena mguli. Ngapha koko, abaxhasi bayasondela kwi inani eliphezulu leesayizi okanye-kwezinye iimeko-ukuya iikholeji zomlomo wesibeleko oko kunokuba oluhlengahlengisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe kwisigulana. Masivakalise ukuba ikholaji kufuneka ihlala ihlengahlengiswa ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwayo; ibaluleke kakhulu. Okokuqala, umntu kufuneka alinganise indawo yentamo yesigulana isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi ikhola ayisebenzisileyo. Emva koko ikhola iyasetyenziswa. Imeko inokuba nzima phantsi kweendlela zokuma ezimbalwa, ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesigulana. Kodwa kufuneka kuhlala kukhunjulwa oko xa kusetyenziswe ikhola yomlomo wesibeleko kufuneka kubekho abasebenzi bababini bezempilo, ingeyiyo eyedwa.

Isetyenzwa njani ikhola yomlomo wesibeleko ngexesha likaxakeka?

Ngaphambi kokufaka ikholaji, umntu kufuneka jonga ukuba akhona amacici, imigexo okanye iimpahla ezinokuthi zithintele isicelo esichanekileyo. Kuhlala kungcono ukususa izinto ezinjalo. Sichaze ngaphambili ukuba kufuneka kuhlala kukho abasebenzi bezempilo be-2 (ezinye iiprotokholi zifuna nabasebenzi bezempilo be3). Eyokuqala ibeka ngasemva kwentloko yesigulana kwaye ibambe kwaye ivimbe intloko nentamo ngezandla zayo, ukuze igcinwe ukungathathi hlangothi. Kwimeko enjalo intloko iyangqinelana namagxa ngokubhekisele kuzo zonke iindlela. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala komgogodla kunye nokwandisa indawo efumanekayo yomgogodla kwi-rachis.

Isigulana kufuneka sijongane phezulu, hayi ezantsi. Ubuso-perpendicular kwaye bujonge ngqo phambili - buza kulawulwa ngokuqhubayo ngowesibini i paramedic, omele azibeke phambi kwesigulana ukuze afake ikholaji. Ngelixa i-paramedic yesibini isebenzisa i-collar, eyokuqala ayinakuze ilahlekelwe nguxinzelelo entloko. Nokuba emva kokusetyenziswa kwekhola, intloko kufuneka igcinwe ingafakwanga ngesandla, kuba sisixhobo esikwaziyo ukubambisa. Ikhola emibini yomlomo wesibeleko ifakwa kwisigulana ukwenzela ukuba kwenziwe umgobho wokugunyazwa isigulana kunye nesilevu. Kuqala, kufakwa isiqingatha sangaphambili, emva koko imitya yeVelcro idluliselwa emva kwentamo ukukhusela ikholaji ejikeleze i-rachis yesigulana. Oku kuya kuthintela nakuphi na ukuguquka kwentloko kwaye kuvume ii-paramedics ukuba zongeze umva wekhola. Nje ukuba imitya yeVelcro yangaphandle ibanjiwe, akukho longezo lunokwenzeka. Ukuba ubungakanani bulungile kwaye ukuba isicelo senziwe ngokuchanekileyo, isiguli asiyi kuva nayiphi na ingxaki, okanye kungabikho mqobo ekuphefumleni nasekuginyeni.

Isebenza nini ikhola yomlomo wesibeleko?

Emva kokuba ikhola ifakiwe, umntu makaqinisekise ukuba isicelo senziwe kakuhle. Kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba ikhola inxibelelana namanye amalungu omzimba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Indawo yangaphambili kufuneka inxibelelane ne-sternum manubrium, kunye nenxalenye esezantsi ye-mandible, kwaye kamva kufuneka inqanaba kunye nekhola kunye nenxalenye esezantsi ye-ramus ethe tyaba ye-mandible.
• Inxalenye yangasemva kufuneka inxibelelane nendawo yasemva phakathi kwesikhafu, ngelixa indawo yentloko kunye ne-Velcro straps ezimbini kufuneka zihambelane nendawo yokubambisa yangaphambili yecala.

Yintoni enokundothusa xa ndisebenzisa ikhola yomlomo wesibeleko?

Isigulana sinokuba nomonakalo womlomo wesibeleko obangelwa ngu- ngxakini kwaye i-paramedic ayinakuyiqonda ade aqalise ukusebenziseka kwekhola. Ke ngoko, umntu kufuneka ajonge ngaphandle-ukusuka ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yokubeka intloko kwimeko yokungathathi hlangothi - ngenxa yemisipha yemisipha okanye intamo kunye nentloko ebuhlungu. Ngapha koko, ukuba umsebenzi wokuphefumla ubanjiwe ukucalulwa patency yomoya, ukuba isigulana sigcina iintloko ziqinile kwenye indawo okanye ukuba kukho izilonda ezibonakalayo kwi-trachea okanye kwimithambo yegazi, kuya kufuneka kuboniswane nodokotela ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke.

