ʻO ke kumu o ka microscope: he puka makani i ka honua micro
He huakaʻi ma ka moʻolelo o Microscopy
Nā Aʻa o ka Microscopy
ʻO ka manaʻo o ka microscope he aʻa kona i ka wā kahiko. In China, e like me 4,000 makahiki aku nei, ua ʻike ʻia nā laʻana i hoʻonui ʻia ma o nā lens ma ka hopena o kahi paipu piha wai, e loaʻa ana nā pae nui o ka hoʻonui. ʻO kēia hana, ʻoi loa ka holomua no kona wā, e hōʻike ana he manaʻo ʻike a hoʻohana ʻia ka optical magnification i ka wā kahiko. Ma nā moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe kekahi, e like me Helene, ʻOʻAigupita, a Roma ia, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lens curved no nā kumu like ʻole, me nā kaʻina hana ʻoki. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona mua, ʻoiai he mea hou, ʻaʻole ia i hōʻike i ka microscope e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai i kēia lā akā ua kau i ke kumu no kāna mea hou e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka hānau ʻana o ka Microscope Compound
ʻO ka holomua maoli i ka mōʻaukala o ka microscopy i kū a puni 1590 i ka wā ʻekolu mea hana lens Dutch - Hans Jansen, kana keiki Zakaria Jansen, a Hans Lippershey - ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia me ka haku ʻana i ka microscope hui pū. ʻO kēia mea hou, i hui pū i nā lens he nui i loko o kahi paipu, ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻonui nui ʻana ma mua o nā ʻano hana mua. Ua kaulana ia i ke kenekulia 17 a ua hoʻohana ʻia e nā ʻepekema e like me Robert hooke, he kanaka akeakamai maoli Pelekane, i hoomaka i na hoikeike mau i ka Royal Society e hoomaka ana i ka makahiki 1663. I ka makahiki 1665, ua hoopuka o Hooke “Micrograph", he hana i hoʻolauna i kahi ākea o nā ʻike microscopic a kōkua nui i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka microscopy.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Ka Makua o Microscopy
I ka manawa like me Hooke, Antoine van Leeuwenhoek, he kanaka kālepa a me ka ʻepekema Dutch, i hoʻomohala ʻia mea akā he microscopes ikaika loa. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Leeuwenhoek i kēia mau microscopes no kāna ʻike paionia o nā microorganisms i ka wai i ka makahiki 1670, no laila ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka microbiology. Ua kaulana ʻo ia no kona akamai i ka hana ʻana i nā lens a me kāna mau leka kikoʻī i ka Royal Society ma Lākana, nāna i hōʻoia a hoʻolaha i kāna mau ʻike. Ma o kēia mau leka, ua lilo ʻo Leeuwenhoek i mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka microscopy.
Holomua ʻenehana
Mai ka lohi 17th kenekulia, ua hoʻomau ka optics o kēia mea kani i ka holomua wikiwiki. I ka 18th kenekulia, ua holomua nui i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā aberrations chromatic, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi. I ka 19th kenekulia, ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano aniani aniani hou a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka geometry optical i alakaʻi i nā hoʻomaikaʻi hou aʻe. Ua hoʻokumu kēia mau mea i ke kumu no ka microscopy hou, hiki ke ʻimi i ka honua microscopic me ka pololei a me ka maopopo ʻole.