Specific Immunotherapy: what it is and what it is used for
The principles on which the practice of Specific Immunotherapy (ITS) is based were born out of empiricism, but have been scientifically validated over the last twenty years
The treatment is based on the administration of extracts of the compounds that cause the allergic reaction, starting with very low doses and working up to the maximum doses that can be tolerated.
The aim is to induce immunological tolerance, i.e. to recondition the body’s complex cellular and serological defence mechanisms to correct abnormal reactions to one or more specific allergens.
All our lives have a history of gradual tolerance to the environment around us: Specific Immunotherapy repeats this process in a small and targeted way.
What Specific Immunotherapy consists of
As with other controlled therapeutic procedures (chemotherapy, hormone therapy), ITS is carried out in cycles and with the necessary surveillance for risks of adverse effects. The procedures adopted are based on international guidelines and consensus documents, but each treatment is customised according to the type of allergy and the individual.
The individual is taken into direct care for this purpose.
The proposal to start ITS (Specific Immunotherapy) in cycles and the choice of the appropriate allergen vaccine are the responsibility of the physician
Today it is possible to use various types of Injectable (subcutaneous), oral (sublingual), and inhalation (endonasal) vaccines, with different effect characteristics.
ITS commits the patient, doctor and hospital to a joint programme for years (three to six generally).
The results are:
- the reduction of nasal and ocular disorders by at least 70%;
- the halting of the evolution of allergic asthma
- in several cases the radical alleviation of personal allergic sensitisation.
When and why Specific Immunotherapy is used
In the current state of knowledge, it is possible to put the main respiratory allergies to pollen, house dust, cat and Alternaria mould into specific immunotherapy.
In addition (and it is a life-saving therapy) it is used in cases of allergy to wasp, hornet and bee venom.
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