I-USA, imbali ye-EMS System

By UCristiano Antonino On Juni 18, 2022

Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala kwee-ambulensi kwenzeka ngexesha leMfazwe yaseMelika yaseMelika

Ummi wokuqala iigulane inkonzo yasekwa ngo-1865 eCincinnati, eOhio.

Ekuqaleni, yayizezothutho kuphela hayi ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo.

Abangcwabi babeqhuba abanye, kwaye naziphi na ii-ambulensi ezenza naluphi na uhlobo lokhathalelo lwezonyango zaziqhutywa lisebe lomlilo.

UMongameli uLyndon B. Johnson kunye neKomishoni kaMongameli yoKhuseleko lweNdlela yeSizwe yeZiko leSizwe leSayensi bapapashe ingxelo enesihloko esithi “Ukufa ngeNgozi kunye nokukhubazeka: Isifo esingahoywanga soMbutho wanamhlanje” (esaziwa ngokuba yi-EMS White Paper), kunye nolu xwebhu, kunye kunye noMthetho weSizwe woKhuseleko lweNdlela ePhakamileyo, unikeze umgangatho womanyano wokudala iinkqubo ze-EMS.

Ngo-1996, iNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) kunye neHealth Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) yapapasha uxwebhu lwemvumelwano oluthathelwa ingqalelo kakhulu olunesihloko esithi EMS Agenda for the Future, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba “yiAjenda.”

Olu xwebhu luchaza umbono we-EMS wexesha elizayo kwaye luchaza iindlela ekufuneka zenziwe ngayo isicwangciso.

Inkqubo yoNcedo lobuGcisa ye-NHTSA iphuhlise iMigangatho yoVavanyo emisela imigangatho kwiindidi ezithile, njengoko kuchazwe ngezantsi, kwii-arhente ze-EMS kwilizwe lonke. Urhulumente ngamnye kufuneka abe nemimiselo eyenza imali ye-EMS, ikhethe i-arhente ye-EMS ekhokelayo, kunye neendlela zokuseka nokugcina iziqinisekiso zomboneleli kunye ne-arhente.

Izibonelelo kufuneka zilawulwe kwindawo ephakathi ukuze ababoneleli abaqeqeshwe kakuhle nabaxhotyisiweyo bakwazi ukunika inkathalo kuye wonke umntu ozifunayo kwaye babonelele ngezothutho kwangexesha ukuya kumaziko afanelekileyo:

Nabani na obonelela ngononophelo kwi-ambulensi kufuneka abe ubuncinane kwinqanaba lomnikezeli we-EMT.

Iindlela zothutho ezikhuselekileyo nezithembekileyo, nokuba ziiambulensi, iinqwelo-moya ezinamaphiko, okanye iihelikopta.

Izigulana ezigula kakhulu okanye ezonzakeleyo kufuneka zihanjiswe kwindawo eKUFUTSHANE efanelekileyo.

USA, EMS Ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I

Ngo-1485 - Ukungqingwa kweMalaga, okokuqala ngqa ukurekhodwa ukusetyenziswa kwe-ambulensi emkhosini, akukho lukhathalelo lwezonyango olubonelelweyo

1800s-uNapoleon wanyula isithuthi kunye nomlindi ukuya edabini

Ngo-1860 - usetyenziso lokuqala olurekhodiweyo lokusetyenziswa kweyeza kunye ne-ambulensi eUnited States

Ngo-1865-Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala kwee-ambulensi kwenzeka ngexesha leMfazwe yaseMelika yaseMelika.

Inkonzo yokuqala ye-ambulensi yoluntu yasekwa ngo-1865 eCincinnati, eOhio.

Ekuqaleni, yayizezothutho kuphela hayi ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo.

Abangcwabi babeqhuba abanye, kwaye naziphi na ii-ambulensi ezenza naluphi na uhlobo lokhathalelo lwezonyango zaziqhutywa lisebe lomlilo.

Ngo-1869-inkonzo yokuqala ye-ambulensi, isibhedlele saseBellevue eNew York, NY.

Ngo-1899 - Isibhedlele sikaMichael Reese eChicago sisebenza i-ambulensi yemoto phakathi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I kunye neyesibini.

Ngoo-1900-Izibhedlele zibeka abantu abaqeqeshelwa umsebenzi kwii-ambulensi; umzamo wokuqala wokwenyani kwindawo esemgangathweni kunye nokhathalelo lwezothutho.

Ngo-1926 - iSebe loMlilo lasePhoenix lingena kwi-EMS.

Ngo-1928-Iqela lokuqala lokuhlangula lasungulwa eRoanoke, VA.

Iqela eliphunyezwe nguJulien Stanley Wise kwaye igama elithi Roanoke Life Saving Crew.

EMS e-USA, iMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Ngoo-1940 Iinkonzo ezininzi ze-ambulensi ezisezibhedlele zavalwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwabasebenzi okubangelwa yiWW II.

Oorhulumente besixeko banikela inkonzo kumapolisa nabecandelo lomlilo.

Akukho mithetho kuqeqesho oluncinci.

Ukuya kwi-ambulensi kwaba luhlobo lwesohlwayo kumaziko amaninzi omlilo.

Emva kweWW II

Ngo-1951-iiHelikopta ezazisetyenziswa ngexesha leMfazwe yaseKorea.

I-1956 - Ukuvuselelwa komlomo emlonyeni owenziwe nguDkt Elan kunye noDkt Safar.

