Intubation yinkqubo enokunceda ukusindisa ubomi xa umntu engakwazi ukuphefumla

Umboneleli wezempilo usebenzisa i-laryngoscope ukukhokela ityhubhu endotracheal (ETT) emlonyeni okanye impumlo, ibhokisi yezwi, emva koko.

Umbhobho uwugcina uvulekile indlela yomoya ukuze umoya ukwazi ukufikelela emiphungeni. Intubation ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwa esibhedlele ngexesha likaxakeka okanye ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Yintoni intubation?

Intubation yinkqubo apho umboneleli wezempilo ufaka ityhubhu ngomlomo okanye impumlo yomntu, emva koko wehla kwi-trachea yabo (umzila womoya / uqhoqhoqho).

Umbhobho ugcina uqhoqhoqho uvulekile ukuze umoya ungene.

Umbhobho unokudibanisa kumatshini ohambisa umoya okanye ioksijini.

Intubation ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-tracheal intubation okanye i-endotracheal intubation.

Kutheni le nto umntu kufuneka ahlaselwe?

Intubation iyimfuneko xa indlela yakho yomoya ivaliwe okanye yonakele okanye awukwazi ukuphefumla ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ezinye iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezinokukhokelela kwi-intubation ziquka:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yomoya (into ebanjwe kwindlela yomoya, ethintela ukuhamba komoya).
• Ukubanjwa kwentliziyo (ukulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza komsebenzi wentliziyo).
• Ukwenzakala okanye ukwenzakala kwakho entanyeni, isisu okanye isifuba esichaphazela indlela yomoya.
• Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo okanye izinga eliphantsi lokuziva, nto leyo enokwenza umntu angakwazi ukulawula indlela yomoya.
• Isidingo sotyando oluya kwenza ukuba ungakwazi ukuziphefumlela ngokwakho.
• Ukusilela kokuphefumla (ukuphefumla) okanye i-apnea (ukuyeka okwethutyana ekuphefumleni).
• Umngcipheko wokulangazelela (ukuphefumla kwinto okanye into efana nokutya, ukugabha okanye igazi).
• Uthini umahluko phakathi kokufakwa kwi-intubated kunye nokuba kwi-ventilator?
• Ukufakwa kwi-intubated kunye nokuba kwi-ventilator kunxulumene, kodwa azifani ncam.

Intubation yinkqubo yokufaka i-endotracheal tube (ETT) kwindlela yomoya (i-windpipe)

Umbhobho ke uqhagamshelwa kwisixhobo esihambisa umoya.

Isixhobo sinokuba yingxowa umboneleli wezempilo ayicudisayo ukutyhala umoya emzimbeni wakho, okanye isixhobo sinokuba sisitshixo sokuphefumla, esingumatshini ovuthela ioksijini kwindlela yakho yomoya nasemiphungeni.

Ngamanye amaxesha i-ventilator ihambisa umoya ngemaski, kungekhona ityhubhu.

Ngubani ongafanelanga ukuba intubated?

Kwezinye iimeko, ababoneleli bezempilo banokugqiba ekubeni akukhuselekanga ukuyifaka, njengaxa kukho ukwenzakala okukhulu kwindlela yomoya okanye umqobo ovimba ukubekwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwetyhubhu.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ababoneleli bezempilo banokuthatha isigqibo sokuvula utyando lomoya ngomqala wakho emazantsi entamo yakho.

Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yitracheostomy.

Xa unombhobho we-endotracheal endaweni ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbalwa okanye kulindeleke ukuba ube nayo iiveki, i-tracheostomy isoloko iyimfuneko.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-endotracheal intubation?

Uninzi lweenkqubo ze-intubation zenzeka esibhedlele. Ngamanye amaxesha abasebenzi beenkonzo zonyango eziphuthumayo (EMS) bafaka abantu ngaphandle kwesibhedlele.

Ngexesha lenkqubo, ababoneleli bezempilo baya:

