ʻO Elizabeth Blackwell: he paionia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau
Ka Huakai Kupanaha a ke Kauka Wahine Mua
Ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi kipi
Elizabeth Blackwell, hānau ʻia ma Pepeluali 3, 1821, ma Bristol, ʻEnelani, ua neʻe i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa me kona ʻohana i ka makahiki 1832, a noho ma Cincinnati, Ohio. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne i ka makahiki 1838, ua kū ʻo Elizabeth me kona ʻohana pilikia kālā, akā, ʻaʻole kēia i hōʻemi iā Elizabeth mai ka hahai ʻana i kāna mau moeʻuhane. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia kāna hoʻoholo e lilo i kauka e nā ʻōlelo a kahi hoaaloha e make ana i hōʻike i kona makemake e mālama ʻia e kahi kauka wahine. I kēlā manawa, aneane hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka manaʻo o ke kauka wahine, a ua kū ʻo Blackwell i nā pilikia he nui a me nā hoʻokae ʻana i kāna huakaʻi. ʻOiai ʻo ia, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ka ʻae ʻia ma Ke Kulanui Lapaʻau Geneva ma Nu Ioka ma 1847, ʻoiai ua ʻike mua ʻia kona ʻae ʻana he mea hoʻohenehene.
Ka lanakila i nā pilikia
I ka wā o kāna aʻo ʻana, pinepine ʻo Blackwell hoʻopilikia ʻia e kona mau hoa papa a me na kamaaina. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā pilikia nui, ʻo ia hoʻi hoʻokae mai nā polopeka a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā papa a me nā hale hana. Akā naʻe, ua paʻa mau kona manaʻo paʻa, a ua loaʻa iā ia ka mahalo o kona mau polopeka a me nā hoa haumāna. puka mua ma kāna papa i ka makahiki 1849. Ma hope o ka puka ʻana, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā halemai ma Ladana a me Palisa, kahi i hoʻokuʻu pinepine ʻia ai ʻo ia i ke kahu hānai a i ʻole nā hana obstetric.
He Hoʻoilina no ka hopena
ʻOiai ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā haukapila a me nā keʻena ma muli o ka hoʻokae kāne kāne, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻo Blackwell. I ka makahiki 1857, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka ʻO ka Infirmary o New York no nā wāhine a me nā keiki me kona kaikuahine Emily a me ka hoa hana Marie Zakrzewska. He ʻelua ʻoihana ko ka haukapila: e hāʻawi i ka mālama olakino i nā wahine ʻilihune a me nā keiki a hāʻawi i nā manawa ʻoihana i nā kauka wahine. I ka wā o ka Ke Kaua Kivila o ʻAmelika, ua aʻo nā kaikuahine ʻo Blackwell i nā kahu hānai no nā haukapila Union. I ka makahiki 1868, Elizabeth wehe ʻia kahi kulanui lapaʻau no nā wahine ma New York City, a ma 1875, ua lilo ʻo ia i a polopeka o ka gynecology i ka mea hou Kula Lapaau o Ladana no na Wahine.
He Paionia a me ka Hoʻoikaika
ʻAʻole wale ʻo Elizabeth Blackwell i lanakila i nā pale pilikino kupaianaha akā pū kekahi ua wehe i ke ala no nā hanauna wahine e hiki mai ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kāna hoʻoilina i ʻoi aku ma mua o kāna ʻoihana lapaʻau a me kāna kuleana i ka hāpai ʻana i ka hoʻonaʻauao wahine a me ke komo ʻana i ka ʻoihana lapaʻau. ʻO kāna mau puke, me kahi autobiography i kapa ʻia ʻo "Hana Paionia i ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻoihana lapaʻau i nā wahine” (1895), he mau hōʻike ia i kāna hāʻawi mau ʻana i ka holomua o nā wahine i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
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