Mizinda inawonanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. Izi zikutanthauza zovuta zambiri pamagalimoto oyankha mwadzidzidzi potetezedwa pamsewu. Apa tiwona momwe tingawongolere magalimoto kuti apereke chisamaliro chabwino chisanachitike chipatala.

Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kumapangitsa kuti magalimoto azikula kwambiri. Moyo, monga momwe timadziwira, ndi wamtengo wapatali. Ndi yachiwiri kwa imodzi ndipo itatayika kamodzi siyingabwezeredwe. Nthawi masoka ndi ngozi zazikulu (monga ngozi zapamsewu), nthawi yankho yomwe atenga maulendo apadera Imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira ngakhale zili choncho ambulansi, injini zamoto kapena magalimoto apolisi. Cholepheretsa chachikulu chomwe akukumana nacho ndi kusokonezeka kwa magalimoto, ndiye kuti otetezeka mumsewu akhoza kulangidwa.

Kuti muthane ndi izi, pamafunika anzeru dongosolo loyendetsa magalimoto zomwe zimasinthasintha modabwitsa. Lingaliro lalikulu kumbuyo kwa pepalali ndikuwona njira ya ambulansi yomwe ikupita ndikuwongolera njira yamagalimoto kuti ipereke chithandizo chogwira ntchito. Pepala ili la olemba pamwambapa likuganiza njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito gawo la GPS kufalitsa komwe ambulansi kupita kumtambo pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la Wi-Fi, lomwe limaperekedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito anzeru omwe nawonso amasintha mayendedwe a mawu pamagalimoto. Njira yotsika mtengo imeneyi ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mumzinda wonsewo kuchepetsa kuchepetsedwa komanso kupewa ngozi zapamsewu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamsewu.

Ngozi zapamsewu - Momwe mungagonjetsere kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamsewu ndikuwatsimikizira ngozi zapamsewu?

Kusokonezeka kwa magalimoto m'mizinda kwakhala kukuwonjezereka chifukwa cha magalimoto ambiri omwe amayenda pamsewu. Komanso, magalimoto akadzidzidzi atakhazikika mumsewu kutali ndi msewu, chiwonetsero cha ambulansi sichitha kufikira apolisi, chifukwa magalimoto azadzidzidzi amayenera kudikirira mpaka magalimoto atachotsedwa kapena tiyenera kudalira magalimoto ena kuti apite kumbali yomwe si ntchito yamasewera. Pamenepa, chitetezo pamsewu ndizovuta kutsimikizira.

Pofuna kukhazikitsa dongosolo loyendetsa magalimoto pamsewu, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa IoT (Internet of Izinto) ndikofunikira. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito SIM-28 GPS [Global Positioning System] yomwe ili ndi wolandila ndi antenna yomwe imatumiza komwe kuli zenizeni munthawi ya ambulansi komanso komwe imakhalako nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, gawo la GPS tracker limatengedwa kuti likhazikitse chipangizo chamgalimoto. Pamodzi ndi gawo la GPS lomwe limaphatikizidwa ndi gawo la ESP8266 IoT Wi-Fi lomwe limapatsa ma microcontroller onse kulowa pa netiweki ya Wi-Fi.

Malangizo awiri omwe afotokozedweratu amasankhidwa pama siginecha onse mu mzindawo musanayambe ndi pambuyo pamsewu wa siginecha. Malo amodzi oterowo amasankhidwa mtunda wautali magalimoto asanayang'anire, kuti awone ngati galimoto yakugwa mwanjira yomwe ili pafupi ndi siginecha pomwe gawo linalo limasankhidwa pambuyo pa kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto kuti magalimoto abwerere imapangidwa kuti isinthe momwe imakhalira mozungulira kayendedwe kagalimoto yadzidzidziyo ikadutsa. Zizindikiro zamagalimoto zimaphatikizidwa ndi Raspberry Pi 3B +. Zizindikiro zamagalimoto zimapangidwira kuti zisinthe mwamphamvu galimoto yodzidzimutsa ikangodutsa kumene akupita.

 

Njira yoyendetsera magalimoto kuti mupewe ngozi zapamsewu: phindu lake ndi liti?

Pofuna kusintha chitetezo cha pamsewu, amaganiza za kachitidwe koti pezani ngozi zapamsewu kugwiritsa ntchito zokha mphamvu yothandizira. Ndi njira iyi, ambulansi Unit akhoza kutumiza magawo ofunikira a wodwalayo kuchipatala. Izi zithandizira kupulumutsa moyo wa wovulalayo (Kuzindikira Ngozi & Njira Yopulumutsira Maambulansi Pogwiritsa Ntchito Ukadaulo Wopanda zingwe [3].

