Kudengenyeka uye kurasikirwa kwekutonga: nyanzvi yezvepfungwa inotsanangura njodzi dzepfungwa dzekudengenyeka kwenyika
Kudengenyeka kwepasi uye kurasikirwa kwekutonga. Nyika yedu yakanaka iri pachena panjodzi yekudengenyeka kwenyika. Civil Defense uye vashandi vekununura vanoziva izvi zvakanyanya
The trauma yakakonzerwa ne kudengenyeka kwenyika chimwe chinhu chakadzama zvikuru, chakabatanidzwa nokuzivikanwa kwavanhu, nechokwadi choupenyu, kumuitiro wezuva nezuva usisipo, kusava nechokwadi pamusoro penguva yemberi; kutaura zvazviri, kudengenyeka kwenyika kunongoerekana kwaitika uye zvisingatarisirwi, kunowedzera pfungwa yedu yekutonga, kunosanganisira maonero ekutyisidzira kunogona kuuraya, kunogona kuguma nekurasikirwa mupfungwa kana mumuviri (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - PTSD, EMDR, Open School - Cognitive Studies , Open School San Benedetto del Tronto, Emergency Psychology, Psychotraumatology, Trauma – Traumatic Experiences, F. Di Francesco, 2018).
Kudengenyeka kwenyika, sei kupindira pane psyche?
Iyo Ifc-Cnr Institute of Clinical Physiology muPisa yakadhirowa mini-gwaro rinojekesa kuti zvakafanira sei kuita nekukasira munyaya yekushungurudzika kwepashure pekudengenyeka kwenyika, sezvo yakadzika zvekuti kukwanisa kukonzeresa zvimwe zvirwere. (ANSA):
1) Ndeapi maitiro epfungwa uye njodzi dzinokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika?
Kushushikana kunokonzerwa nezviitiko zvinotyisa zvakadaro kunokwanisa kushandura mazinga ehomoni (cortisol uye catecholamines, muvakadzi zvakare oestrogen), kushandura kurara uye, nekufamba kwenguva, hypertension, tachycardia uye dzimwe nguva myocardial infarction.
Asi zvakakoshawo kusiyanisa pakati pemaonero ekushungurudzika kwevanhu vakuru nevana.
2)Kudengenyeka kunokonzera manzwiro api muvanhu vanosangana nawo?
Kuzvidya mwoyo, kutya uye kutya.
Kuzvidya mwoyo kunowanzova manzwiro emativi maviri: kune rumwe rutivi, zvinogona kusundira munhu wacho kuita zvakanakisisa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa; kune rumwe rutivi, kunogona kuganhurira kuvapo kwomunhu kupfurikidza nokumuita kuti ave anotapurika zvikuru.
Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti, kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu anoshamisa akadai sokupona pakudengenyeka kwenyika, vanyajambwa vanogona sei kuwana mirangariro yakanaka iyo yakangosimba uye inopfuurira seyakashata.
Zvidzidzo zvemaginetic resonance imaging pane vakapona munharaunda yeChina muna 2008 zvakaratidza kuchinja kwehuropi, zvichikonzera kukura kwekuora mwoyo uye Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
3) Ndeupi rudzi rwekutarisira mupfungwa kunodiwa?
Kudzivirirwa kwekutanga kunodiwa, umo munhu anoiswa pachinzvimbo chekuziva manzwiro ake uye kuziva nzira yekudzora mhedzisiro yaainayo pahunhu uye hutano hwepfungwa, kuburikidza nekudzidziswa kwakananga nerubatsiro rwezvidzidzo uye nzira dzinofanirwa kuitwa. sezviri pachena munguva dzakatangira njodzi.
Asi kudzivirira kwechipiri kunofanira kutevera, umo kupindira kwekubatsira kwepfungwa kunorongwa mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika.
4) Chii chinoitika kana munhu achirwara nePost Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
Tsvagiridzo yakaitwa muvanhu vakapona kurwiswa kwemagandanga paTwin Towers uye kudengenyeka kwepasi muMolise muna 2002 uye Abruzzo muna 2009 inoratidza kuti hafu yezvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa zvakagadzira chirwere ichi. Kazhinji, munhu wacho anowanzoita 'kurangarira' chiitiko chinoshungurudza, kamwe kamwe anorasikirwa nechaiyo. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kwemwedzi kana makore.
5) Nderipi zano rekubata nechirwere ichi? Zvechokwadi kusarega nguva yakawandisa ichipfuura, cognitive-behavioural therapy inoshandiswa, umo kurapwa kunotanga mumazuva mashomanana ekutanga mushure mekushungurudzika.
Kudengenyeka kwepasi kunogona kurangarirwa sechiitiko chinotyisa chaizvo, panyaya iyi, Mitchell (1996) anoti: “Chiitiko chinotsanangurwa sechinotyisa kana chikaitika kamwe kamwe, chisingatarisirwi uye chinoonekwa nomunhu sechinhu chinotyisa pakupona kwake, kunomutsa. kunzwa kutya kwakanyanya, kusava nerubatsiro, kurasikirwa nekudzora, kuparara” (Mitchell 1996).
