Izinhlobo, izimbangela kanye nengozi yalezi zenzakalo zemvelo

Ukuzamazama komhlaba kuyohlala kubangela ukwesaba. Zimelela uhlobo lomcimbi ongeyona nje inkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukubikezela - cishe okungenakwenzeka kwezinye izimo - kodwa futhi zingamela izehlakalo zamandla acekela phansi kangangokuthi zibulale izinkulungwane zamakhulu abantu noma zibenze bangabi namakhaya izinsuku zabo zonke.

Kodwa yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuzamazama komhlaba ezingalimaza futhi zicekele phansi ukuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke? Ake sibheke izibonelo ezimbalwa kanye nolunye ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukujula, nokuthi kusho ukuthini ngesigameko

Kwesinye isikhathi umbuzo uba sobala: ingabe ukujula kungaba yisici esibalulekile endaweni ukuzamazama komhlaba? Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba okujulile kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu, kodwa iqiniso liphambene kakhulu. Nakuba ukuzamazama komhlaba okujulile kusengadala ukungabaza okukhulu lapho okulandelayo kuzogadla khona, ukuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisa kakhulu okwamanje yilokhu okuvame ukuzwakala kuseduze nangaphezulu. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kuseduze nangaphezulu, ngakho-ke, umonakalo omkhulu, futhi kungenza imizamo yokuhlenga ibe nzima njengoba umhlabathi nawo ungaqhekeka futhi unyakaze.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela, kodwa ziningi izimbangela

Ukuphendula impikiswano eyinhloko: kunezinhlobo ezimbili, i-subsultory kanye ne-undulatory. Uhlobo lokuqala lokuzamazama komhlaba lunyakazisa yonke into iqonde phezulu (kusuka phezulu kuye phansi) futhi kuvame ukwenzeka endaweni yesigameko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuzamazama komhlaba okungaqondakali - okubuye kube yingozi kakhulu - kuhambisa yonke into ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla (futhi ngokuphambene nalokho). Esimweni sokugcina, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela izinqubo eziphuthumayo.

Nokho, kunezimbangela ezihlukahlukene ezenza kube nokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwemvelo ye-tectonic kwenzeka ngenxa yokunyakaza kwamaphutha, angakudala kakhulu futhi anamandla kakhulu. Bese kuba khona lezo zemvelo yentaba-mlilo, ezihlala zenzeka eduze nezintaba-mlilo ezisaqhuma futhi ezingenamandla amancane. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okubhidlikayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwenzeka ngenxa yokudilika kwenhlabathi ezintabeni - futhi kuyisenzakalo sendawo. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okwenziwe abantu, okubangelwa ukuqhuma noma ezinye izakhi eziyingqayizivele, kungenziwa umuntu (isb. ibhomu le-athomu lingabangela ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-3.7).

Kuze kufike ezidlula ikhathazekile, ilula: uhamba ngezikali ezihlukene, futhi ukuphakama kobukhulu, kuyingozi kakhulu ukuzamazama. Isibonelo, uma kubhekwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-7 nokujula kwe-10km e-Alaska, unogada wasogwini waxwayiswa ukuba aqaphe ingozi ye-tsunami - ngoba lokhu kuzamazama kungaba nemiphumela eminingi kakhulu.