Mu pepala Kuthandizira Ma ambulansi pa Ntchito Zadzidzidzi Kugwiritsa Ntchito GPS Navigation [4], adapempha njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipatala kutsata ma ambulansi awo. Cholinga chachikulu cha polojekitiyi ndikuchepetsa kufa kwa ozunzidwa kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti afika kuchipatala panthawi yoyenera.

Ukadaulo wa GPS ndizofunikira pakuwongolera chitetezo pamsewu. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chipatala chitha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu zomwe zingachepetse kuthamanga. Dongosolo ili ndiloyenera kwambiri ndipo mwayi waukulu ndikuti kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi. M'pepala la Accident Detection ndi Ambulansi Rescue pogwiritsa ntchito Raspberry Pi [5], adafotokozera njira yomwe imapeza njira mwachangu kwambiri pakuwongolera kuyatsa kwa magalimoto pamsewu pokomera galimoto yachipatala mwadzidzidzi.

Mwa dongosolo latsopanoli, kuchedwa kwa nthawi kumatsitsidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa RF womwe umayang'anira siginecha. Makonda othandizira kupita kuchipatala chadzidzidzi akutsatira ukadaulo wolumikizana kudzera pakulankhulana kwa seva. Izi zimawonetsetsa kuchepetsedwa kwakanthawi pakati pa malo a ngozi ndi chipatala.

Mu pepala malangizo a ambulansi ya Smart ambulansi [6], akuganiza za njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito seva yapakati kuti iwongolere oyendetsa pamsewu. Woyang'anira siginecha wamayendedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito Arduino UNO. Woyendetsa ma ambulansi amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti kupempha woyang'anira magalimoto kuti akhale wobiriwira pomwe ambulansi ilipo. Njira yotsika mtengo yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mzindawu potero kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chifukwa cha magalimoto omwe amakhala nawo pamsewu.

Ngozi zapamsewu ndi chitetezo: Thandizo la Ambulansi pa Ntchito Zadzidzidzi Kugwiritsa Ntchito GPS Navigation - Kusungidwa kwa fayilo

Mtunduwu umalola kuti dimba lowonjezera lazinthu monga kusungirako, netiweki, mphamvu zama kompyuta ndi pulogalamu iperekedwe pazomwe zikufunidwa. Zomwe zimagulitsidwazo zimachotsedwa ndikuzitumiza ngati ntchito pa intaneti kulikonse, nthawi iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, deta ya GPS yomwe imatumizidwa kuchokera ku chipangizo cha GPS chojambulidwa ndi Wi-Fi imasungidwa pamiyeso ya mtambo.

Kugwira ntchito kwa magetsi pamagetsi

Rasipiberi pi wa mtundu uliwonse ndi GPO adzagwira ntchito kuwongolera magetsi pamsewu. Timagwiritsa ntchito ma seti atatu a LED omwe amagwiritsa ntchito m'malo mwa magetsi oyendetsa magalimoto ndi chiwonetsero cha HDMI kuti muwonetse zomwe zikuchokera ku Pi. Apa, magetsi atatu oyenda mumsewu kukhala ofiira, amber ndi ma LED obiriwira amalumikizidwa ku Pi pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo zinayi. Chimodzi mwazinthu izi chimafunikira kukhazikitsidwa; zina zitatu kukhala zenizeni za zikhomo za GPIO zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera chilichonse cha ma LED.

Pambuyo pa Raspberry Pi 3B + idayikidwa ndi raspbian pi Osagwiritsa ntchito, magetsi amagetsi amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito kudzera mu chilankhulo cha Python. Ma ambulansi ikadutsa gawo loyambirira lomwe limafotokozedwa kuti ndi 300 metre msewu usanachitike, uthenga umayatsa nyali ya LED kuti inyatse, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magalimoto abwera pagalimoto yodziwikiratu komanso nthawi yomweyo yofiyira kuyatsa kumawonetsedwa mbali zonse zotsala za magalimoto kuti muwonetsetse kuti magalimoto omwe akulowa mumsewuwo ndi omwe akuwayimira.

Galimoto yama ambulansi ikadutsa gawo lachiwiri lomwe lili pamtunda wa mamita ena a 50 pambuyo pamagalimoto oyendetsera magalimoto, magetsi amagetsi amakonzedwa kuti abwerere mozungulira momwe amagulitsira magalimoto pamsewu.

