Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka, imininingwane emibili enikezwayo ukukhombisa ubukhulu bakho ubukhulu kanye namandla

Eyokuqala ikhonjiswe ngesisekelo sesikali esibizwa ngokuthi i-Richter, kanti eyesibili isekelwe esikalini se-Mercalli.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwala mapharamitha amabili?

ULAWULO LWEZIPHUTHUMA EZIPHUTHUMAYO ZOKUVIKELA KOMPHAKATHI: VAKASHELA I-SERAMAN BOOTH EMBUKENI ESIPHUTHUMAYO

Ukuqina kanye nesilinganiso se-Mercalli

I-Intensity iyipharamitha esivumela ukuthi sithole imithelela i ukuzamazama komhlaba kubangele endaweni.

Ekubaleni umfutho, ikakhulukazi imiphumela ezakhiweni zabantu iyacatshangelwa: izindlu, izingqalasizinda, izakhiwo.

Imiphumela endaweni nayo iyacatshangelwa, njengokulungiswa kwendawo, ukuguquguquka kwenethiwekhi yamanzi, ukukhiqizwa kokudilika kwenhlabathi: kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisayo. P

Ukulinganisa ukuqina, kusetshenziswa isikali se-Mercalli, esalungiswa ekuqaleni kwawo-1900 ososayensi u-Cancani no-Sieberg ngakho-ke ngokufaneleke kakhulu ngokuthi isikali se-MCS (Mercalli-Cancani-Sieberg).

Isilinganiso sisuka esigabeni sokuqala, okungukuthi lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kuba nemiphumela engemihle ezakhiweni zomuntu futhi akubonwa ngabantu ngaphandle kwamathuluzi (ama-seismographs), kuye ezingeni leshumi nambili: ukucekelwa phansi ngokuphelele kwezakhiwo zomuntu.

Amadigri aphakathi asungulwa ngesisekelo sochungechunge lwemiphumela efana nokuzinza kwezakhiwo, ukuzulazula kwezinto ezindlini, ukuziphatha kwezilwane, ukugeleza kwamanzi, njll.

Kusukela ku-VI-VII degree kukhona ukulimala ezakhiweni.

Ngakho-ke ukuqina kuyipharamitha encike ngokuqinile ekuziphatheni kwezakhiwo ezenziwe ngabantu ngokuphathelene namagagasi e-seismic, futhi ayixhunyanisiwe namandla okuzamazama komhlaba.

Amandla nawo ayahluka ngenxa yokukhulisa amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba, kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi impendulo yendawo yokuzamazama komhlaba.

Ukushuba kuzoba kukhulu ezindaweni ezitholakala e-alluvial, ezinezinsalela zomfula noma zamachibi, zibe zincane ezindaweni ezinamatshe.

Okokugcina, into ebalulekile ukujula kwe-hypocenter: izehlakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba ezinamandla kakhulu (ubukhulu obuphezulu) kodwa ekujuleni okukhulu, zinemiphumela emincane endaweni.

VAKASHELA IZINYAMA ZE-ADVANTEC EMPILWENI WEZIMO EZIPHUTHUMAYO UTHOLE UMHLABA WOKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMSAKAZO

I-Magnitude ne-Richter scale

Ubukhulu busetshenziselwa ukuveza ubukhulu namandla okuzamazama komhlaba ngesisekelo sesikali esilinganiselwe, isikali sikaRichter.

Lapho kunyuka ubukhulu, kuyanda nokuzamazama komhlaba

Ubukhulu buhlobene eduze namandla akhululiwe: lapho ubukhulu buba bukhulu, amandla amakhulu akhululwa endaweni eyi-hypocenter ukuzamazama komhlaba.

Ngakho-ke ipharamitha ebonakalayo, eveza inani.

Kuyipharamitha ehlosiwe nengaguquki: ukuzamazama komhlaba akukwazi ukuba nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Kakhulu kungase kube namamajini amancane ephutha kuye ngokuthi libalwe kanjani futhi ngobani.

Akuyona yodwa ipharamitha okufanele icatshangelwe uma kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kuyiqiniso elibaluleke kakhulu lokuqonda izinga lako.

Iziteshi ze-Seismographic zisetshenziselwa ukukala ubukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba okuncane kakhulu okubonwa abantu kuvamise ukuba nobukhulu obungeqile ku-2.0, kuyilapho ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kunakho konke okwake kwaba okwaseChile ngo-1960 okwakungu-9.5 magnitude.

INGABE UYAFUNA UKWAZI IMISAKAZO? VAKASHELA I-REDIO BOOTH EZINIKELWE UKUTUSA EMBUKENI ESIPHUTHUMAYO

Izibonelo zomehluko phakathi kwesikali sika-Richter nesikali se-Mercalli

Isibonelo:

Ukuzamazama komhlaba okunesilinganiso esiphezulu (isb. 5.0 esikalini sikaRichter) kuzoba:

• umfutho ophansi kakhulu esikalini se-Mercalli (isibonelo i-4th degree) uma kwenzeka edolobheni elakhiwe ngenqubo yokulwa nokuzamazama komhlaba,
• ukuqina okuphezulu esikalini se-Mercalli (isb. 8°) uma kwenzeka edolobheni elinezakhiwo ezingaphephile futhi/noma elakhiwe ngaphandle kwemibandela yokulwa nokuzamazama komhlaba.

Isibonelo inombolo 2:

Ukuzamazama komhlaba okunesilinganiso esiphezulu kakhulu (isibonelo u-7.0 esikalini sika-Richter) kuzoba nemiphumela eyiziro endaweni emaphakathi nogwadule futhi ngenxa yalokho kube namandla aphansi kakhulu (i-2nd degree esikalini se-Mercalli).

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