I-Ukraine: 'le yindlela yokubonelela ngoncedo lokuqala kumntu owenzakele ngemipu'

By UCristiano Antonino On Feb 3, 2023

Uncedo lokuqala kubantu abonzakele ngemipu: INkonzo yoKhuseleko yaseUkraine ipapashe uthotho lwezifundo zemfundo kumayeza anobuchule-uncedo lokuqala lwesibhedlele sangaphambi kwesibhedlele.

Olu lwazi kwiimeko zemfazwe lunokunceda ukusindisa ubomi bomntu ngaphambili.

Ividiyo, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi basemkhosini ababandakanyekayo kungquzulwano, yakhutshwa liphephandaba iPravda, njengoko enyanisweni imililo ibandakanya ikakhulu abantu.

UNCEDO LOKUQALA: TYELELA I-DMC DINAS MEDICAL CONSULTANTS BOOTH KWI-EXPO EXPO.

Isifundo sevidiyo 1. Ukunceda umntu owenzakeleyo phantsi komlilo

Kule vidiyo, imikhosi ekhethekileyo evela kwiZiko lokuSebenza eliKhethekileyo leNkonzo yoKhuseleko 'A' ichaza indlela yokunceda umntu owenzakeleyo phantsi komlilo kwaye abonise indlela yokuthintela ukwenzakala ngakumbi ngexesha lokulwa.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zoncedo kumntu owenzakeleyo phantsi komlilo: ukuzinceda kunye nokuncedisana.

Ukuze unike uncedo olulinganayo kwinxeba, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo

baphephe umlilo
fumana indawo yokuhlala ekhuselekileyo.

Emva koko kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ubunzima bokulimala kunye nemeko yexhoba, emva koko umnike imiyalelo, kuxhomekeke kwimeko:

buyisela umlilo
fumana ikhusi elikufutshane elikhuselekileyo kwaye uye ngakulo,
misela ukuzinceda ukuba ixhoba liyakwazi ukwenza oko lodwa.

Ukuba umntu owenzakeleyo akakwazi ukushukuma okanye akakho zingqondweni, kufuneka kuphuhliswe isicwangciso ukuze kufikelelwe kuye.

Ekuphela kwento enokwenziwa kwisigaba soncedo 'saphantsi komlilo', ukuba imeko yobuchule iyavuma, kukunqanda ukopha okukhulu ngokufaka isicelo i-tourniquet.

Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neempawu zokopha okukhulu, ukuzinceda, imithetho yokusebenzisa i-tourniquet kwisigaba 'somlilo phantsi komlilo', ukuqinisekisa i-patency yomoya, ukuhambisa umntu owenzakeleyo ukusuka kwindawo yedabi ukuya kwindawo yokukhusela kwividiyo yokuqala ye-SBU.

Isifundo sevidiyo 2. Ukunceda ixhoba lemipu elenzakeleyo kwiimeko zobuchule kunye nokuvavanya ikiti yoncedo lokuqala

Emva kokuba iingxwelerha zisuswe kwindawo ephantsi komlilo ukuya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, uncedo phantsi kweemeko zobugcisa luyafuneka.

INkonzo yoKhuseleko yaseUkraine iphakamise ukuba yintoni ekufanele ibe kwijoni ngalinye Uncedo yokuqala ikiti kunye nendlela umhlanguli womntu owenzakeleyo kufuneka enze ngayo ngaphambi kokuba aqalise ukubonelela ngoncedo ngokwe-algorithm ye-MARCH.

I-algorithm ye-MARCH inquma izinto eziphambili kunye nomyalelo wezenzo ekuboneleleni uncedo kwinxeba.

Isetyenziswa xa abalweli bengasekho phantsi komlilo kwaye banokugxila ekusindiseni amaqabane abo.

Yintoni efanele ibe kwikiti yoncedo lokuqala lomlo:

i paramedic isikere,
iiglavu zonyango,
itourniquet,
i-swabs - i-gauze ene-haemostat nangaphandle;
ibhandeji lokuyeka ukopha,
I-nasopharyngeal cannula yendlela yokuphefumla,
i-adhesive oclusive kumanxeba avaliweyo,
ingubo eshushu,
ibhandeji lamehlo
I-Pill-pack, equlethe i-antibiotic kunye neyeza ezichasayo,
amabala ezicubu,
'ikhadi lenxeba' kunye nesiphawuli esisisigxina.

Kwividiyo unokufunda ngakumbi malunga:

umbutho kunye nolawulo lweperimeter yokhuseleko,
ukohlutha izixhobo abenzakeleyo,
iimeko zokurhoxisa ukufuduka,
ukubeka ikiti yoncedo lokuqala kunye ne-turnstile kwi izixhobo.
ukutyunjwa kokwakhiwa kwekiti yoncedo lokuqala.

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Isifundo 3. I-algorithm ka-MARCH. M – Umlilo kunye nokopha okukhulu

Kule vidiyo, i-SBU ichaza indlela yokulawula ukopha okukhulu kumntu owenzakeleyo, kuba umntu unokufa kwimizuzu embalwa ekulahlekeni kwegazi ngokukhawuleza.

I-SBU ichaze ukuba kufuneka ibe yintoni isenzo sejoni xa lihlangula iqabane.

