Imvelaphi ye-microscope: ifestile kwihlabathi elincinci
Uhambo ngeMbali yeMicroscopy
Iingcambu zeMicroscopy
Umbono we microscope ineengcambu zayo kumaxesha amandulo. Kwi iTshayina, kwiminyaka eyi-4,000 eyadlulayo, iisampuli ezandisiweyo zabonwa ngeelensi ekupheleni kombhobho ozaliswe ngamanzi, ukuphumeza amanqanaba abalulekileyo okukhulisa. Olu qheliselo, oluhambele phambili ngokumangalisayo ngexesha laso, lubonisa ukuba ukukhulisa amehlo kwakuyingcamango eyaziwayo neyasetyenziswa mandulo. Kwezinye iinkcubeko ngokunjalo, ezifana IsiGrike, WaseYiputa, yaye WaseRoma, iilensi ezigobileyo zazisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iinkqubo zotyando. Le mizekelo yamandulo, nangona yayiyintsha, yayingekayimeli imikroskopu njengoko sisazi namhlanje kodwa yabeka isiseko sokuveliswa kwayo kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuzalwa kweMikroskopu yeCompound
Impumelelo yokwenyani kwimbali ye-microscope yenzeke ngeenxa zonke 1590 xa iilensi ezintathu zamaDatshi - Hans Jansen, unyana wakhe UZakariya Jansen, yaye UHans Lippershey – banikwe imbeko ngokuyila i imicroscope edibeneyo. Esi sixhobo esitsha, esidibanisa iilensi ezininzi kumbhobho, sivumele ukukhulisa kakhulu kuneendlela zangaphambili. Yaduma ngenkulungwane ye-17 kwaye yayisetyenziswa zizazinzulu ezifana URobert hooke, isithandi sobulumko sendalo esiliNgesi, esaqalisa ukwenza umboniso rhoqo kwiRoyal Society ukususela ngowe-1663. Ngowe-1665, uHooke wapapasha incwadi ethi “IMicrograph", umsebenzi oye wazisa uluhlu olubanzi lokuqwalaselwa kwe-microscope kwaye waba negalelo elikhulu ekusasazeni i-microscope.
U-Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Uyise weMikroskopu
Ngaxeshanye neHooke, UAntonie van Leeuwenhoek, umrhwebi nososayensi ongumDatshi, waphuhliswa elula ukanti iimikroskopu ezinamandla ngendlela engaqhelekanga. ULeeuwenhoek wasebenzisa ezi microscopes xa wayeqala ukuqwalasela izinto ezincinci emanzini ngo-1670, ngaloo ndlela esungula i-microbiology. Waziwa ngobuchule bakhe bokuvelisa iilensi kunye neeleta zakhe ezineenkcukacha eziya kwiRoyal Society yaseLondon, eyathi yaqinisekisa kwaye yasasaza izinto azifumeneyo. Ngezi leta, u-Leeuwenhoek waba ngumntu ophambili kuphuhliso lwe-microscope.
Inkqubela phambili yezobuGcisa
Ukususela emva kwexesha I17 yekhulu leminyaka, i-optics yesi sixhobo yaqhubeka ihambela phambili ngokukhawuleza. Kwi I18 yekhulu leminyaka, kwenziwe inkqubela phambili ephawulekayo ekulungiseni ukuphambuka kwechromatic, ukuphucula kakhulu umgangatho womfanekiso. Kwi I19 yekhulu leminyaka, ukuqaliswa kweentlobo ezintsha zeglasi yeglasi kunye nokuqonda ijometri ye-optical kwakhokelela ekuphuculeni ngakumbi. Olu phuhliso luye lwabeka isiseko semikroskopu yale mihla, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kuhlolisiswe umhlaba ongemakroskopu ngokuchanekileyo nangokucace ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili.