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Thandizo loyamba: tanthauzo, tanthawuzo, zizindikiro, zolinga, ndondomeko zapadziko lonse

By Cristiano Antonino On Jun 18, 2022

Mawu akuti 'thandizo loyamba' amatanthauza zochita zomwe zimathandiza wopulumutsa m'modzi kapena angapo kuti athandize munthu m'modzi kapena angapo omwe ali m'mavuto panthawi yachipatala.

'Wopulumutsa' sikuti ndi dokotala kapena a zamalonda, koma angakhale aliyense, ngakhale amene sanaphunzirepo zachipatala: nzika iliyonse imakhala 'wopulumutsa' pamene ilowererapo kuti athandize munthu wina. nsautso, pamene akuyembekezera kudza kwa thandizo loyenerera, monga dokotala.

'Munthu wovutika' ndi aliyense amene akukumana ndi vuto ladzidzidzi yemwe, ngati sathandizidwa, akhoza kukhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka kapena kutuluka pamwambowo popanda kuvulazidwa.

Nthawi zambiri ndi anthu omwe amavutika ndi kuvulala kwakuthupi ndi / kapena m'maganizo, matenda adzidzidzi kapena zochitika zina zomwe zingawononge thanzi, monga moto, zivomezi, kumira, kuwombera mfuti kapena kubayidwa, kuwonongeka kwa ndege, ngozi za sitima kapena kuphulika.

Malingaliro a chithandizo choyamba ndi chithandizo chadzidzidzi akhalapo kwa zaka zikwizikwi m'zitukuko zonse za dziko lapansi, komabe, akhala akukumana ndi zochitika zamphamvu kuti zigwirizane ndi zochitika zazikulu za nkhondo (makamaka Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse) ndipo akadali ofunika kwambiri masiku ano. , makamaka m’malo amene kuli nkhondo.

Mwachikhalidwe, kupita patsogolo zambiri m'munda wa chithandizo choyamba kunachitika panthawiyi Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni yaku America, zomwe zidapangitsa mphunzitsi waku America Clarissa 'Clara' Harlowe Barton (Oxford, 25 Disembala 1821 - Glen Echo, 12 Epulo 1912) kuti apeze ndikukhala purezidenti woyamba wa American Red Cross.

KUFUNIKA KWA MAPHUNZIRO PA KUPULUMUTSA: ENDWENI KU BUKHU LA SQUICCIARINI RESCUE BOOTH NDIKUDZIWA MMENE MUNGAKONZEKERE PADZIWAZI.

Zizindikiro Zothandizira Choyamba

Chizindikiro chapadziko lonse lapansi chothandizira choyamba ndi mtanda woyera pamtundu wobiriwira, woperekedwa ndi International Organisation for Standardization (ISO).

Chizindikiro chozindikiritsa magalimoto opulumutsa ndi antchito, kumbali ina, ndi Nyenyezi ya Moyo, yomwe ili ndi mtanda wa buluu, wokhala ndi zida zisanu ndi chimodzi, mkati mwake muli 'ndodo ya Asclepius': ndodo yomwe njoka imazungulira.

Chizindikirochi chimapezeka pagalimoto zonse zadzidzidzi: mwachitsanzo, ndi chizindikiro chowonekera ambulansi.

Asclepius (Chilatini chotanthauza 'Aesculapius') anali mulungu wanthano wachi Greek wa zamankhwala wophunzitsidwa zaukadaulo ndi centaur Chiron.

Chizindikiro cha mtanda wofiira pa maziko oyera nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito; komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa izi ndi zizindikiro zofananira kumasungidwa kwa mabungwe omwe amapanga International Red Cross ndi Red Crescent komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zankhondo, monga chizindikiro chozindikiritsa ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndi mautumiki (omwe chizindikirocho chimapereka chitetezo pansi pa Geneva Pangano ndi mapangano ena apadziko lonse lapansi), chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kulikonse ndikosayenera komanso kulangidwa ndi lamulo.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Malta Cross.

WASIYO WA ONSE ONSE NTCHITO PADZIKO LAPANSI? ENDWENI KU EMS RADIO BOOTH PA EMERGENCY EXPO

Zolinga za chithandizo choyamba zikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule m'mfundo zitatu zosavuta

kusunga munthu wovulalayo; kwenikweni, ichi ndicho cholinga cha chithandizo chonse chamankhwala;
kuteteza kuwonongeka kwina kwa wovulalayo; izi zikutanthauza kumuteteza ku zinthu zakunja (monga kumuchotsa ku magwero a ngozi) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zopulumutsira zomwe zimachepetsa kuthekera kwakuti matenda akewo achuluke (mwachitsanzo kukanikiza bala kuti kuchedwetsa kutuluka kwa magazi);
kulimbikitsa kukonzanso, komwe kumayamba kale pamene kupulumutsidwa kukuchitika.

Maphunziro a chithandizo choyamba amaphatikizanso kuphunzitsa malamulo kuti ateteze zinthu zoopsa kuyambira pachiyambi komanso amaphunzitsa magawo osiyanasiyana opulumutsa.

Njira zofunika, zida ndi malingaliro pazamankhwala azadzidzidzi komanso chithandizo choyamba ndizo:

kuyendera;
BLS (Thandizo loyamba pa moyo);
Ola lagolide;
ABC ulamuliro;
Kuwongolera kwa GAS;
AMPLE kuyendetsa;
ZITSANZO zoyendetsa;
Kuwongolera kwa OPCS;
Kutumiza sikelo;
Glasgow Coma Scale;
KED chipangizo extrication;
khola lachiberekero;
defibrillator;
chithandizo chofunikira chamoyo (BTLS);
kuthandizira moyo wapamwamba (ALS);
kupuma pakamwa ndi pakamwa;
kutikita minofu ya mtima;
mankhwala okosijeni;
makina mpweya wabwino;
Ambu buluni;
tracheotomy; tracheostomy
cricothyroidotomy;
kumangidwa kwa mtima.

Njira Zothandizira Choyamba

Pali njira zambiri zothandizira zoyamba ndi njira zamankhwala.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndizothandizira moyo wa trauma (motero mawu akuti SVT) mu Chingerezi Basic trauma life support (motero BTLF acronym).

Thandizo lofunikira la moyo ndi ndondomeko ya zochitika zopewera kapena kuchepetsa kuwonongeka pakachitika kumangidwa kwa mtima. Njira zothandizira zoyamba ziliponso m'maganizo.

mwachitsanzo, Basic Psychological Support (BPS), mwachitsanzo, ndi njira yothandizira opulumutsira wamba yomwe imayang'anira kuyang'anira koyambirira kwa nkhawa yayikulu komanso mantha, podikirira kulowererapo kwa akatswiri ndi akatswiri opulumutsa omwe mwina adachenjezedwa.

Njira yopulumutsira zoopsa

Kukachitika zoopsa, pali njira yolumikizira zopulumutsira, yotchedwa chain of trauma survivor, yomwe imagawidwa m'magawo asanu akuluakulu.

kuyimba foni mwadzidzidzi: kuchenjeza msanga kudzera pa nambala yangozi;
kuyeserera komwe kunachitika kuti awone kuopsa kwa chochitikacho komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa;
chithandizo choyambirira cha moyo;
kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira ku Trauma Center (mkati mwa ola lagolide);
kuthandizira koyambirira kwa moyo wathanzi.