Amaqhawekazi omlilo wokuqala wabasetyhini: imbali yeqela labasetyhini kwi-1800s
Oovulindlela abaNxamnye noMlilo ngeXesha leeVictori
Amadangatye oTshintsho lwangaphambili
The imbali yabasetyhini in ukulwa umlilo ineengcambu ezinzulu ukusukela ekuqaleni kwe1800s. Omnye wabasetyhini bokuqala ababhaliweyo abacima umlilo bekunjalo Molly Williams, ilungu le Inkampani ye-Oceanus Fire No. 11 eNew York ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Igalelo lakhe liye laphawuleka ngakumbi ngexesha lekhephu ngo-1818 xa amavolontiya amaninzi ayengekho ngenxa yomkhuhlane, kwaye wancedisa ngenkuthalo ukucima imililo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubunjwa kwe-brigade yokucima umlilo kwabasetyhini ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1800 kwakuyisiganeko esibalulekileyo nesingazange sibonwe ngaphambili. Ikholeji yaseGirton Ladies eBritani yaseka i-brigade yokucima umlilo yabasetyhini ukusuka kwi-1878 ukuya kwi-1932, isebenza njengesiganeko esibalulekileyo sokubandakanyeka kwabasetyhini kule ntsimi.
Inkalipho Ngolungelelwano
Kwi eunited States, amabhinqa abandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo ekucimeni imililo, ingakumbi ngexesha lemfazwe xa amadoda ayekwimfazwe. Ngexesha IMfazwe Yehlabathi I kunye neMfazwe Yehlabathi II, amabhinqa amaninzi angenela iinkonzo zokucima umlilo ukuze athabathe indawo yamadoda awayebizelwe emkhosini. Kulo mxholo, iinkampani ezininzi zokucima umlilo zabasetyhini zenziwa. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-1960, kwi KwiKing CountyeCalifornia, kwaye Iinkuni, eTexas, iinkampani zokucima umlilo zabasetyhini ziphuhlisiwe, kunye nabasetyhini bathatha iindima ezisebenzayo kunye nezibalulekileyo ekucimeni umlilo kunye nokulawula umlilo.
I-Evolution ngokuhamba kwexesha
Uhambo lwabasetyhini ekucimeni umlilo belude kwaye luzaliswe yimingeni. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, baye bafumana ukuqondwa ngakumbi kunye nokwamkelwa, ngakumbi emva kokuvunywa kwe UMthetho wamaLungelo oLuntu yowe-1964 eUnited States, nto leyo eyenza kwangekho mthethweni ukuba amasebe omlilo athintele amabhinqa ukuba afake izicelo zokuba ngabacimi-mlilo. Oku kwavula indlela yokuba abafazi abaninzi bangene kwiindima ezisebenzayo nezihlawulwayo ekucimeni umlilo, njengoko kubonwa kumatyala e USandra Forcier kwaye UJudith Livers Kwi-1970s.
Imbali yabasetyhini ekucimeni umlilo, ngakumbi leyo yasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1800s bonke-ababhinqileyo, imele isahluko esibalulekileyo kuhambo olude oluya kukulingana ngokwesini kunye nobulungisa emsebenzini. Aba vulindlela bashiye ilifa le sibindi kwaye ukuzimisela eqhubeka ikhuthaza kwaye inefuthe kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
imithombo