Zovuta zamaganizo ndi zathupi zakuthawa zimakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri kwa odwala komanso opereka chithandizo. Chigawochi chiwunikanso zoyamba zamalingaliro ndi thupi zomwe zimachitika pakuthawa ndikupereka njira zofunikira zogwirira ntchito mozungulira ndikudutsamo

Environmental Stressors mu ndege

Kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa okosijeni, kusintha kwamphamvu kwa barometric, kusintha kwa kutentha, kugwedezeka, ndi phokoso ndizovuta zochepa chabe kuchokera pakuwuluka mundege.

Zotsatira zake zimakhala zofala kwambiri ndi ndege zamapiko ozungulira kuposa ndege zamapiko osakhazikika. Kuyambira tisananyamuke mpaka kukatera, matupi athu amapanikizika kwambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira.

Inde, mumamva chipwirikiticho pamene mukukwera pamwamba pa chitunda kapena kuwoloka njira yamadzi.

Komabe, ndizovuta zomwe sitiganizira kwambiri, kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, zingakhudze kwambiri osati thupi lanu lokha komanso luso lanu lachidziwitso ndi kuganiza mozama.

CHida CHABWINO KWAMBIRI KWA HELICOPTER TRANSPORT? YENDANI KUMANTHAWI YOIMA PA NTHAWI YOCHEDWA

Zotsatirazi ndi Zovuta Kwambiri za Ndege:

• Kusintha kwa kutentha kumachitika nthawi zonse muzamankhwala owuluka. Kuzizira kozizira ndi kutentha kwakukulu kungathe kusokoneza thupi ndi kuonjezera kufunikira kwa okosijeni. Pa mtunda uliwonse wa mamita 100 (330ft) pakukwera, kutentha kumatsika ndi 1 digiri Celsius.
• Kugwedezeka kumapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lopanikizika kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kutentha kwa thupi ndi kutopa.
• Chinyezi chochepa chimakhalapo pamene mukuchoka padziko lapansi. Kukwera pamwamba, kumachepetsa chinyezi mumpweya, chomwe, pakapita nthawi, chingayambitse kusweka kwa mucous nembanemba, kusweka milomo, ndi kutaya madzi m'thupi. Kupsinjika kumeneku kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi odwala omwe amalandira chithandizo cha okosijeni kapena mpweya wabwino.
• Phokoso la ndege, ndi zida, ndipo wodwala angakhale wofunika. Phokoso lapakati pa helikopita ndi pafupifupi ma decibel 105 koma limatha kumveka mokulira kutengera mtundu wa ndege. Kuchuluka kwa mawu kupitilira ma decibel 140 kumatha kupangitsa kuti makutu amve mwachangu. Phokoso losalekeza lopitilira ma decibel 120 kumapangitsanso kuti makutu asamve.
• Kutopa kumakulirakulira chifukwa chosowa tulo tabwino, kugwedezeka kwa ndege, kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, komanso kuyenda maulendo ataliatali: ola limodzi kapena kupitilira apo mundege yamapiko ozungulira kapena maola atatu kapena kupitilira apo mundege yamapiko osasunthika.
• Mphamvu yokoka, zonse zoipa ndi zabwino, zimayambitsa kupsinjika kwa thupi. Kupsyinjika kumeneku ndi chokhumudwitsa chaching'ono kwa ambiri. Komabe, mikhalidwe yowopsa imakula kwambiri kwa odwala omwe akudwala kwambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima wocheperako komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa intracranial ndi mphamvu yokoka ya kunyamuka ndi kutera komanso kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa ndege monga kutayika kwa mtunda chifukwa cha chipwirikiti kapena kutembenuka kwadzidzidzi kwa banki.
• Kuthamanga kwa Vertigo. Flight Safety Foundation imatanthauzira vertigo ya flicker ngati "kusagwirizana kwa ma cell a ubongo chifukwa cha kuthwanima kocheperako kapena kuthwanima kwa kuwala kowala kwambiri." Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi ma rotor-blade pa helikopita ndipo zimatha kukhudza zonse zomwe zili mundege. Zizindikiro zimatha kuyambira kukomoka mpaka kunyowa komanso mutu. Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya khunyu ayenera kukhala tcheru makamaka ngati akugwira ntchito yozungulira mapiko.
• Mpweya wamafuta ungayambitse nseru, chizungulire, ndi kupweteka kwamutu powonekera kwambiri. Samalani malo omwe muli pa phula kapena helipad panthawi yokweza ndege.
• Nyengo imayambitsa zovuta zokonzekera ndege komanso zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zaumoyo. Mvula, chipale chofewa, ndi mphezi zimatha kuyambitsa ngozi mukakhala pamalopo kapena pokonzekera kuwuluka. Kutentha kwambiri ndi kuthirira kwamadzi kwa zovala kungapangitsenso kupsinjika maganizo.
• Nkhawa za kuyitana, nthawi yothawa pamene mukusamalira wodwala wodwala, komanso ngakhale kuthawa komweko kungayambitse nkhawa yosayenera.
• Kuwuluka kwausiku kumakhala kowopsa chifukwa chosawoneka bwino ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi magalasi owonera usiku (NVGs). Izi zimafuna kuzindikira nthawi zonse, zomwe zingapangitse kutopa ndi kupsinjika maganizo, makamaka m'malo osadziwika.

Kupanikizika Kwaumwini ndi M'maganizo: Zinthu Zaumunthu Zimakhudza Kulekerera Kupanikizika kwa Ndege

The mnemonic IM SAFE nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumbukira zovuta zakuthawa kwa odwala ndi othandizira.

• Matenda akukhudza moyo wanu. Kupita kuntchito kudwala kumawonjezera nkhawa kwambiri pakusintha kwanu mumlengalenga ndikusokoneza chisamaliro chomwe mumapereka komanso chitetezo cha gulu. Dokotala ayenera kukuuzani kuti mubwerere kuti muwuluke.
• Mankhwala angayambitse zotsatira zina zosafunika. Kudziwa momwe mankhwala omwe mwauzidwa angagwirizane ndi zochitika zapaulendo n'kofunika kwambiri ndipo kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu polimbana ndi zovuta zapaulendo.
• Zochitika pamoyo wopsinjika monga kutha kwa ubale waposachedwa kapena wachibale m'chipatala zitha kuonjezera kupsinjika kwanu kuntchito. Kudzisamalira n’kofunika kwambiri musanasamalire ena pantchito yopsinjika kwambiri ngati imeneyi. Ngati mutu wanu suli pamalo abwino, malo abwino kwa inu sakhala mumlengalenga.
• Mowa ukhoza kukhala mpumulo kwa ena akakumana ndi kupsinjika pantchito. Ndiko kukonza kwakanthawi kwavuto lalitali. Zotsatira za kumwa mowa pambuyo pa kuledzera zimathabe kuchepa ndikupangitsa kuti mukhale ndi nkhawa zachitetezo ngakhale simunaledzere. Zimakhudzanso mphamvu ya thupi lanu yolimbana ndi matenda ndi matenda.
• Kutopa kumabwera chifukwa chosinthana ndikubwerera mmbuyo komanso kukhudzana ndi zovuta zomwe tazitchulazi zokhudzana ndi kuthawa. Dziwani malire anu ndipo musafune zambiri kuposa zomwe mukudziwa kuti mungathe kuchita.
• Kutengeka ndi chinthu chomwe aliyense amachita mosiyana. Tonsefe timakhala ndi zomverera, ndipo tonse timazifotokoza mosiyana malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Kudziwa momwe mungayankhire mokhudza mtima kungapangitse mkhalidwe wopanikiza kale kapena kupangitsa munthu kukhala womasuka kuchoka ku mkwiyo mpaka chisoni. Kusunga malingaliro anu paulendo wa pandege sikofunikira kokha koma kuyembekezera. Ndiwe katswiri ndipo muyenera kudzitengera nokha, kuyika gulu lanu ndi wodwala wanu pamwamba pa zomwe mukumva.

Malo ndi Zida

Mosiyana ndi nthaka ambulansi, gulu lachipatala ladzidzidzi la helikopita limakhala ndi malo ochepa pamene onse ogwira nawo ntchito ali bolodi ndipo wodwalayo amanyamulidwa bwino.

Izi mwazokha zingabweretse nkhawa mumkhalidwe wovuta kale.

Kumvetsetsa malire a malo a ndege ndikofunikira.

Ntchito zambiri zimatha kunyamula zida zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka mu prehospital, monga makina opangira ma labu osamalira, makina oyendera mpweya, ndi ultrasound.

Ena amatha kunyamula odwala a extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)!

Zinthu izi ndizinthu zabwino kwambiri, koma kuzigwiritsa ntchito ndikuziyang'anira zimatha kuwonjezera kupsinjika kwa equation yonse.

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Source:

Mayeso a Medic