Utshintsho lwepenicillin
Iyeza elatshintsha imbali yezamayeza
Ibali ipenicillin, iyeza lokuqala lokubulala iintsholongwane, liqala nge ukufunyanwa ngengozi eyavula indlela yexesha elitsha kumlo ochaseneyo izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ukufunyanwa kwayo kunye nophuhliso olulandelayo ngamabali e-intuition, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe eyasindisa izigidi zobomi kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ukusuka kubumba ukuya kwiyeza
In 1928, UAlexander Fleming, isazi ngeentsholongwane saseSkotlani, safumanisa ipenicillin ngokujonga indlela “ijusi yokungunda” inokubulala iindidi ezininzi zeentsholongwane eziyingozi. Ukungabikho komdla wokuqala kunye nobunzima bobugcisa ekuhlukaniseni kunye nokucoca i-penicillin ayizange ithintele uphando. Kwakungaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kuphela Howard Florey, Ernst Chain, kunye neqela labo kwi KwiYunivesithi yaseOxford yajika le ncindi yokungunda yaba lichiza elisindisa ubomi, ukoyisa imiqobo ebalulekileyo yobugcisa kunye nemveliso.
Umzi-mveliso wepenicillin eOxford
Iinzame zemveliso eOxford, zaqalwa ngo 1939, wawuphawulwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezikhongozeli ezahlukahlukeneyo zokulinywa I-penicillium kunye nokudalwa kwendawo yokuvelisa ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi elabhoratri. Ngaphandle kweemeko zemfazwe kunye nokunqongophala kwezixhobo, iqela likwazile ukuvelisa i-penicillin eyaneleyo ukubonisa ukusebenza kwayo ekunyangeni izifo ezinzima zebhaktheriya.
Igalelo laseMelika kwimveliso yepenicillin
Ukuqaphela imfuneko yokuvelisa ipenicillin ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, Florey kwaye Heatley uye kwi eunited States in 1941, apho intsebenziswano ne Ishishini lamayeza laseMelika kunye nenkxaso karhulumente yaguqula ipenicillin ukusuka kwimveliso yaselabhoratri enomdla yaba lichiza elifumaneka ngokubanzi. Izinto ezintsha ezibalulekileyo, ezinjengokusetyenziswa kotywala obumnqantsa bombona ekuvubeleni, kwandise kakhulu isivuno sepenicillin, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifikeleleke kunyango lwemikhosi eManyeneyo ngexesha lemfazwe kwaye kamva kuluntu ngokubanzi.
Olu hambo lusuka ekufumaneni ukuya ekusasazweni kwepenicillin kwihlabathi liphela luqaqambisa ukubaluleka kophando lwenzululwazi kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. Ibali lepenicillin alipheleli nje ekubeni lelechiza lenguquko kodwa likwayindlela entsha, eqhutywa yimfuneko kunye nokuzinikela, enokoyisa eyona miqobo inzima.
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