Medieval lāʻau lapaʻau: ma waena o empiricism a me ka manaoio
He hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hana a me nā manaʻo o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ʻEulopa
Nā aʻa kahiko a me nā hana o ka wā kahiko
Medicine in ʻEulopa medieval ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻike kahiko, nā mana moʻomeheu like ʻole, a me nā hana hou pragmatic. Ka malama ana i ke koena o ka ʻehā ʻakaʻaka (ka mele melemele, phlegm, bile ʻeleʻele, a me ke koko), ua hilinaʻi nā kauka o ia manawa i nā hoʻokolohua mua maʻamau e loiloi i nā maʻi, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā mea e like me ke aniau noho, ka meaʻai maʻamau, a me nā horoscopes. Ua paʻa loa ka hana lapaʻau i ka Kuʻuna Hippocratic, ka mea i hoʻokūpaʻa i ke koʻikoʻi o ka ʻai, ka hoʻoikaika kino, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kaulike humoral.
ʻO ka ho'ōla Templar a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau
Kūlike me nā hana lapaʻau ma muli o Kuʻuna Helene-Roma, aia nā hana ho'ōla Templar a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau, i hoʻohuli ʻia e nā hana pagan a me ka folkloric, ua hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kēia ʻano empirical a pragmatic ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā maʻi ma mua o ko lākou ʻike etiological. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau, i mahi ʻia i loko o nā kīhāpai monastic, i hana koʻikoʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā manawa. Nā kiʻi like Hildegard von Bingen, ʻoiai ua aʻo ʻia i ka lāʻau Helene kahiko, ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kā lākou mau hana.
ʻO ka hoʻonaʻauao lapaʻau a me ka ʻokiʻoki
ʻO ke kauka kula o Montpellier, e pili ana i ke kenekulia 10, a me ka hooponopono ana i ka hana lapaau e Roger o Sicilia ma 1140, e hōʻike i nā ho'āʻo i ka standardization a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO nā ʻano hana ʻokiʻoki o ia manawa, ʻo ia ka ʻoki ʻana, ka cauterizations, ka wehe ʻana i ka cataract, ka unuhi ʻana o nā niho, a me ka trepanations. ʻO Apothecaries, nāna i kūʻai aku i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lako no nā mea pena kiʻi, ua lilo i mau kikowaena o ka ʻike olakino.
ʻO nā maʻi Medieval a me ke ala ʻuhane i ka ho'ōla
ʻO nā maʻi weliweli loa o ka Middle Ages,ʻo ia ka maʻi ahulau, ka maʻi lepera, a me ke ahi a Saint Anthony. ʻO ka maʻi ahulau 1346 ua luku ʻia ʻo ʻEulopa me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka papa kaiaulu. ʻO ka Lepera, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka lele ʻana ma mua o ka mea i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā poʻe maʻi ma muli o nā deformities i hana ʻia. Ke ahi o Sana Anthony, ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana i ka rai i haumia, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā wēlau gangrenous. ʻO kēia mau maʻi, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe he nui ʻē aʻe, ua wehewehe i kahi ʻano o nā pilikia olakino i kamaʻilio pinepine ʻia me kahi ala ʻuhane, me nā hana lapaʻau o ia manawa.
Hōʻike ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka Middle Ages i kahi hui paʻakikī o ka ʻike empirical, ʻuhane, a me nā hoʻoponopono ʻoihana mua. ʻOiai nā palena a me nā manaʻo hoʻomanaʻo o ka manawa, ua kau kēia manawa i ke kumu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke ʻoki.
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