• Faka inaliti ye-IV engalweni yakho.
• Hambisa amayeza nge-IV ukuze ulale kwaye uthintele intlungu ngexesha lenkqubo (i-anesthesia).
• Beka imaski yeoksijini phezu kwempumlo kunye nomlomo wakho ukunika umzimba wakho ioksijini eyongezelelweyo.
• Susa imaski.
• Gcoba intloko yakho emva kwaye ufake i-laryngoscope emlonyeni wakho (okanye ngamanye amaxesha impumlo yakho xa kuyimfuneko). Isixhobo sinesiphatho, izibane kunye ne-blade enqabileyo, enceda umboneleli wezempilo ukukhokela ityhubhu ye-tracheal.
• Hambisa isixhobo ngasemva komlomo wakho, uthintele amazinyo akho.
• Phakamisa i-epiglottis, i-flap yethishu ejinga emva komlomo ukukhusela i-larynx yakho (ibhokisi yelizwi).
• Yandisa incam yelaryngoscope kwilarynx yakho emva koko ungene kuqhoqhoqho.
• Gxuma ibhaluni encinci ejikeleze umbhobho we-endotracheal ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala kwindawo yoqhoqhoqho kwaye wonke umoya ophuma kwityhubhu ufikelela emiphungeni.
• Susa i-laryngoscope.
• Beka iteyiphu ecaleni lomlomo wakho okanye umtya ojikeleze intloko yakho ukuze ugcine umbhobho woqhoqhoqho.
• Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa ukuba ityhubhu ikwindawo eyiyo. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokuthatha iX-reyi okanye ngokucudisa umoya engxoweni ukuya kumbhobho nokumamela izandi zokuphefumla.

Ngaba umntu uyakwazi ukuthetha okanye ukutya xa efakwe ngaphakathi?

Umbhobho we-endotracheal udlula kwiintambo zezwi, ngoko awuyi kukwazi ukuthetha.

Kwakhona, awukwazi ukuginya xa ufakwe ngaphakathi, ngoko awukwazi ukutya okanye ukusela.

Kuxhomekeka ukuba uzakufakwa ixesha elingakanani na, ababoneleli bakho bezempilo banokukunika isondlo nge-IV okanye i-IV fluids okanye ngetyhubhu ebhityileyo eyahlukileyo efakwe emlonyeni wakho okanye empumlweni kwaye iphele esiswini sakho okanye kwizibilini ezincinci.

Isuswa njani imibhobho yoqhoqhoqho ngexesha lokukhutshwa?

Xa ababoneleli bezempilo benquma ukuba kukhuselekile ukususa ityhubhu, baya kuyisusa.

Le yinkqubo elula ebizwa ngokuba yi-extubation.

Baza ku:

• Susa iteyiphu okanye umtya obambe ityhubhu endaweni.
• Sebenzisa isixhobo esifunxayo ukususa nabuphi na ubumdaka kumzila womoya.
• Deflate ibhaluni ngaphakathi kuqhoqhoqho.
• Kuxelele ukuba uphefumlele phezulu, emva koko ukhohlele okanye ukhuphe umoya ngelixa bekhupha ityhubhu.
• Umqala wakho unokuba buhlungu kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokukhutshwa, kwaye unokuba nengxaki yokuthetha.

Ziziphi iingozi ze-intubation?

Intubation yinkqubo eqhelekileyo kwaye ikhuselekile ngokubanzi enokunceda ukusindisa ubomi bomntu.

Uninzi lwabantu luyaphola kulo ngeeyure okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa ezinye iingxaki ezinqabileyo zinokwenzeka:

• Ukuphefumla: Xa umntu efakwe ngaphakathi, unokuphefumlela umgabho, igazi okanye olunye ulwelo.
• I-Endobronchial intubation: Ityhubhu yoqhoqhoqho isenokuhla ibe nye kwezimbini, iityhubhu ezimbini ezidibanisa uqhoqhoqho kwimiphunga yakho. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-mainstem intubation.
• I-Esophageal intubation: Ukuba ityhubhu ingena kwi-esophagus yakho (ityhubhu yokutya) endaweni ye-trachea yakho, inokubangela umonakalo wengqondo okanye nokufa ukuba ayibonwa ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukungaphumeleli ukukhusela indlela yomoya: Xa i-intubation ingasebenzi, ababoneleli bezempilo basenokungakwazi ukunyanga umntu.
• Usulelo: Abantu abaye bafakwa kwi-intubated banokuhlakulela izifo, ezifana nosulelo lwe-sinus.
• Ukwenzakala: Inkqubo inokwenzakalisa umlomo wakho, amazinyo, ulwimi, iintambo zezwi okanye umoya. Ukwenzakala kunokukhokelela ekopheni okanye ekudumbeni.
• Iingxaki eziphuma kwi-anesthesia: Uninzi lwabantu lubuyela kwi-anesthesia kakuhle, kodwa abanye banenkathazo yokuvuka okanye baneengxaki zonyango.
• Uxinzelelo lwe-pneumothorax: Xa umoya uvaleleke kwisifuba sakho, oku kunokubangela ukuba imiphunga yakho iwe.

I-Endotracheal intubation yinkqubo yonyango enokunceda ukugcina ubomi xa umntu engakwazi ukuphefumla.

Umbhobho ugcina uqhoqhoqho uvulekile ukuze umoya ukwazi ukufikelela emiphungeni.

Intubation ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwa esibhedlele ngexesha likaxakeka okanye ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

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