Kusukela ebuhlungu esifubeni nasengalweni yangakwesobunxele kuya emuzweni wokufa: lezi yizimpawu ze-myocardial infarction

By UCristiano Antonino On Oct 25, 2022

Uma abantu bekhuluma nge-infarction, ngokuvamile basho i-myocardial infarction, kodwa i-infarction ingenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningana.

I-'Infarction' empeleni yitemu elijwayelekile lokufa (i-necrosis) yamaseli athile kusicubu esinikeziwe ngenxa yokuthi awakutholi ukuhlinzekwa okwanele kwegazi nomoya-mpilo ovela ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi.

Isibonelo, i-cerebral stroke, ebizwa nangokuthi 'stroke', i-infarction yengxenye yobuchopho.

Ngakho-ke, i-myocardial infarction, i-necrosis yengxenye ye-myocardium, okuyisisipha senhliziyo.

Kwenzeka lapho ukuvinjelwa emithanjeni yenhliziyo, imithambo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni, kuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile'.

KUNGANI IMISHAYA YE-Coronary Ivaleleka

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani umthambo wenhliziyo uvaleka.

Isizathu esiyinhloko ngokungangabazeki sihlobene ne-atherosclerosis, isifo somkhumbi ngokwawo esiholela ekuqoqweni kwe-cholesterol, bese kwakheka i-plaque.

Lolu qwembe lunganciphisa kancane kancane umthambo, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele lokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-ischaemia, into ehlukile kune-infarction.

Sikhuluma nge-infarct, eqinisweni, esimweni sokuphazanyiswa okuphelele kokugeleza kwegazi, kuyilapho i-ischemia yenzeka lapho kukhona 'ukwehla' kokugeleza, okubangelwa i-stenosis, okungukuthi ukuncipha kwe-lumen yomkhumbi ngokunembile. ngenxa ye-atherosclerotic plaque.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi i-plaque 'ingaphuka' ngaphakathi komkhumbi.

Kulesi simo, umzimba uphendula ngokuzivikela njengoba wenza, ukwenza lula, esimweni sesilonda, kubangela ukuguquguquka okungahamba kuze kufike ku-infarction.

Inqubo yokubuyisela emisiwe ekuphenduleni ukuphuka kwe-plaque ihlanganisa ukwakha ihlule, i-thrombus, esongela ukukhiqiza i-thrombosis yomkhumbi, okungukuthi ukuvaleka komthambo ovimbela ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi.

Ukuvinjelwa akubangelwa njalo ama-plaque kodwa futhi izinkinga zokusebenza, njengokuvaleka kwemithambo yale mithambo.

Ama-plaque akuzona kuphela izimbangela zokuvinjelwa kwenhliziyo ngezinye izikhathi yizinkinga zokusebenza, njenge-vasospasm, ezikhiqiza ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi.

Ngokwesibonelo, thatha ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa ezinjenge-cocaine: lokhu kungase kubangele lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i-coronary spasm, okuthi, uma kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kube enye imbangela yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Udokotela wenhliziyo usikhumbuza ukuthi sonke sithambekele ku-atherosclerosis, kodwa kufanele sizame ukukuqhubekisela phambili kancane ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ngaleyo ndlela sisebenze ezicini ezibeka engcupheni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

I-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, ISIFO SIKASHUKELA KANYE NEZITHA ZENHLIZIYO

Phakathi kwezinto eziyingozi kukhona isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, amanani aphezulu e-cholesterol, ngisho nama-triglycerides, ukungakhohlwa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukubhema kanye nomlando womndeni.

Eqinisweni, ngisho nohlobo oluthile lwezakhi zofuzo lungasheshisa futhi lubhebhethekise inqubo yemvelo ye-atherosclerosis.

Ezinye izici eziyingozi impela ubudala nobulili besilisa.

NAZI IZIBHELELI ZE-ALARM YE-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Kodwa yiziphi izimpawu ezisenza sisole i-myocardial infarction?

Ku-infarction, isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu.

Isikhathi siyisici esinqumayo, ngaphandle kokungabaza.

Ngokushesha lapho sibona ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo, ngokushesha sifika ekuxilongweni, futhi ngokushesha singase sikwazi ukuselapha, futhi ngaleyo ndlela silondoloze izicubu eziningi: lapho sishesha, ngamafuphi, singaqukatha umonakalo wokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Izimpawu yilezo ezivamile emcabangweni, okungukuthi ubuhlungu esifubeni nasengalweni yesokunxele, kodwa uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kokuzixilonga ngokushesha, masinembe kakhulu ekuchazeni izimpawu ezivame kakhulu nezingajwayelekile kakhulu okufanele zisithuse.

