Isishwankathelo sezeMbali seTeknikhi zokuHlangula kwangethuba kunye nokuvela kwazo

Imizila yokuQala yokuHlangula kwi-Prehistory

The imbali yokuhlangula abantu yaqala kudala ngaphambi kokuvela kwempucuko yanamhlanje, esekelwe kubunzulu bembali yamandulo. Ukwembiwa kwezinto zakudala kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zehlabathi kuye kwabonisa ukuba abantu bamandulo babesele benolwazi nobuchule obufunekayo ukuze baphile kwiimeko ezinzima. Ngokukodwa, i-Peninsula yaseArabia, eyayikade ithathwa njengomhlaba oyinkangala kuninzi lwembali yangaphambili, iye yajika yaba yindawo eguqukayo nebalulekileyo kubantu bakudala. Uphando olwenziwe liqela lentsebenziswano labaphengululi baseJamani nabaseSaudi lukhokelele ekubhaqweni kwezixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe obusukela emva ukuya kuthi ga apho. Iminyaka eli-400,000 eyadlulayo, ebonisa ukuba ukuhlala kwabantu kulo mmandla kudala kudala kunokuba bekucingelwa ngaphambili.

Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba abantu bakudala bafuduka kwi-peninsula ngamaza ahlukeneyo, bezisa amanqanaba amatsha enkcubeko yezinto eziphathekayo ixesha ngalinye. Idatha ye-Archaeological kunye ne-paleoclimatic bacebisa ukuba ummandla oqhele ukuba nenkqantosi ube namaxesha okunetha kwemvula, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe nobubele kubantu abahambahambayo. Ubukho bezixhobo zamatye, ezihlala zenziwe kwi-flint, kunye nokwahluka kweendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezi zixhobo zibonisa izigaba ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko ezenzeka kumakhulu amawaka eminyaka. La maxesha abandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko yezembe yesandla kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwephesha obuphakathi bePaleolithic esekwe kwiiflakes.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekusindeni nasekuhlanguleni kwamandulo kukusetyenziswa komlilo, oqale emva malunga nama-800,000 eminyaka eyadlulayo, njengoko kungqinwa ziziphumo zophando. Evron Quarry in Sirayeli . Oku kufunyenweyo, kuxhaswe luhlolisiso lwezixhobo ezenziwe ngelitye lelitye lenyengane, kwatyhila ukuba abantu bamandulo babesebenzisa umlilo, mhlawumbi ekuphekeni okanye ekufudumaleni, ngaphambilana kunokuba kwakucingwa ngaphambili. Obu bungqina bubonisa ukuba ukukwazi ukulawula nokusebenzisa umlilo kwakuyinyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuziphendukeleni kwabantu, okunegalelo elikhulu kumandla ethu okuphila kunye nokuphumelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zihlala zibuhlungu.

Imvelaphi yoHlangulo lwale mihla

Ngowe-1775, ugqirha waseDenmark Peter Christian Abildgaard benza uhlolisiso ngezilwanyana, bafumanisa ukuba kwakunokwenzeka ukuvuselela inkuku ekubonakala ukuba ayinabomi ngokubethwa ngumbane. Le yayiyenye yezinto zokuqala ezibhaliweyo ezibonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuvuswa. Ngowe-1856, ugqirha wesiNgesi Marshall Hall ichaze indlela entsha yokungenisa umoya emiphungeni eyenziweyo, elandelwa luphuculo olongezelelweyo lwendlela ngo UHenry Robert Silvester ngowe-1858. Olu phuhliso lwabeka isiseko seendlela zanamhlanje zokuvuselela ubomi.

Uphuhliso kwi-19 kunye ne-20th Centuries

Kwinkulungwane yama-19, John D. Hill ye Isibhedlele saseRoyal Free ichaze ukusetyenziswa koxinzelelo lwesifuba ukuvuselela ngempumelelo izigulane. Ngowe-1877, URudolph Boehm ingxelo kusetyenziswa i-massage ye-cardiac yangaphandle ukuvuselela iikati emva kokubanjwa kwe-chloroform-induced heart arrest. Le nkqubela phambili yokuvuselela ifikelele kuvuthondaba ngokuchazwa kokungakumbi ukuvuselelwa kwe-cardiopulmonary yanamhlanje (CPR) ubuchule benkulungwane yama-20, obuquka indlela yokungenisa umoya emlonyeni, eyamkelwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwenkulungwane.

Ukuqwalaselwa kokugqibela

Ezi ziphumo kunye nophuhliso lubonisa ukuba ithuku lokuhlangula kunye nokusindisa ubomi bomntu zendele nzulu kwimbali yoluntu. Ubuchule bokuhlangula, nangona bukudala kwiifom zabo zangaphambili, bube nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusindeni kwabantu kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.