Ngo-1959-Eyokuqala ephathwayo defibrillator iphuhliswe kwisibhedlele iJohns Hopkins.

Ngo-1960 - I-LAFD ibeka abasebenzi bezonyango kuyo yonke injini, ileli, kunye nenkampani yokuhlangula.

I-1966 - Izikhokelo ze-EMS - uMthetho woKhuseleko lweNdlela, uMgangatho we-11.

Ngo-1966 - Ukuhanjiswa kwenkathalo yangaphambi kwesibhedlele kusetyenziswa ii-ambulensi nguGqr Frank Pantridge eBelfast, eMntla Ireland.

Ngo-1966 - uMongameli uLyndon B. Johnson kunye neKomishoni kaMongameli yoKhuseleko lweNdlela yeSizwe yeZiko leSizwe leSayensi bapapasha ingxelo enomxholo othi "Ukufa ngeNgozi kunye noKhubazeko: Isifo esingahoywanga soMbutho wanamhlanje" owaziwa ngokuba liPhepha leNgcaciso ye-EMS.

USA: olu xwebhu, kunye noMthetho weSizwe woKhuseleko lweNdlela yeNdlela, unikeze umgangatho womanyano wokudala iinkqubo ze-EMS

Yathetha:

Ukunqongophala kwemithetho efanayo kunye nemigangatho.
Iiambulensi kunye izixhobo zomgangatho ophantsi.
Unxibelelwano alukho phakathi kwe-EMS kunye nesibhedlele.
Ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi.
Izibhedlele zisebenzisa abasebenzi bethutyana kwi-ED.

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Baninzi abantu abasweleke kwiingozi zemoto kunakwiMfazwe yaseVietnam ngo-1967-i-AAOS idala “uNonophelo oluNgxamisekileyo kunye nokuThuthwa kwabagulayo nabenzakeleyo.”

Incwadi yokuqala yabasebenzi be-EMS

I-1968 - I-Task Force yeKomiti ye-EMS iqulunqa imigangatho yoqeqesho olusisiseko, iphumela "Uqeqesho lwaBasebenzi be-Ambulensi kunye nabanye abajongene noLondolozo oluNgxamisekileyo lwabagulayo kunye nokulimala kwiNdawo kunye nangexesha loThutho" nguDunlop kunye nabaSebenzi.

Ngo-1968 i-American Telephone kunye neTelegraph igcina i-9-1-1 yokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza.

Ngo-1969 - UGqr. Eugene Nagel usungula eyokuqala yeSizwe IParamamic inkqubo eMiami.

Ngo-1969 - IKomiti ye-Ambulance Design Criteria yapapasha "IiMfuneko zonyango kuYilo lwe-Ambulensi kunye neZixhobo."

Ngo-1970 - Ukusetyenziswa kweeHelikopta kwi-EMS kuhlolwe kunye neProjekthi ye-CARESOM (i-Coordinated Accident Rescue Endeavor-State of Mississippi) ngokusebenzisa isibonelelo sombuso esibonelela ngee-ambulensi ze-3 ze-helicopter kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-3 e-Mississippi. Emva kweprojekthi yeenyanga ze-15, isiseko sase-Hattiesburg sahlala sikhona njengoko yayiyimpumelelo yokuhlola kwiziphumo ezingcono zesigulane.

Ngo-1970 - iRejistri yeSizwe yeeNgcaciso zezoNyango eziNgxamisekileyo yasekwa.

I-1971 - IKomiti yokulimala kwe-AAOS ibamba iworkshop yelizwe lonke malunga noqeqesho lwee-EMTs.

I-1972 - iSebe lezeMpilo, iMfundo kunye neNtlalontle elawulwa nguMongameli uNixon ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha zokuququzelela i-EMS.

Ngo-1972 - iSebe lezoKhuselo kunye noThutho kwinkonzo yokukhupha inqwelomoya.

Ngo-1972-umdlalo kamabonakude othi "Emergency!" iqala i-8-year run 1973 - i-EMS Systems Act ye-1973 idlulile.

1973 - Inkwenkwezi yoBomi iphuhliswe yiDOT.

Ngo-1973-Isibhedlele sase-St.

I-1974 - iSebe lezeMpilo, iMfundo kunye neNtlalontle yapapasha izikhokelo zokuphuhlisa nokuphumeza iiNkqubo ze-EMS.

I-1974 - Ingxelo ye-Federal ichaza ukuba ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sabasebenzi be-ambulensi bagqiba ikhosi ye-DOT yeeyure ze-81.

Ngo-1975 - Umbutho wezoNyango waseMelika uyaqaphela i-Emergency Medicine.

I-1975 - iYunivesithi yasePittsburgh kunye noNancy Caroline, i-MD yanikezela inkontileka ye-EMT-Paramedic yokuqala yeKharityhulam yeSizwe.

Ngo-1975 - uMbutho weSizwe wee-EMTs usekwa.

I-1983 - Umthetho we-EMS waBantwana wadlula i-1985 - i-National Association of EMS Physicians yenziwe.

I-1990 - UMthetho woCwangciso lweNkqubo yoLondolozo kunye noPhuhliso uyapasiswa.

Ngo-1991 - IKomishoni yokuVunywa kweeNkonzo ze-Ambulensi ibeka imigangatho kunye nemigangatho yeenkonzo ze-ambulensi.

1996 – iNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) kunye neHealth Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) yapapasha uxwebhu lwemvumelwano oluthathelwa ingqalelo kakhulu olunesihloko esithi EMS Agenda for the Future, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiAgenda.