Ukraine: 'umu ndi momwe angaperekere chithandizo choyamba kwa munthu wovulala ndi mfuti'

By Cristiano Antonino On Feb 3, 2023

Thandizo loyamba kwa anthu ovulazidwa ndi mfuti: Security Service ya Ukraine yafalitsa mndandanda wa maphunziro okhudza mankhwala anzeru - chithandizo choyamba chachipatala chisanachitike

Kudziwa izi muzochitika zankhondo kungathandize kupulumutsa moyo wa munthu kutsogolo.

Vidiyoyi, yophunzitsa asilikali omwe akugwira nawo nkhondoyi, inatulutsidwa ndi nyuzipepala ya Pravda, chifukwa kwenikweni zozimitsa moto zimakhudzidwa makamaka ndi anthu wamba.

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Kanema phunziro 1. Kuthandiza munthu wovulala pamoto

Muvidiyoyi, asilikali apadera ochokera ku Security Service's Special Operations Center 'A' akufotokoza momwe angathandizire munthu wovulala pamoto ndikuwonetsa momwe angapewere kuvulala kwina panthawi ya nkhondo.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya chithandizo kwa munthu wovulala pamoto: kudzithandiza ndi kuthandizana.

Pofuna kupereka chithandizo kwa ovulala, m'pofunika kuchita motere

kuzemba moto
pezani pobisalira.

Ndiye m'pofunika kuunika kuopsa kwa kuvulazidwa ndi momwe munthu wovulalayo alili, kenako mumupatse malangizo, malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili:

bwezera moto
pezani malo otetezeka apafupi ndikupita komweko,
khazikitsani chithandizo ngati wozunzidwayo atha kuchita yekha.

Ngati munthu wovulalayo sangathe kusuntha kapena wakomoka, payenera kukonzedwa ndondomeko yoti afike kwa iye.

Chokhacho chomwe chingachitike mu gawo la chithandizo cha "pansi pa moto", ngati njira ikuloleza, ndikuyimitsa magazi ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa magazi. zojambula.

Mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri za zizindikiro za kutaya magazi kwakukulu, kudzithandiza nokha, malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito maulendo oyendayenda mu gawo la 'pansi pa moto', kuonetsetsa kuti patency ya airway, kusuntha munthu wovulala kuchokera kunkhondo kupita kumalo ogona mu kanema woyamba wa SBU.

Kanema wa phunziro 2. Kuthandiza wovulazidwa yemwe waomberedwa m'malo mwanzeru ndikuwunika zida zothandizira

Ovulazidwa atasamutsidwa kuchokera kumalo oyaka moto kupita kumalo otetezeka, kuthandizidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yanzeru kumafunika.

Utumiki wa Chitetezo ku Ukraine wanena zomwe ziyenera kukhala mwa msilikali aliyense chithandizo choyambira zida ndi momwe wopulumutsa munthu wovulala ayenera kuchita asanayambe kupereka chithandizo molingana ndi algorithm ya MARCH.

Algorithm ya MARCH imatsimikizira zoyambira ndi dongosolo la zochita popereka chithandizo kwa ovulala.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati omenyera salinso pamoto ndipo amatha kuyang'ana kwambiri kupulumutsa anzawo.

Zomwe ziyenera kukhala mu zida zothandizira woyamba wa womenya:

zamalonda lumo,
magolovesi azachipatala,
tourniquet,
swabs - yopyapyala yokhala ndi haemostat,
bandeji kuti asiye kutuluka magazi,
nasopharyngeal cannula kwa thirakiti la kupuma,
zomatira oclusive ku mabala otseka,
blanket yotentha,
bandeji wamaso
Pill-pack, yomwe ili ndi ma antibiotic ndi anti-yotupa,
ziphuphu za minofu,
'khadi lachilonda' ndi chikhomo chokhazikika.

Muvidiyoyi mutha kudziwanso zambiri za:

kupanga ndi kuyang'anira chitetezo chozungulira,
kuchotsera zida ovulala,
zikhalidwe zakuchedwetsa kusamuka,
kuyika chida choyamba chothandizira komanso chosinthira pa zida.
kutchulidwa kwa zida zoyambira zothandizira.

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Phunziro 3. The MARCH aligorivimu. M - Kuzimitsa moto komanso kutaya magazi kwakukulu

Muvidiyoyi, SBU ikufotokoza momwe mungaletsere magazi ambiri mwa munthu wovulala, chifukwa munthu akhoza kufa mkati mwa mphindi zochepa kuchokera ku kutaya magazi mofulumira.

A SBU adalongosola zomwe msilikali ayenera kuchita populumutsa mnzake.