____________________________________

Kuzindikira kwa Ma ambulansi ndi Magalimoto Oyang'anira - chitetezo panjira , Pulofesa wa Mysore 1Associate, Dept. wa ISE, The National Institute of Engineering, Mysore

 

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ZOKHUDZA
1) Dian-liang Xiao, Yu-jia Tian. Kudalirika kwa Emergency Rescue System pa Highway, IEEE, 2009.
2) Rajesh Kannan Megalingam. Ramesh Nammily Nair, Sai Manoj Prakhya. Opanda zingwe za Magalimoto Opanda Opanda zingwe, ndi IEEE, 2010.
3) Pooja Dagade, Priyanka Salunke, Supriya Salunke, Seema T. PatiL, Nutan Maharashtra Institute of Engineering ndi Technology. Kuzindikira Ngozi & Njira Yopulumutsira Maambulansi Pogwiritsa Ntchito Opanda zingwe, IJRET, 2017
4) Shantanu Sarkar, School of Computer Science, VIT University, Vellore. Thandizo la Ambulansi pa Ntchito Zadzidzidzi Kugwiritsa Ntchito GPS Navigation, IJRET, 2016.
5) Kavya K, Dr Geetha CR, Dept. wa E&C, Sapthagiri College of Engineering. Kuzindikira Ngozi ndi Kupulumutsa Maambulansi pogwiritsa ntchito Rasipiberi Pi, IJET, 2016.
6) Mr. Bhushan Anant Ramani, Prof. Amutha Jeyakumar, VJTI Mumbai. Smart Ambulance Guidance System, International Journal of Advanced Research mu Computer Science ndi Electronics Engineering, 2018.
7) R. Sivakumar, G. Vignesh, Vishal Narayanan, Anna University, Tamil Nadu. Makina oyendetsa magalimoto okhazikika ndi kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto. IEEE, 2018.
8) Tejas Thaker, Sukulu ya GTU PG, Gandhinagar.ESP8266 yochokera kukhazikitsa ma seva opanda zingwe ndi intaneti ya Linux. IEEE, 2016.
9) Mr. Nerella Ome, Master of Engineering, Pulofesa Wothandizira, GRIET, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Internet of Things (IoT) based Sensors to Cloud system pogwiritsa ntchito ESP8266 ndi Arduinoential, IJARCCE, 2016.
10) Niyati Parameswaran, Bharathi Muthu, Madiajagan Muthaiyan, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. Qmulus - Mtambo Wofufuza wa GPS Woyang'anira Kutsata Njira Yeniyeni Yogwiritsira Ntchito Magalimoto Osiyanasiyana, Mtundu Wa International Journal of Computer and Information Engineering, 2013.
11) Saradha, B. Janani, G. Vijayshri, ndi T. Subha. Njira yanzeru yolamulira magalimoto pamtunda wa ambulansi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito RFID ndi mtambo. Computing and Communications Technologies (ICCCT), 2017, 2nd International Conference on. IEEE, 2017.
12) Madhav Mishra, Seema Singh, Dr Jayalekshmi KR, Dr Taskeen Nadkar. Chidziwitso cha Advance cha Ambulansi Pass pogwiritsa ntchito IOT ya Smart City, International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, June 2017.

 

BIOGRAPHIES
Karthik BV pakadali pano akuchita digiri yake ya BE ku department of Information Science & Engineering, Mysuru. Dera lake lalikulu la BE ndi IoT. Pepala ili ndi pepala lofufuzira za ntchito yake ya BE.
Manoj M pakadali pano akuchita digiri yake ya BE ku department of Information Science & Engineering, Mysuru. Dera lake lalikulu la BE ndi IoT. Pepala ili ndi pepala lofufuzira za ntchito yake ya BE.
Rohit R Kowshik pakadali pano akuchita digiri yake ya BE ku department of Information Science & Engineering, Mysuru. Dera lake lalikulu la BE ndi IoT. Pepala ili ndi pepala lofufuzira za ntchito yake ya BE.
Akash Aithal pakadali pano akuchita digiri yake ya BE ku department of Information Science & Engineering, Mysuru. Dera lake lalikulu la BE ndi IoT. Pepala ili ndi pepala lofufuzira za ntchito yake ya BE.
Dr. Kuzhalvai Mozhi ndi Pulofesa Wothandizira mu department of Information Science & Engineering. Adalandira Ph.D. kuchokera ku VTU, Belagavi, ME kuchokera ku PSG, Coimbatore ndi BE kuchokera ku Trichy. Zomwe amaphunzitsa komanso kufufuza zimachitika mu Cryptography ndi Compiler.