Tichifunga kuti havasi vanhu vese vane chiitiko chinoshungurudza vanoita nenzira imwechete, mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kubva pakupora zvachose uye kudzokera kuhupenyu hwemazuva ese mukati menguva pfupi, kune mamwe maitiro akaomarara anogona kudzivirira vanhu kuramba vachirarama. hupenyu hwavo sezvavakaita chiitiko chisati chaitika.
Mapinduriro emanzwiro kune kudengenyeka kwenyika
Tsvagiridzo yakaitwa kunyanya mundima yekupindura kwemanzwiro evanhu vanogara munyika dzakaparadzwa nekudengenyeka kunoratidza kuti kutya, kutya, kuvhunduka, kutsamwa, kupererwa, kupera simba, kuzvipa mhosva, kugumbuka, uye kusava nerubatsiro ndizvo zvinonyanya kupindurwa pakudengenyeka kwenyika. Petrone 2002).
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuoma kwemhinduro yemanzwiro uye mhedzisiro yepfungwa pakutambudzika uye zviratidzo zvepashure-zvinoshungurudza zvechokwadi zvinosanganisira kuratidzwa kukuru kune kudengenyeka kwenyika, kuswedera kune epicenter, nhanho yekubatanidzwa uye kutonga, dhigirii rekutyisidzira kunofungidzirwa, kukanganiswa kwesocial network, nhoroondo yapfuura yekushungurudzika kana matambudziko epfungwa, kurasikirwa kwemari, murume kana mukadzi, yakaderera mwero wedzidzo, kushaikwa kwerutsigiro rwemagariro pakarepo mushure mechiitiko, pamwe nekushaikwa kwerutsigiro kubva kushamwari, vaunoshanda navo uye mhuri, uye kutamiswa.
Pane zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti vakadzi vane ngozi yakawanda yekuvandudza Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, kana zvimwe zvinetso, zvinotevera kutarisana nezviitiko zvinoshungurudza (Steinglass et al., 1990; Breslau et al., 1997); zvinoratidzika zvakare kuti vana vezera rechikoro vari panjodzi kupfuura vana vadiki (Green et al., 1991).
Kunyanya, maitiro evabereki, nhanho yavo yekushushikana uye mamiriro emhuri anokanganisa maitiro evana mushure mekutambudzika (Vila et al., 2001).
Kuti unzwisise kana kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakonzera chiitiko chePost Traumatic Stress Disorder reaction, zvinotevera zviratidzo zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo.
- munhu wacho anowanzo 'kurangarira' chiitiko chinoshungurudza, kuburikidza nendangariro dzinodzokororwa nemifananidzo uye nenzira inopindira uye yekusazvidira yenguva dzinotevera kudengenyeka;
- kuvapo kwezviroto zvinodzokororwa, zviroto zvisinganzwisisiki umo munhu anodzokorora zvimwe zviitiko zvechiitiko chinotyisa;
- reactivity kune zviitiko (chaiyo kana yekufananidzira) yakafanana nekudengenyeka kwenyika nekunetseka kwakanyanya kwepfungwa kana kwepanyama (kuoma kurara kana kushaya hope, kusagadzikana, kuoma kuchengetedza pfungwa, hypervigilance uye kuwedzererwa kwearamu mhinduro).
Kupindira kwepfungwa mushure mekukurumidzira kukuru, kwakadai sekudengenyeka kwenyika, kwakakosha
Chinangwa ndechokubatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko racho, 'kugadzirisa' manzwiro, nechinangwa chekusvika zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pavanenge vasisina.
Uku kupindira kwepfungwa kunoitwa zvakananga mumunda neboka renyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinonyanya kupindira nokukurumidza.
Mapoka maviri ari panjodzi zvikuru ndeevana nevakwegura.
Munyaya yevana, psychotherapy inoenderera mberi, iyo inoshandiswawo kune vabereki nevadzidzisi, kuitira kuti vagadzire network chaiyo yakapoteredza mwana, kumubatsira kuti awanezve.
Kudzivirira uye kurapwa
“Mumwe mwedzi mushure mechiitiko chinoshungurudza, kurapwa kwakakosha kunogona kuitwa.
Kuporeswa kunobvira, asi tsigiro yeshamwari nemhuri vanonzwisisa uye inokurudzira nyajambwa inokosha zvikuru.
Muchiitiko chekutanga kwechiratidzo chimwe kana kupfuura cheDpts, cognitive-behavioural therapy inokurudzirwa, nekurapa kunotanga mumazuva mashomanana ekutanga mushure mekutambudzika.
Kazhinji, kubva pamaonero epfungwa, mapoka maviri ari panjodzi vana nevakura.
Muchiitiko chekutanga, psychotherapy inoshandiswawo kuvabereki nevadzidzisi, kuitira kuti vagadzire network chaiyo yakapoteredza mwana, kumubatsira mukurapa.
Ibasa rinofanira kuitwa zvinyoro, asi pasina kutambisa nguva.
Pane zvidzidzo zvekuti, muvana vakambobatwa nenjodzi huru, vakaratidza njodzi yekunonoka mukukura kwemuviri nekuziva, izvo zvakaoma kupora kana munhu akasapindira nekukurumidza (Dr Cristina Marzano).
Munyori wenyaya: Dr Letizia Ciabattoni
Source:
https://www.epicentro.iss.it/focus/terremoti/terremoti
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