I-myocardial infarction ivame ukubonakaliswa ubuhlungu besifuba, phakathi nendawo ye-thorax, enezici ezicacile: iziguli eziningi zichaza uhlobo olubi, ukuzwa kokucindezelwa okunamandla esifubeni.

Ngaphezu kobuhlungu bemisipha, kuwubuhlungu obuqeda umoya, obucindezelayo ezingeni lesifuba, ngaphansi kwe-sternum, ithambo eliphakathi nendawo esifubeni.

Ubuhlungu besifuba, obucindezelayo futhi obuqhubekayo, ngokuvamile buhambisana nobuhlungu obuvame ukuphumela ehlombe nasengalweni yangakwesobunxele, ikakhulukazi ingxenye engaphandle, lapho umunwe omncane ukhona.

Lezi izici ezijwayelekile zobuhlungu besifuba ezingaba uphawu oluyisixwayiso lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuqhubekayo.

Ubuhlungu besifuba buvame ukuhambisana nokuphefumula okungavamile, ukulambela umoya wangempela.

UBUHLUNGU OBUKA INGALO KANYE NESIFUBA

Imithi, naphezu kwalesi sihloko esibucayi, akuyona isayensi eqondile.

Ubuhlungu bungabuye bukhanye ngendlela eyisici ngemuva, phakathi kwamahlombe, noma kuze kufike intamo,efika ngaphansi komhlathi.

Akukhona lokho kuphela: ngezinye izikhathi ingalo yesokudla ingase ithinteke ngemisebe yobuhlungu benhliziyo.

Ngakho-ke, ukufingqa: ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni sohlobo olucindezelayo, oluphuma engalweni yesokunxele, emhlathini, mhlawumbe ngisho nangemuva, futhi luhlotshaniswa nokuphefumula kanzima, lezi zonke ziyizinsimbi ze-alamu okufanele zisenze sikhathazeke futhi sifune usizo. .

Njengokungathi lokho akwanele, lokhu ngokusobala kuhlotshaniswa nokugula okukhulu.

Kunabantu ababika ukuthi banomuzwa wokufa, bese kuba nokukhathazeka, ukujuluka amakhaza, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaholela nasekuqulekeni.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kunezimo lapho ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo okuqhubekayo kungakhiqizi izimpawu, noma yikuphi ubuhlungu.

Kuneziguli ezibika ukuthi azikho nhlobo ubuhlungu, noma zizwa ubuhlungu kuphela engalweni, emhlathini noma esiswini.

QAPHELA UNGAYIPHATHA NEBUHLUNGU BESINGENI

Kuyinto evamile ukudida i-infarction ne-epigrastralgia, okungukuthi ubuhlungu esiswini.

Lokhu ubuhlungu besifuba esiphansi, endaweni lapho sithola khona isisu.

Lokho, futhi, empeleni kungaba indawo yobuhlungu benhliziyo.

Ngakho-ke kubonakala sengathi abantu abakubukeli phansi lokho abacabanga ukuthi ubuhlungu besisu, ubuhlungu be-gastritis, nalokho okubonakala kuyinkinga yenhliziyo esikhundleni salokho.

Indlela yokuhlukanisa ubuhlungu besisu obuvamile kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo?

Umuntu kufanele anake uhlobo lobuhlungu.

Uma i-epigastralgia izibonakalisa ngemisebe esiyichaze ekuqaleni, uma ihlotshaniswa nokujuluka noma ukuphelelwa umoya, khona-ke kungase kungabi ubuhlungu besisu kodwa ubuhlungu besifuba bokuhambisana nenhliziyo.

ISEXWAYISO KWABESIFAZANE: NGESINYE isikhathi IZIMPAWU EZIHLUKILE

Bese kuba isixwayiso esikhethekile kwabesifazane.

Kungenzeka ukuthi abesifazane abahlushwa isifo senhliziyo, esikhundleni sobuhlungu besifuba sangempela, bathole isicanucanu, oluhlanzayo, noma ngisho ukujuluka nje, noma ukuzwa ubuhlungu obuvaleleke ngemuva komzimba.

Ngenxa yalezi zimpawu ezingabonakali, eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezingaqondakali, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi abesifazane, abaphethwe yisifo senhliziyo njengabesilisa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka ethile, bahlengwa ngokushesha, ngemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

YINI OKUMELE UYENZE EMHLABENI WE-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION?

Yini okufanele uyenze uma enye yalezi zimpawu ibonakala?

Okokuqala nje, umuntu kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi kuyisenzakalo senhliziyo ngoba, njengoba sesishilo, izimpawu akulula kakhulu ukuzichaza.

Odokotela kuphela abangakwenza lokhu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuya kudokotela igumbi lokuphuthumayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izinhlungu esizichazile ngezinye izikhathi zenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile: amatwinge ashintshana nezikhathi zokukhululeka.

Uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka imizuzu eyi-15-20, iseluleko esokuthi ungalibali futhi uthinte abezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha ngokushayela ku-112 noma ku-118.

Kuphela egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo, eqinisweni, uma isimo senhliziyo sezimpawu sesiqinisekisiwe - kulokhu, ngisho ne-electrocardiogram noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolwa zanele - odokotela bangenza ngokushesha ku-infarction ye-myocardial.

Mayelana nalokhu, sinenethiwekhi yama-laboratories e-haemodynamics lapho ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu okuphuthumayo kwe-infarction yenhliziyo kwenziwa: kusetshenziswa i-anesthesia yendawo kanye nokufakwa kwama-catheter amancane ngaphakathi emithanjeni, imithambo ye-coronary ibonwa ngeso lengqondo futhi ukuvaleka kuphathwa ngendlela yokuhlinzwa. okuthiwa 'i-angioplasty eyinhloko', ehlanganisa ukuvula kabusha umkhumbi nokufaka i-stent encane ngaphakathi komthambo we-coronary onesifo.

Ngokukhula, kungenzeka ukwenza i-electrocardiograms ku- i-ambulensi uma kubizwa abezimo eziphuthumayo.

Lokhu kuvumela ukuxilonga kusenesikhathi nokudluliselwa kwesiguli esikhungweni esihlome kakhulu salolu hlobo lokuhlenga.

Ngakho-ke, umyalezo engingathanda ukuwuphinda uthi: ukungazibukeli phansi izimpawu kukuvumela ukuthi ungenele kusenesikhathi futhi unciphise kakhulu umonakalo wokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo'.

INHLIZIYO 'ITHULE'

Kungenzeka futhi, noma kunjalo, ukuthi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungabonakali ngokuphelele.

Kunabantu abangazi ukuthi bake bamelwa yinhliziyo, kuyenzeka kube neziguli ezisuke zinganakile.

Kulokhu sibhekene nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi 'inhliziyo ethule', etholakala kakhulu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela. Noma izimpawu zazikhona kodwa azizange zilandelelwe emuva ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo.

Ngokwesibonelo, isiguli, sishukunyiswa odokotela, sikhumbula ukuthi esikhathini esidlule sasike saba nobuhlungu obukhulu besisu.

Lapho, ngaleso sikhathi, singakha kabusha ukuthi lobo buhlungu besisu besisu kwakungelona uphawu lwe-gastritis, kodwa lwe-infarction, ngenhlanhla lwavela kahle, lwaqiniswa phakathi neminyaka, ngoba indawo encane kuphela yenhliziyo yayilimele, ngaphandle kokubangela. ukukhubazeka okujwayelekile kwesitho.

I-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION NOKUBOSHWA KWENHLIZIYO, IZINTO EZIMBILI EZIHLUKILEYO KODWA EZIHLOBANE

Umehluko ovame ukungaqondile kangako ukuthi phakathi kwe-myocardial infarction nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Zimbili izinto ezihlukene, nakuba zihlobene.

Sikhuluma ngokuboshwa kwenhliziyo lapho inhliziyo ingasasebenzi, ingasawenzi umsebenzi wayo wepompo, ngakho-ke, iyeka ukunikeza igazi kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Uma igazi lingafinyeleli ezithweni, amangqamuzana ayafa. Isitho sokuqala esithintekayo ubuchopho, ngoba budinga umoya-mpilo ngokuqhubekayo (kanjalo nokugeleza kwegazi okungaphazamiseki) ukuze busebenze.

Lokhu ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Ngokuvamile ukuboshwa kukhiqizwa inkinga kagesi.

Ake ngizame ukucaca kakhudlwana: inhliziyo iwumsipha osebenza ngenxa yezisusa zikagesi zangaphakathi.

Kungenzeka ukuthi, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi engingeke ngizibale lapha, kwenzeka uhlobo 'lwesekhethi emfishane', ukungahleleki komsebenzi kagesi okuholela ekufinyezweni kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma okushesha kakhulu, okugcina kuphazamiseke. umsebenzi wephampu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cardiac infarction, njengoba sesishilo, ukuvinjelwa kwemithambo yenhliziyo: isithiyo semishini esivimbela ukugeleza kwegazi njalo enhliziyweni.

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kanye ne-myocardial infarction ngakho-ke akufani.

Kodwa-ke, i-infarction ingenye yezimbangela zokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Labo abanesifo senhliziyo bangase ngempela babe nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo, nakuba kungenjalo ngempela: ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo okuningi akubandakanyi ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akuwona wonke ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kuvela enkingeni kagesi, i-arrhythmia, ebangela ukungahambi kahle komsebenzi kagesi jikelele futhi ngaleyo ndlela, ezimweni ezinzima, kuholela ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo.