Ukuthi ngqo:

indlela yokwenza ngokuchanekileyo uvavanyo olubonakalayo kunye noluchukumisayo lomntu owenzakeleyo,
njani kwaye nini ukusebenzisa i-tourniquet,
xa usebenzisa i-tamponade,
xa ufaka i-bandage,
indlela yokufumanisa umothuko

Isifundo 4. I-algorithm ye-MATSHI. A - Ilungelo lomenzi wendlela yomoya

Emva kokuyeka ukopha okukhulu, inqanaba elilandelayo lokunyamekela kukukhangela ukuqonda komntu owenzakeleyo, ukuphendula kwilizwi, ukusabela kwintlungu.

Ukuba akaphenduli kuyo nayiphi na i-stimuli, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba umntu owenzakeleyo uyaphefumla.

Ukwenza oku, umtya wesigcina-ntloko kufuneka ukhululwe kwaye umgodi womlomo uhlolwe kwimizimba yangaphandle.

Ukuba kukho naziphi na, kufuneka zikhutshwe ngokuguqula intloko yomntu owenzakeleyo kwicala, njengoko kuboniswe kwividiyo ye-manikin.

Iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nezenzo ezilandelayo zomhlanguli - ukuvula indlela yomoya, ukubeka i-nasopharyngeal airway kunye nokudlulisela umntu owenzakeleyo kwindawo ezinzileyo - kwintetho ye-SBU.

Isifundo 5: NGOMATSHI. R – Ukuphefumla

Emva kokuqinisekisa i-patency yomoya wexhoba, kuyimfuneko ukujonga izikhombisi zokuphefumla kunye nokulawula uncedo kwimeko yokwenzakala kwesifuba.

Okokuqala, umhlanguli kufuneka ahlole ukuphefumla kwexhoba:

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misela izinga lokuphefumula kwimizuzwana eyi-10 (isiqhelo somntu owenzakeleyo ngu-10-30 ukuphefumula ngomzuzu),
misela ubunzulu bokuphefumla ngokubeka isandla kwindawo esezantsi yesifuba;
misela i-symmetry yokuphefumla ngokubeka izandla zombini kwiindawo ezisezantsi zesifuba kumacala omabini.

Emva koko, umlwi kufuneka ahlolisise isifuba kunye nomva wabenzakeleyo.

Indlela yokwenza ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nexesha lokusebenzisa i-adhesive occlusive, yintoni uncedo olunika ngexesha le-pneumothorax (ukuqokelela kwegesi (ininzi, umoya) kwi-pleural cavity kunye nokunyuka kwangaxeshanye koxinzelelo kuyo) kunye nendlela yokwenza ukukhusela i-hypothermia (ukunciphisa ukushisa komzimba) - kwintetho ye-SBU.

Isifundo sesi-6: I-algorithm ye-MATSHI. C – Ukuhamba kwegazi

Kule nqanaba, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukubonakaliswa okubuhlungu kwaye ukhangele ukuphuma kwegazi okungabalulekanga kumntu owenzakeleyo kwaye uyiyeke.

Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kweendlela zangaphambili zokulawula ukopha okukhulu okusetyenziswe kwisigaba 'M - ukopha okukhulu' kwe-algorithm ye-MARCH.

Enye into ebalulekileyo yesi sigaba kuvavanyo lwe-pelvis ubukho bezaphulelo kunye nokulungiswa kwayo.

I-SBU ichaze indlela yokukhangela iimpawu zomothuko kwixhoba emva kokwenzakala, uncedo kwimeko yokwaphuka kwe-pelvic, kunye nokufaka amabhandeji ngokuchanekileyo kumanxeba.

Imipu, isifundo 7. MARCH Algorithm: H – Ukwenzakala kwentloko, i-hypothermia kunye nokulungiselela ixhoba lokufuduswa

Isinyathelo sokugqibela ekunyamekeleni umntu owenzakeleyo ngokwe-algorithm ye-MARCH kukukhangela ubukho bokulimala kwe-craniocerebral kunye nezenzo zokuqala kwimeko yokufumanisa.

Okulandelayo, kufuneka silungiselele umntu owenzakeleyo ukuba aphume kwaye sisebenze i-algorithm ye-PAWS.

Ukubona iimpawu zokulimala kwengqondo, kuyimfuneko ukujonga

intloko ngenxa yokugruzuka, ukugruzuka kunye nokwaphuka;
imivumbo ejikeleze amehlo - ukuba ikhona ngaphandle kweempawu zokwenzakala empumlweni, oku kubonisa ukwenzakala okukhulu entloko,
i-symmetry yabafundi (i-asymmetry luphawu lwe-TBI),
ukusabela komfundi ekukhanyeni ngokuvala nokuvula amehlo omntu owenzakeleyo ngezandla – abafundi babo kufuneka bashwabene ukuba akukho monzakalo wentloko. Ukuba akukho kukhanya, ungasebenzisa itotshi, kodwa ungayikhomba ngqo emehlweni omntu owenzakeleyo: hambisa umqadi kwenye into ekufutshane.

U-SBU naye wathetha ngale:

ukugqiba uncedo lokukhusela i-hypothermia,
ukugqiba ikhadi lokwenzakala,
I-algorithm ye-PAWS: i-analgesia, i-antibiotics, amanxeba kunye ne-fracture splints.