Makamaka:

momwe mungayesere zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino za munthu wovulalayo,
momwe ndi liti mungagwiritsire ntchito tourniquet,
kugwiritsa ntchito tamponade,
nthawi yopaka bandeji,
mmene kuzindikira mantha

Phunziro 4. The MARCH aligorivimu. A - Patency ya Airway

Pambuyo posiya kutuluka kwakukulu kwa magazi, gawo lotsatira la chisamaliro ndikuyang'ana chidziwitso cha munthu wovulalayo, zomwe zimachitika ku mawu, zomwe zimapweteka.

Ngati sakuyankha chilichonse mwazolimbikitsa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ngati wovulalayo akupuma.

Kuti achite izi, lamba la chisoti liyenera kumasulidwa ndikuyang'ana pakamwa kuti aone ngati pali matupi akunja.

Ngati alipo, ayenera kuchotsedwa mwa kutembenuzira mutu wa munthu wovulalayo kumbali, monga momwe vidiyo ya manikin ikuwonetsera.

Zambiri pazomwe wopulumutsira adachita - kutsegula njira yodutsa mpweya, kuika mpweya wa nasopharyngeal ndikusamutsira munthu wovulalayo kumalo okhazikika - mu nkhani ya SBU.

PHUNZIRO 5: MARCH. R - kupuma

Poonetsetsa kuti mpweya wa wovulalayo uli ndi mphamvu, m'pofunika kuyang'ana zizindikiro za kupuma ndi kupereka chithandizo ngati pali vuto la chifuwa.

Choyamba, wopulumutsayo ayenera kuyesa kupuma kwa wovulalayo:

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kudziwa kupuma kwa masekondi 10 (chizoloŵezi cha munthu wovulala ndi kupuma kwa 10-30 pamphindi),
kudziwa kuya kwa kupuma poyika dzanja kumunsi kwa chifuwa,
dziwani kufananiza kwa kupuma poyika zikhatho zonse ziwiri m'munsi mwa chifuwa mbali zonse ziwiri.

Kenaka, womenyanayo ayenera kuyang'ana chifuwa ndi kumbuyo kwa ovulala.

Momwe mungachitire molondola, komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zomatira, ndi chithandizo chotani chomwe chingaperekedwe panthawi ya pneumothorax (kuchuluka kwa mpweya (nthawi zambiri, mpweya) m'mphepete mwa pleural ndi kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono momwemo) ndi momwe angachitire. kuteteza hypothermia (kutsika kwa kutentha kwa thupi) - mu phunziro la SBU.

Phunziro 6: Njira ya MARCH. C - Kuyenda kwa magazi

Mu gawo ili, ndikofunikira kuchita zowopsa ndikuwunika magazi osafunikira mwa munthu wovulalayo ndikuyimitsa.

Ndikofunikiranso kutsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa njira zam'mbuyomu zowongolera magazi ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo la 'M - Kutaya magazi kwakukulu' la algorithm ya MARCH.

Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri cha gawoli ndi kuyesa kwa chiuno cha chiuno cha kukhalapo kwa fractures ndi kukonza kwake.

Bungwe la SBU lidafotokoza momwe mungayang'anire zizindikiro za kugwedezeka kwa wovulalayo atavulala, thandizo ngati wathyoka m'chiuno, ndikuyika mabandeji moyenera pamabala.

Mfuti, phunziro 7. MARCH Algorithm: H – Kuvulala mutu, hypothermia ndi kukonzekera wovulalayo kuti asamuke

Njira yomaliza yosamalira munthu wovulala molingana ndi algorithm ya MARCH ndikuwunika ngati pali kuvulala kwa craniocerebral ndi zochita zoyamba zikapezeka.

Kenako, tiyenera kukonzekera munthu wovulalayo kuti achoke ndikuyambitsa ndondomeko ya PAWS.

Kuti muwone zizindikiro za kuvulala kwa ubongo, m'pofunika kufufuza

mutu chifukwa cha mikwingwirima, mikwingwirima ndi zothyoka;
mabala ozungulira maso - ngati alipo popanda zizindikiro za kupwetekedwa kwa mphuno, izi zimasonyeza kuvulala kwakukulu kwa mutu;
symmetry ya ana (asymmetry ndi chizindikiro cha TBI),
momwe ana amachitira ndi kuwala potseka ndi kutsegula maso a munthu wovulalayo ndi manja - ana awo ayenera kucheperachepera ngati palibe kuvulala mutu. Ngati palibe kuwala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyali, koma osaloza m'maso mwa munthu wovulalayo: sunthani mtengowo kupita ku chinthu china chapafupi.

A SBU adalankhulanso za: