Ukhondo: mfundo za antimicrobial, antiseptic, disinfectant ndi kulera

By Cristiano Antonino On Apr 20, 2023

Antimicrobial ndi, mwa tanthawuzo, chinthu chachilengedwe kapena chopangidwa chomwe chimapha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) kapena kulepheretsa kukula kwawo.

Mankhwala opha tizilombo amagawidwa makamaka malinga ndi

mtundu wa ntchito (kupha kapena kuletsa kukula);
mtundu wa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timawatsogolera (mawonekedwe a zochita).

Antimicrobial yomwe imapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imakhala ndi zotsatira zake

bactericides: kupha mabakiteriya
fungicides: kupha bowa;
virocides: kupha ma virus.

Kumbali ina, maantimicrobial omwe amalepheretsa (kuchepetsa kapena kuyimitsa) kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi:

bacteriostatic: kuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya;
fungistatic: kuletsa kukula kwa bowa;
virostatics: kuletsa kukula kwa ma virus.

Kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwanthawi yayitali pa minofu ya vivo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma antimicrobial imagawidwa kukhala antiseptics ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo:

antiseptic: mankhwala opha tizilombo kapena mankhwala okhala ndi mphamvu zoteteza kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kaya kunja, pamwamba kapena mkati mwa chamoyo. Mankhwala opha tizilombo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa minofu yamoyo, ngakhale pamagulu akuluakulu, ndipo izi zimatheka chifukwa cha katundu wina wa mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti 'selective toxicity'. Kupha kawopsedwe kosankha kumachitika chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa antimicrobial kugunda ma cell ena omwe ali ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kotero kuti palibe chovulaza chomwe chimayambitsa chamoyo (munthu). Ma antimicrobial amenewa ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala;
mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: chinthu chomwe chingathe kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi spores (mwachitsanzo, chlorine, ayodini, hydrogen peroxide, phenol ndi mowa wa ethyl). Mankhwala ophera majeremusi SINGAgwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri pa minofu yamoyo, chifukwa ndi poizoni. Zinthu zambiri zokhala ndi antimicrobial zimagwera m'gulu ili. Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu lanu.

Chowonjezedwa pa izi ndi lingaliro la kulera: njira yomwe imatsimikizira kuti kukhala ndi moyo kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono sikungatheke.

Kutsekereza kumatanthauza kutheratu ndi/kapena kutheratu kwa zamoyo zilizonse, pamene kuthira tizilombo kumangochitika ku mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda basi osati zamoyo zilizonse.

Muzochita zachipatala, ma antimicrobials amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pamene mu kafukufuku wa sayansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kusankha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tizilima mu labotale.