Kulezi ziqephu ze-arrhythmia enzima, ngeshwa kunezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezimo ezingapheli ezibeka phambili ku-arrhythmias enjalo, ubuchopho buyitho lokuqala lokuhlupheka futhi, ngenxa yalokhu, isiguli silahlekelwa ukwazi futhi siyaquleka.

Uma singenzi ngokushesha ngokucindezela kwesifuba futhi kusenesikhathi i-defibrillation, ukufa kobuchopho noma ukufa kwayo yonke into ephilayo kungenzeka.

Ngisho nakulezi zimo, ngakho-ke, ukungenelela ngokushesha kubaluleke kakhulu: 'i-massage yenhliziyo', noma kunalokho ukucindezelwa kwesifuba, kusivumela ukuba sizuze isikhathi esiyigugu futhi silondoloze ubuchopho ngandlela thile, kodwa yi-defibrillator, ebonakala nge-acronym yayo eluhlaza 'AED. ' noma 'EAD', lokho cishe kunquma njalo.

I-defibrillator empeleni iyakwazi, ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukubona i-arrhythmia enzima futhi 'iyiphazamise' ngokushaqeka kukagesi.

Njengoba kungase kuqageleke kalula, ukusebenza ngempumelelo kukhulu kakhulu lapho i-defibrillator isetshenziswa ngaphambili: futhi, isici sesikhathi sibalulekile.

UKWEHLISA IZINGOZI

Udokotela ube esethula umyalezo ezakhamuzini zokuvikela izinhliziyo zazo.

Ukuvimbela kubalulekile ngempela, ukudiliza zonke izici eziyingozi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngakho-ke, imfundo ngendlela yokuphila enempilo, okungukuthi ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuyeka ukubhema, ukuvivinya umzimba nokunciphisa ingcindezi, kanye nokuhlolwa njalo ukuhlola umfutho wegazi kanye nenani le-cholesterol kanye nokwelashwa okungenzeka kwesifo sikashukela.

Umuntu angase azizwe ephile saka, kodwa uma engawulinganisi umfutho wegazi lakhe, akasoze athola ukuthi unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngoba lokhu kungase kungabonakali.

Okufanayo kusebenza ekuhlolweni kwegazi, ngoba i-cholesterol ephezulu ayibonakali esigulini, ingatholakala kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Njengoba ngizamile ukuchaza, kubalulekile ukugwema ukubambezeleka ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kwenzeka izimpawu ze-infarction ye-myocardial, asilindi, asilibali: sibiza isevisi yezokwelapha eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Noma yikuphi ukungabaza kungabulala.

Phakathi nalolu bhubhane, abantu abaningi, ngokuqondakalayo besaba ubungozi bokutheleleka ngegciwane le-Sars-CoV-2, babukela phansi izimpawu zabo futhi baphuza ukucela usizo, kwesinye isikhathi befika sekwephuzile.

IMFUNDO EKUVUSELWENI KWE-CARDIOPULMONARY

Izindlela zokuvuselela i-cardiopulmonary resuscitation kufanele zibe yingxenye yemfundo yomphakathi yawo wonke umuntu: ukwazi ukubona ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo, ukwenza ngisho nokucindezelwa kwesifuba nje, ngokujula okunikeziwe nesigqi, ukucela usizo kanye nokuthola i-defibrillator kuwukungenelela kwasekuqaleni okubaluleke kakhulu uma kwenzeka isifo senhliziyo. abophe futhi asivumele ngokoqobo ukuthi sisindise izimpilo zabantu.

ISIDINGO SAMA-DEFIBRILLATOR

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcizelela isidingo sokusabalalisa ama-defibrillator kuyo yonke insimu.

Okwanele ukusho ukuthi ama-defibrillator ezakhiweni zomphakathi nasemahhovisi abaluleke kakhulu njengezicishamlilo: ukuba nama-defibrillator amaningi, kanye nezifundo ezengeziwe zokusebenzisa kahle le mishini elula, kusho ukuba nethuba elingcono lokusindisa ukuphila kwabantu abathintekayo ngenxa yokuboshwa kwenhliziyo. .

Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka, ulwazi olusabalele kanye nokuhlangana kwabantu ngabanye kanye nemiphakathi kungamadlelandawonye angcono kakhulu empilweni nempilo, okuhlanganisa nenhliziyo.

Ukuhlanganisa izinyathelo zokuphepha zomuntu siqu, okungukuthi ukuvimbela nokuhlolwa, ukuqashelwa kwezimpawu ezishaqisayo kanye nokungenelela ngokushesha uma kwenzeka inhliziyo iboshwa yizici ezintathu ezibalulekile zokugwema umonakalo ongalungiseki.