Kucacile ukuba, ukuba kukho imizimba yangaphandle kwizicubu ezithambileyo zentamo, okanye ukuba akunakwenzeka ukugcina ukungathathi hlangothi, isigulana kufuneka sibetheleleke kwindawo elala kuyo, siqiniseke kuqala kuko konke ukuphefumla kunye nokuhamba kwegazi kuhleli kungagungqi.

Yeyiphi imonakalo onokuyifumana kwisicelo esibi sekhola yomlomo wesibeleko?

Ngaphandle kokonakala okungafumanekiyo kumqolo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwekhola yomlomo wesibeleko kwizigulana kunokubangela iingxaki zokusebenza okulula. Asigcini nje ngokubeka emngciphekweni ukwenza umntu abe paraplegic; sibeka nomngcipheko kwezigqibo umsebenzi we oogqirha kunye nabongikazi ubunzima okanye nokuba kungenakwenzeka. Isibeleko esingalunganga somlomo wesibeleko sinokuthintela ukusebenza kwe-tracheotomy okanye kufihle inxenye ye-tracheostomies. Inokwenza iingxaki zokuphefumla okanye yenze ukuba ukuginya kube nzima. Okokugqibela - kodwa hayi okokugqibela - inokwenza isiguli ibe novalo kwaye imenze buhlungu.

Yeyiphi ikholaji yomlomo wesibeleko eyeyona icetyiswayo?

Akukho khokho lodwa licetyiswayo. Yonke into engxamisekileyo kunye noncedo ngalunye lwezonyango lwenziwa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nokulandela iiprotocol ezahlukeneyo. Kulungile ukukhumbula ukuba ikholaji yento enye, nangona kulula ukuyiphatha nokuyisebenzisa, ayisoloko izinzile kuneso sibini, esicelo sayo - endaweni yoko - sifuna umnxeba ongezelelweyo kodwa uvumele ukuchaneka okungakumbi. Xa kuvavanywa ukuba yeyiphi na into oza kuyithenga, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo iirekhodi zembali yombutho wakhe: Zingaphi ii-traumas ohlangabezana nazo inyanga nenyanga? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kuncedo lwezonyango kwiingozi zendlela ezinkulu okanye kwimeksi engxamisekileyo? Ngaba ibakho iipededics Uqeqeshelwe into enye okanye iziqwenga ezibini? Kwaye kunye nale mibuzo umntu kufuneka acinge ngale nto: Ndingakanani igumbi endinalo ukugcina amabala omlomo wesibeleko?

Ukufaka isicelo sekholam yamacala amabini esibeleko inyathelo ngesinyathelo

• I-paramedic ekhokelela ekusebenzeni ibambe kwaye ifake intloko yesigulana ngezandla ukuba ihlale ingathathi hlangothi. I-paramedic yesibini, esebenzisa ikhola:
• Hlala ecaleni kwesigulana kwindawo efanelekileyo kwaye ususe iingubo ezibekwe entanyeni yesigulana, kunye namacici, imigexo okanye nayiphi na enye into;
• Jonga ulusu ngokulimala okanye ukwenzakala kwaye ungabandakanyi nakuphi na ukophulwa kwesicelo sebala;
• I-paramedic ilinganisa intamo yesigulana. (Umlinganiso uqalwa ukusuka kokunyanzeleka uye ezantsi kumphezulu wesihlunu setrapezius);
• Qinisekisa ubungakanani bekhola (ukuzama kwicala elingaphambili lekhola, ukusuka kwiVelcro strap ukuya kumda osezantsi kwekhola);
• I-paramedic ibambe ihafu yangaphambili yekhola kwaye igobe ngokulula. Emva koko, ubeka ikhola kwikholax yomntu owenzakeleyo, aze ayitsibisele entanyeni ade ayofika phantsi komthetho:
• Emva kokufaka inxenye ephezulu, i-paramedic islayita ii-straps zokudibanisa phantsi kwentamo kwaye ziyilungise. Ngoku umphathi omkhulu we-paramedic ushenxisa abaphambili bakhe ukuba babambe isixhobo ngokukhawuleza;
• Ngelixa inkokeli yeqela ibambe ihafu yangaphambili iqinile, i-paramedic ithatha isiqingatha sangemva kwaye iyibeka phantsi kwesigulana ngasemva kwentamo;
• Wakuba ukondliwe endaweni yayo, ikholaji kufuneka ikhuselwe ngokuhambelana ngeendlela ezimbini iiVelcro, ukuba zilumke ungazitshisi, kodwa zihlala zikwindlela ethambileyo;
• Okwangoku i-paramedic ibuza kwaye iqinisekise ukuba isiguli siyayinyamezela isikhundla sekhola ngaphandle kweengxaki, ukuba ukuphefumla kwakhe akunakuphela, ukuba angawuvula umlomo wakhe kwaye ukuba ukubetha kulungile.
• Okokugqibela, ukugqitywa kokunyanzelwa, ushukumise isiguli kwisilo, ngaphakathi kweAmbulensi.

Ividiyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwekhola yomlomo wesibeleko ngokuhambelana ne-WAU (isifinyezo sase-Italiya seNgxakeko kunye neArhente yeNgingqi ye-Urgency). Umboniso ubonakalisa indlela yokufaka i-Collical Collar ngendlela efanelekileyo.